@article {10676,
	title = {Associations Between Diagnosis with Type 2 Diabetes and Changes in Physical Activity among Middle-Aged and Older Adults in the United States},
	journal = {Innovation in Aging},
	volume = {4},
	year = {2020},
	pages = {igz048},
	abstract = {BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Physical activity (PA) is an effective strategy for diabetes self-management and is central to the diabetes regimen. Diagnostic events present an opportunity for health behavior change; however, many older adults with type 2 diabetes (T2D) do not engage in regular PA. The relationships between diagnosis events and subsequent changes in PA are not well understood. Drawing upon life-course theory, this is the first study to examine whether the diagnosis of T2D is followed by a change in PA, whether these changes are sustained, and the sociodemographic characteristics associated with these changes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: We examined associations between T2D diagnosis and PA changes among 2,394 adults ages 51+ from the Health and Retirement Study (2004-2014). PA changes were measured using metabolic equivalents of task (METs) estimated values accounting for the vigor and frequency of self-reported PA. Using piecewise mixed models, we examined initial and sustained changes in METs over time and tested whether these changes were modified by race/ethnicity, educational level, gender, and age at diagnosis. RESULTS: Across participants, a significant postdiagnosis increase was observed in self-reported PA following the diagnostic event (β: 0.54, 95\% CI: 0.10, 0.97). The steepness of decline in PA participation over time did not change significantly following T2D diagnosis. Age at diagnosis and race/ethnicity significantly moderated these relationships: participants diagnosed at older ages were less likely to improve PA following diagnosis and non-Hispanic whites experienced relatively steeper rates of decline following diagnosis with T2D. DISCUSSION AND IMPLICATIONS: Modest diagnosis-related increases in PA were observed among participants overall. The usual rate of decline in PA appears unaffected by diagnosis overall. Age at diagnosis and race/ethnicity moderated these relationships. Key implications for future research and clinical practice are discussed.},
	keywords = {Age at diagnosis, Chronic disease self-management, Event-oriented model, Life-course perspective, Piecewise regression, Race/ethnicity},
	isbn = {2399-5300},
	doi = {10.1093/geroni/igz048},
	author = {Emily J Nicklett and Chen, Jieling and Xiang, Xiaoling and Leah R. Abrams and Amanda Sonnega and Kimson E Johnson and Cheng, Jianjia and Shervin Assari}
}
@article {10928,
	title = {The Impact of Region and Urbanicity on the Discrimination-Cognitive Health Link Among Older Blacks},
	journal = {Research in Human Development},
	volume = {17},
	year = {2020},
	pages = {4 - 19},
	abstract = {Little research has examined how the link between discrimination and cognitive health varies by where people live. This study investigates how living in non-urban versus urban areas in different regions in the United States moderates the discrimination-cognitive health link among older non-Hispanic Blacks. Data are from the 2012 and 2014 waves of the Health and Retirement Study (HRS; N = 2,347). Regression analyses indicate that experiencing more everyday discrimination is significantly associated with lower episodic memory when living in urban areas. Among non-Hispanic Blacks, the discrimination-episodic memory link does not significantly vary across U.S. regional contexts. Findings highlight variation in the association between everyday discrimination and cognitive health by where older non-Hispanic Blacks live. Results suggest the importance of socio-environmental factors in shaping how stressful experiences such as discrimination are linked to cognitive health in later life.},
	keywords = {Cognitive health, Discrimination, non-urban versus urban areas},
	isbn = {1542-7609},
	doi = {10.1080/15427609.2020.1746614},
	author = {Kimson E Johnson and Sol, Ketlyne and Sprague, Briana N. and Tamara J. Cadet and Mu{\~n}oz, Elizabeth and Noah J Webster}
}
@article {8962,
	title = {Biopsychosocial Predictors of Fall Events Among Older African Americans.},
	journal = {Research on Aging},
	volume = {39},
	year = {2017},
	month = {04/2017},
	pages = {501-525},
	abstract = {This study identifies risk and protective factors for falls among older, community-dwelling African Americans. Drawing upon the biopsychosocial perspective, we conducted a series of sex- and age-adjusted multinomial logistic regression analyses to identify the correlates of fall events among older African Americans. Our sample consisted of 1,442 community-dwelling African Americans aged 65 and older, participating in the 2010-2012 rounds of the Health and Retirement Study. Biophysical characteristics associated with greater relative risk of experiencing single and/or multiple falls included greater functional limitations, poorer self-rated health, poorer self-rated vision, chronic illnesses (high blood pressure, diabetes, cancer, lung disease, heart problems, stroke, and arthritis), greater chronic illness comorbidity, older age, and female sex. Physical activity was negatively associated with recurrent falls. Among the examined psychosocial characteristics, greater depressive symptoms were associated with greater relative risk of experiencing single and multiple fall events. Implications for clinicians and future studies are discussed.},
	keywords = {Falls, Health Shocks, Older Adults, Racial/ethnic differences, Women and Minorities},
	issn = {1552-7573},
	doi = {10.1177/0164027516651974},
	author = {Emily J Nicklett and Taylor, Robert Joseph and Rostant, Ola and Kimson E Johnson and Evans, Linnea}
}
