@article {8137,
	title = {Does Working for Oneself, not Others, Improve Older Adults  Health? An Investigation on Health Impact of SelfEmployment},
	journal = {American Journal of Entrepreneurship},
	volume = {1},
	year = {2014},
	pages = {142-180},
	publisher = {1},
	abstract = {This paper examines the health impact of being self-employed versus working for others among older adults (aged 50 ) and its implications. Facing an aging workforce, self-employment at older ages may provide an economic benefit via an alternative to retirement. However, little research has examined the health effects of self-employment in later life. Relying on the latest 7 waves of data from the Health and Retirement Study, this study comprehensively examines health using a 29-item index to measure the impact of self-employment status on changes in older adults  overall health. We conduct a 2-stage generalized panel data instrument variables regression model, with lagged values to control potential endogeneity and simultaneity issues. We find self-employment compared to wage-and-salary jobs result in better health, controlling for job stress and work intensity, cognitive performance, prior health conditions, socioeconomic and demographic factors. This positive self-employment impact stands our in knowledge-based industry sectors. In labor intensive industry sectors such as Durable Goods Manufacturing, self-employed older adults{\textquoteright} more gradual retirement seems to result in a health advantage over wage-and-salary employees. Limitations of the study and future research directions are discussed.},
	keywords = {Employment and Labor Force, Health Conditions and Status, Other, Retirement Planning and Satisfaction},
	author = {Zhang, Ting}
}
