@article {10074, title = {Consolidated measures of activity among older adults: results of a three data set comparison.}, journal = {Journal of Gerontological Social Work}, year = {2019}, abstract = {This study explores the potential to consolidate a broad range of activity items to create more manageable measures that could be used in statistical modeling of multi-activity engagement. We utilized three datasets in the United States: Panel Study of Income Dynamics, Health and Retirement Study, and Midlife in the United States. After identifying activity items, exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis were used to empirically explore composite activity measures. Findings suggest that discrete activity items can be consolidated into activity domains; however, activity domains differ across datasets depending on availability of activity items. Implications for research and practice are further discussed.}, keywords = {Physical activity}, issn = {1540-4048}, doi = {10.1080/01634372.2019.1582123}, author = {Lee, Yung Soo and Putnam, Michelle and Morrow-Howell, Nancy and Inoue, Megumi and Jennifer C. Greenfield and Chen, Huajuan} } @inbook {5250, title = {Long-Term Care in the United States}, booktitle = {Financial Capability and Asset Holding in Later Life: A Life Course Perspective}, year = {2015}, pages = {161-174}, publisher = {Oxford University Press}, organization = {Oxford University Press}, chapter = {9}, address = {New York}, keywords = {Healthcare, Public Policy}, author = {Jennifer C. Greenfield}, editor = {Morrow-Howell, Nancy and Sherraden, Margaret S.} } @article {8028, title = {An investigation of activity profiles of older adults.}, journal = {J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci}, volume = {69}, year = {2014}, month = {2014 Sep}, pages = {809-21}, publisher = {69}, abstract = {

OBJECTIVES: In this study, we advance knowledge about activity engagement by considering many activities simultaneously to identify profiles of activity among older adults. Further, we use cross-sectional data to explore factors associated with activity profiles and prospective data to explore activity profiles and well-being outcomes.

METHOD: We used the core survey data from the years 2008 and 2010, as well as the 2009 Health and Retirement Study Consumption and Activities Mail Survey (HRS CAMS). The HRS CAMS includes information on types and amounts of activities. We used factor analysis and latent class analysis to identify activity profiles and regression analyses to assess antecedents and outcomes associated with activity profiles.

RESULTS: We identified 5 activity profiles: Low Activity, Moderate Activity, High Activity, Working, and Physically Active. These profiles varied in amount and type of activities. Demographic and health factors were related to profiles. Activity profiles were subsequently associated with self-rated health and depression symptoms.

DISCUSSION: The use of a 5-level categorical activity profile variable may allow more complex analyses of activity that capture the "whole person." There is clearly a vulnerable group of low-activity individuals as well as a High Activity group that may represent the "active ageing" vision.

}, keywords = {Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Aging, Black or African American, Cohort Studies, Cross-Sectional Studies, Employment, Female, Florida, Health Surveys, Hispanic or Latino, Human Activities, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Models, Psychological, Motor Activity, Prospective Studies, Regression Analysis, United States}, issn = {1758-5368}, doi = {10.1093/geronb/gbu002}, url = {http://psychsocgerontology.oxfordjournals.org/content/early/2014/02/12/geronb.gbu002.abstract}, author = {Morrow-Howell, Nancy and Putnam, Michelle and Lee, Yung Soo and Jennifer C. Greenfield and Inoue, Megumi and Chen, Huajuan} } @mastersthesis {6320, title = {The Long-Term Costs of Caring: How Caring for an Aging Parent Impacts Wealth Trajectories of Caregivers}, volume = {Ph.D.}, year = {2013}, note = {Copyright - Copyright ProQuest, UMI Dissertations Publishing 2013 Last updated - 2013-05-28 First page - n/a}, month = {May 2013}, pages = {128}, school = {Washington University in St. Louis}, type = {Dissertation}, abstract = {Long-term care in the U.S. is a growing concern as our aging population exerts pressure on formal and informal care systems. Public expenditures on formal care are increasing rapidly, even as reliance on informal caregivers expands. Recent policy innovations are shifting Medicaid and Medicare funding toward home- and community-based services (HCBS) as an alternative to nursing home care. This may help reduce overall LTC care costs to states and the federal government, but it also shifts more responsibility to families and informal care networks. Not only can caregiving have negative impacts on the physical and mental health of caregivers, but it also can be expensive, both in terms of direct costs and in terms of lost wages and work opportunities. However, to date, these financial consequences are not fully understood. This project uses longitudinal, nationally representative data from six waves of the Health and Retirement Study (1998-2008) to evaluate whether caring for aging parents impacts caregivers{\textquoteright} assets over time. Latent trajectory analysis was used to identify groups for whom caregiving had a negative impact on wealth trajectories. A four-group model fit best and revealed one group, with 4.3\% of respondents, for whom caregiving had a significant, negative relationship. Further, race, education, and caregivers{\textquoteright} health were significantly related to these trajectories. Gender and marital status were not related. Lastly, among caregivers, care duration did not significantly impact asset trajectories, and care intensity had mixed effects. Findings indicate that caring for an aging parent has a significant, negative impact for some adults over age 50, but only for a small group. Importantly, those who are negatively impacted are more likely to be in already vulnerable groups. As reliance on informal caregiving increases, special attention should be paid to those caregivers who may be particularly vulnerable to the financial impacts of caregiving; better assessments and more economic supports are needed to offset the potential exacerbating impacts of caregiving.}, keywords = {Adult children, Health Conditions and Status, Healthcare, Medicare/Medicaid/Health Insurance, Net Worth and Assets}, url = {http://search.proquest.com.proxy.lib.umich.edu/docview/1353672076?accountid=14667http://mgetit.lib.umich.edu/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004\&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8\&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQuest+Dissertations+\%26+Theses+A\%26I\&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertat}, author = {Jennifer C. Greenfield} }