@article {7381, title = {Major depression and urinary incontinence in women: temporal associations in an epidemiologic sample.}, journal = {Am J Obstet Gynecol}, volume = {201}, year = {2009}, month = {2009 Nov}, pages = {490.e1-7}, publisher = {201}, abstract = {

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether: (1) major depression is associated with increased risk for onset of urinary incontinence, and (2) urinary incontinence is associated with increased risk for onset of depression.

STUDY DESIGN: Longitudinal cohort study of female Health and Retirement Study participants completing baseline interviews at Wave 3 (1996-1997) and follow-up interviews at Waves 4-6 (1998-2003).

RESULTS: In a cohort of 5820 women with a mean age 59.3 (+/- 0.5) years, 6-year cumulative incidences of depression and incontinence were 11\% and 21\%, respectively. Major depression was associated with increased odds of incident incontinence (adjusted odds ratio, 1.46; 95\% confidence interval, 1.08-1.97) during follow-up compared with those without major depression at baseline. Conversely, incontinence was not associated with increased odds of incident depression (adjusted odds ratio, 1.03; 95\% confidence interval, 0.75-1.42) compared with those without incontinence at baseline.

CONCLUSION: Major depression predicted onset of urinary incontinence in a population-based sample of at-risk, community-dwelling women. Incontinence did not predict onset of depression.

}, keywords = {Depressive Disorder, Major, Female, Humans, Longitudinal Studies, Middle Aged, Risk Factors, Time Factors, Urinary incontinence}, issn = {1097-6868}, doi = {10.1016/j.ajog.2009.05.047}, author = {Jennifer L Melville and Fan, Ming-Yu and Rau, Holly and Ingrid E Nygaard and Wayne J Katon} }