@article {12516,
	title = {Creating a Public Resource: O*NET Job Characteristics Data Set for Use with the Health and Retirement Study and Other Surveys},
	number = {UM22-Q1},
	year = {2022},
	institution = {Michigan Retirement and Disability Research Center, University of Michigan},
	address = {Ann Arbor, MI},
	abstract = {Creating a public resource of historical occupational information from the O*NET database linked with survey data in the HRS will allow researchers to better inform policy makers about the impact of long-term exposure to different types of tasks or work environments on the ability and willingness of older adults to work longer. This is relevant to informing potential behavioral responses and other effects of potential SSA policy changes such as increasing the age of eligibility for OASI. With a growing need to understand how individuals within the same work environments experience different outcomes, particularly among those from under-represented groups (e.g., racial and ethnic minorities), pairing O*NET data with HRS data has important implications for scientific advances that can promote more equitable work environments.

This project will complete the documentation report of the data set linking 2019 O*NET measures to the 2010 Census occupation code frame; link 2019 O*NET-Census 2010 data set to HRS occupations from 2010 forward; write documentation report of the data set linking 2019 O*NET measures to the HRS occupation data from 2010 forward for the HRS website; and conduct validation and quality control analyses.},
	keywords = {O*NET, occupational information, Older workers, Social Security Administration, work environments},
	url = {https://mrdrc.isr.umich.edu/projects/creating-a-public-resource-onet-job-characteristics-data-set-for-use-with-the-health-and-retirement-study-and-other-surveys/},
	author = {Helppie-McFall, Brooke and Carr, Dawn C and Amanda Sonnega}
}
@article {12749,
	title = {LHMS User Guide 2015-2017},
	year = {2022},
	institution = {Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan },
	address = {Ann Arbor, MI},
	keywords = {life history, mail survey, User guide},
	author = {Jacqui Smith and Ofstedal, Mary Beth and Larkina, Marina and Helppie-McFall, Brooke and Amanda Sonnega and David R Weir}
}
@article {12258,
	title = {The Relationship Between Adverse Experiences Over the Life Course and Early Retirement Due to Disability},
	number = {WP 2021-435},
	year = {2021},
	institution = {Retirement and Disability Research Center, University of Michigan},
	address = {Ann Arbor},
	abstract = {A growing body of research implicates life span adversity in later-life outcomes. We use data from the Life History Mail Survey (LHMS) with data from the Health and Retirement Study (HRS) core surveys to examine the relationship between adverse experiences over the life course and retirement due to disability. We employ 31 measures of childhood and adulthood adversities in both the financial and social domains. We create three measures of retirement due to disability based on survey responses to questions about health as a reason for retiring and the extent to which health limits work ability. For each measure of early retirement due to disability, we perform competing risk survival analysis modeling these outcomes relative to continued work or retirement for any other reason. We conduct these analyses in four samples depending on the component of the survey the data from which the data derived, with the sample including LHMS information being the most restricted but including the greatest number of adversities. Cumulative life adversity was associated with all outcomes examined, including the most conservative specification of disability retirement (i.e., retirement in the context of a health problem that completely limits work) and across all samples. We also found that childhood financial adversity and adult social adversity were most consistently associated with an increased hazard of retirement due to disability in our analysis, which balances the greatest number of adversities with a reasonably large sample (Sample 3).},
	keywords = {Adversity, Disability, Early retirement},
	url = {https://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/171806},
	author = {Amanda Sonnega and Helppie-McFall, Brooke}
}
@article {12056,
	title = {Using HRS-ONET Linked Data to Study Subjective and Objective Mismatch Between Work Demands and Capacity at Older Ages},
	journal = {Innovation in Aging},
	volume = {5},
	year = {2021},
	pages = {231{\textendash}232},
	abstract = {Mismatch between demands of work and workers{\textquoteright} ability to meet those demands may play an important role in retirement decisions. This presentation extends earlier work using Health and Retirement Study data linked to O*NET to develop measures of discrepancy between individual{\textquoteright}s own reports of physical and mental abilities and 1) their perceptions of the physical and mental demands of their jobs and 2) O*NET ratings of the physical and mental demands of their jobs. In particular, we utilize newly available linked information using 2010 Census codes and 2019 O*NET ratings that reflect more current jobs. We then examine the impact of each type of mismatch (subjective and objective) on retirement timing. Overall, we find a stronger connection between subjective mismatch relative to objective mismatch. We discuss implications of this finding in terms of the value of the O*NET linkage and potential interventions aimed at extending working lives for positive aging.},
	keywords = {O*NET, work demands, worker ability},
	doi = {https://doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igab046.888},
	author = {Amanda Sonnega and Gwenith G Fisher and Helppie-McFall, Brooke}
}
@article {10375,
	title = {Interpreting Subjective and Objective Measures of Job Resources: The Importance of Sociodemographic Context.},
	journal = {International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health},
	volume = {16},
	year = {2019},
	month = {2019 08 23},
	abstract = {<p>Salutary retirement policy depends on a clear understanding of factors in the workplace that contribute to work ability at older ages. Research in occupational health typically uses either self-reported or objective ratings of the work environment to assess workplace determinants of health and work ability. This study assessed whether individual characteristics and work-related demands were differentially associated with (1) self-reported ratings of job resources from older workers in the Health and Retirement Study, and (2) corresponding objective ratings of job resources from the Occupational Information Network (O*NET). Results from regression and relative weights analyses showed that self-reported ratings were associated with self-reported job demands and personal resources, whereas corresponding O*NET ratings were associated with differences in gender, race, or socioeconomic standing. As a result, subjective ratings may not capture important aspects of aging workers{\textquoteright} sociodemographic background that influence work ability, occupational sorting, opportunities for advancement, and ultimately the job resources available to them. Future studies should consider including both subjective and objective measures to capture individual and societal level processes that drive the relationship between work, health, and aging.</p>},
	keywords = {Job resources, sociodemographics},
	issn = {1660-4601},
	doi = {10.3390/ijerph16173058},
	url = {https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31443601},
	author = {Lauren L Schmitz and Courtney L McCluney and Amanda Sonnega and Margaret T Hicken}
}
@article {10418,
	title = {Policy Levers May Improve Older Workers{\textquoteright} Perceptions of Their Psychosocial Work Environment: Research findings show that workplace policies can play a crucial role in the quality of older worker{\textquoteright}s health and job longevity.},
	journal = {Generations},
	volume = {43},
	year = {2019},
	pages = {78-85},
	abstract = {A supportive psychosocial work environment (PWE) is critical to worker well-being and labor force attachment at older ages. Using data from the Health and Retirement Study, linked to workplace ratings from the Occupational Information Network (0*NET), this article explores factors associated with workers{\textquoteright} perception of their PWE. Deviations in workers{\textquoteright} PWE perceptions relative to corresponding 0*NET ratings are driven not by worker characteristics, but by workplace practices that better policy could amend. Findings support the important role workplace policies play in promoting health and longer working lives.},
	keywords = {Policy, Psychosocial, Workers, workplace policies},
	author = {Lauren L Schmitz and Courtney L McCluney and Amanda Sonnega and Margaret T Hicken}
}
@article {9164,
	title = {A comparison of subjective and objective job demands and fit with personal resources as predictors of retirement timing in a national U.S. Sample},
	journal = {Work, Aging and Retirement},
	volume = {4},
	year = {2018},
	chapter = {37{\textendash}51},
	abstract = {Population aging and attendant pressures on public budgets have spurred considerable interest in understanding factors that influence retirement timing. A range of sociodemographic and economic characteristics predict both earlier and later retirement. Less is known about the role of job characteristics on the work choices of older workers. Researchers are increasingly using the subjective ratings of job characteristics available in the Health and Retirement Study in conjunction with more objective measures of job characteristics from the Occupational Information Network (O*NET) database. Employing a theoretically-informed model of job demands-personal resources fit, we constructed mismatch measures between resources and job demands (both subjectively and objectively assessed) in physical, emotional, and cognitive domains. When we matched comparable measures across the 2 data sources in the domains of physical, emotional, and cognitive job demands, we found that both sources of information held predictive power in relation to retirement timing. Physical and emotional but not cognitive mismatch were associated with earlier retirement. We discuss theoretical and practical implications of these findings and directions for future research.},
	keywords = {Comparisons, Job stressors, Retirement Planning and Satisfaction},
	issn = {2054-4642},
	doi = {10.1093/workar/wax016},
	url = {https://academic.oup.com/workar/article-lookup/doi/10.1093/workar/wax016},
	author = {Amanda Sonnega and Helppie-McFall, Brooke and P{\'e}ter Hudomiet and Robert J. Willis and Gwenith G Fisher}
}
@article {9127,
	title = {Structural racism in the workplace: Does perception matter for health inequalities?},
	journal = {Social Science \& Medicine},
	volume = {199},
	year = {2018},
	pages = {106-114},
	abstract = {Structural racism has been linked to racial health inequalities and may operate through an unequal labor market that results in inequalities in psychosocial workplace environments (PWE). Experiences of the PWE may be a critical but understudied source of racial health disparities as most adults spend a large portion of their lives in the workplace, and work-related stress affects health outcomes. Further, it is not clear if the objective characteristics of the workplace are important for health inequalities or if these inequalities are driven by the perception of the workplace. Using data from the 2008 to 2012 waves of the Health and Retirement Study (HRS), a probability-based sample of US adults 50 years of age and older and the Department of Labor{\textquoteright}s Occupational Information Network (O*NET), we examine the role of both standardized, objective (O*NET) and survey-based, subjective (as in HRS) measures of PWEs on health and Black-White health inequalities. We find that Blacks experience more stressful PWEs and have poorer health as measured by self-rated health, episodic memory function, and mean arterial pressure. Mediation analyses suggest that these objective O*NET ratings, but not the subjective perceptions, partially explain the relationship between race and health. We discuss these results within the extant literature on workplace and health and health inequalities. Furthermore, we discuss the use of standardized objective measures of the PWE to capture racial inequalities in workplace environment.},
	keywords = {Health Disparities, Racial/ethnic differences, Racism},
	issn = {1873-5347},
	doi = {10.1016/j.socscimed.2017.05.039},
	author = {Courtney L McCluney and Lauren L Schmitz and Margaret T Hicken and Amanda Sonnega}
}
@article {5873,
	title = {Occupations and Work Characteristics: Effects on Retirement Expectations and Timing},
	year = {2015},
	institution = {Ann Arbor, MI, Michigan Retirement Research Center},
	abstract = {Population aging and attendant pressures on public budgets have spurred considerable interest in understanding factors that influence retirement timing. A range of sociodemographic and economic characteristics have been shown to predict both earlier and later retirement. Less is known about the role of occupations and their characteristics on the work choices of older workers. Knowing more about the occupations that workers seem to stay in longer or leave earlier may point the way to policy interventions that are beneficial to both individuals and system finances. This project uses detailed occupational categories and work characteristics in the Health and Retirement Study (HRS) linked to information in the Occupational Information Network (O NET) to examine compositional changes in occupations held by older workers over time; to provide some basic and interesting information about relationships between occupations and their characteristics and retirement expectations and outcomes; and to shed some light on which occupations and associated characteristics might encourage or discourage longer working lives. There are large percentage changes (increases in decreases) in the percentage of older workers in occupations over time. Considering detailed as opposed to aggregated occupational categories yields interesting additional information. Jobs that HRS respondents say entail less physical effort, less stress, and jobs that have not increased in difficulty in recent decades, and those in which people can reduce hours if desired, are associated with longer work. While the traditional blue collar-retire earlier and white collar-work longer associations emerge, we find interesting exceptions that suggest fruitful directions for future research.},
	keywords = {Employment and Labor Force, Retirement Planning and Satisfaction},
	author = {McFall, Brooke Helppie and Amanda Sonnega and Robert J. Willis and P{\'e}ter Hudomiet}
}
