@proceedings {11633, title = {Educational Differences in Life Span Variation in Dementia Incidence}, journal = {32nd Reves Meeting}, year = {2021}, publisher = {Reves Network on Health Expectancy}, address = {Virtual}, abstract = {Objective: To examine educational differences in life span variation in dementia in the United States and assess the role of adult income in explaining the variation within educational levels. Method: We use the Health and Retirement Study (2000-2014) and techniques of microsimulation and bootstrap to estimate the age distribution of dementia incidence for major education groups, controlling and not controlling for adult income. Hypotheses: We anticipate that life span variation in dementia incidence will be substantially larger among less educated persons than among highly educated persons. Part of the reason for the larger educational variation among less educated persons may reflect both economic vulnerability in later adulthood (a large frail tail) and economic success (a smaller but visible robust tail). Among well educated people, we expect to see a compression of dementia reflecting a very small frail tail and the postponement of dementia until ages proximate to death}, keywords = {Dementia, Education}, url = {https://www.reves2021.org/sites/reves2021.org/files/2021-05/Schedule_REVES2021_withAbstract.pdf}, author = {Hyungmin Cha and Mateo P Farina and Chi-Tsun Chiu and Mark D Hayward} } @article {9966, title = {Educational differences in the compression of disability incidence in the United States}, journal = {SSM - Population Health}, volume = {7}, year = {2019}, pages = {100347}, abstract = {Objective: To examine educational differences in the compression of disability incidence in the United States. Method: We use the Health and Retirement Study and techniques of microsimulation and bootstrap to estimate the distribution of mortality and disability incidence for major education groups. Results: Higher education is associated with a right shift in the age distributions of both mortality and disability incidence, and more compressed distributions above the modal ages (p<0.05). Our study also points to gender differences in the association between education and compression of mortality and disability incidence (p<0.05). Discussion: To our knowledge, no prior studies have examined educational difference in compression of disability incidence and conducted formal tests for statistical significance. Educational differences in life span variation in mortality correspond closely with life span variation in disability incidence. One long-range implication of this work is growing inequality in life-span variation in disability incidence given trends in educational differences in life-span variation in mortality.}, keywords = {Activities of Daily Living, Disabilities, Education}, issn = {23528273}, doi = {10.1016/j.ssmph.2018.100347}, author = {Chi-Tsun Chiu and Mark D Hayward and Chan, Angelique and Matchar, David B.} } @article {8682, title = {A Comparison of Educational Differences on Physical Health, Mortality, and Healthy Life Expectancy in Japan and the United States.}, journal = {J Aging Health}, volume = {28}, year = {2016}, month = {2016 10}, pages = {1256-78}, abstract = {

OBJECTIVE: This study examined the educational gradient of health and mortality between two long-lived populations: Japan and the United States.

METHOD: This analysis is based on the Nihon University Japanese Longitudinal Study of Aging and the Health and Retirement Study to compare educational gradients in multiple aspects of population health-life expectancy with/without disability, functional limitations, or chronic diseases, using prevalence-based Sullivan life tables.

RESULTS: Our results show that education coefficients from physical health and mortality models are similar for both Japan and American populations, and older Japanese have better mortality and health profiles.

DISCUSSION: Japan{\textquoteright}s compulsory national health service system since April 1961 and living arrangements with adult children may play an important role for its superior health profile compared with that of the United States.

}, keywords = {Activities of Daily Living, Age Distribution, Aged, Cause of Death, Cross-Cultural Comparison, Educational Status, Employment, Family Characteristics, Female, Health Status, Health Surveys, Healthy Lifestyle, Humans, Japan, Life Expectancy, Life Tables, Longitudinal Studies, Male, Middle Aged, Regression Analysis, Retirement, Sex Distribution, United States}, issn = {1552-6887}, doi = {10.1177/0898264316656505}, author = {Chi-Tsun Chiu and Mark D Hayward and Saito, Yasuhiko} } @article {8066, title = {Does the Hispanic Paradox in U.S. Adult Mortality Extend to Disability?}, journal = {Population Research and Policy Review}, volume = {33}, year = {2014}, pages = {81-96}, publisher = {33}, abstract = {Studies consistently document a Hispanic paradox in U.S. adult mortality, whereby Hispanics have similar or lower mortality rates than non-Hispanic whites despite lower socioeconomic status. This study extends this line of inquiry to disability, especially among foreign-born Hispanics, since their advantaged mortality seemingly should be paired with health advantages more generally. We also assess whether the paradox extends to U.S.-born Hispanics to evaluate the effect of nativity. We calculate multistate life tables of life expectancy with disability to assess whether racial/ethnic and nativity differences in the length of disability-free life parallel differences in overall life expectancy. Our results document a Hispanic paradox in mortality for foreign-born and U.S.-born Hispanics. However, Hispanics low mortality rates are not matched by low disability rates. Their disability rates are substantially higher than those of non-Hispanic whites and generally similar to those of non-Hispanic blacks. The result is a protracted period of disabled life expectancy for Hispanics, both foreign- and U.S.-born.}, keywords = {Demographics, Disabilities, Health Conditions and Status, Women and Minorities}, doi = {10.1007/s11113-013-9312-7}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11113-013-9312-7}, author = {Mark D Hayward and Robert A Hummer and Chi-Tsun Chiu and C{\'e}sar Gonz{\'a}lez-Gonz{\'a}lez and Rebeca Wong} } @article {7719, title = {The significance of education for mortality compression in the United States.}, journal = {Demography}, volume = {49}, year = {2012}, month = {2012 Aug}, pages = {819-40}, publisher = {49}, abstract = {

Recent studies of old-age mortality trends assess whether longevity improvements over time are linked to increasing compression of mortality at advanced ages. The historical backdrop of these studies is the long-term improvement in a population{\textquoteright}s socioeconomic resources that fueled longevity gains. We extend this line of inquiry by examining whether socioeconomic differences in longevity within a population are accompanied by old-age mortality compression. Specifically, we document educational differences in longevity and mortality compression for older men and women in the United States. Drawing on the fundamental cause of disease framework, we hypothesize that both longevity and compression increase with higher levels of education and that women with the highest levels of education will exhibit the greatest degree of longevity and compression. Results based on the Health and Retirement Study and the National Health Interview Survey Linked Mortality File confirm a strong educational gradient in both longevity and mortality compression. We also find that mortality is more compressed within educational groups among women than men. The results suggest that educational attainment in the United States maximizes life chances by delaying the biological aging process.

}, keywords = {Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Aging, Educational Status, Female, Health Status Disparities, Humans, Life Expectancy, Male, Middle Aged, Mortality, Mortality, Premature, Sex Distribution, Socioeconomic factors, United States}, issn = {0070-3370}, doi = {10.1007/s13524-012-0104-1}, url = {http://proquest.umi.com.proxy.lib.umich.edu/pqdweb?did=2712630621andFmt=7andclientId=17822andRQT=309andVName=PQD}, author = {Dustin C. Brown and Mark D Hayward and Jennifer Karas Montez and Robert A Hummer and Chi-Tsun Chiu and Mira M Hidajat} }