@article {11695, title = {Grandparenting, Social Relations, and Mortality in Old Age.}, journal = {Research on Aging}, volume = {44}, year = {2022}, pages = {265-275}, abstract = {

Guided by a convoy model of social relations, this study investigates the relationships between grandparenting status, social relations, and mortality among community-dwelling grandparents age 65 and older who are caring for their grandchildren. The data were drawn from the 2008 and 2016 waves of the Health and Retirement Study ( = 564). Latent class analysis was used to identify the social network structure based on six indicators of interpersonal relationships and activities. A series of hierarchical Weibull hazard models estimated the associations between grandparent caregiving, social relations, and mortality risk. Results of survival analyses indicate that co-parenting and custodial grandparents had higher all-cause mortality risk than grandparents who babysat occasionally; however, for custodial grandparents, the association was not significant once social relation variables were added to the model. This study suggests that community-based support may be beneficial to older grandparents and improved relationship quality is integral to the well-being of older adults.

}, keywords = {Grandparenting, Mortality, Social networks, Social Support}, issn = {1552-7573}, doi = {10.1177/01640275211015433}, author = {Heejung Jang and Tang, Fengyan and Fusco, Rachel A and Engel, Rafael J and Steven M. Albert} } @article {12086, title = {Loneliness, age at immigration, family relationships, and depression among older immigrants: A moderated relationship}, journal = {Journal of Social and Personal Relationships}, volume = {39}, year = {2022}, pages = {1602-1622}, abstract = {Guided by a convoy model of social relations, this study explores the complex relationships between loneliness, age at immigration, familial relationships, and depressive symptoms among older immigrants. This study used 2010 Health and Retirement Study data from a sample of 575 immigrants (52\% female, age range 65-99 years). Ordinary least squares regression models were estimated. The findings indicate that for older immigrants who came to the United States at age 45 or older, loneliness was significantly positively associated with depressive symptoms. Further, perceived negative strain and hours spent helping family moderated this relationship such that the effect of loneliness on depressive symptoms was stronger among respondents who perceived more negative family strain and spent fewer hours helping family. Familial relationships are crucial for the psychological well-being of older immigrants because they can be a source of either stress or support. The results have implications for how research and practices can support the immigrant families.}, keywords = {age at immigration, depression, family relationships, Loneliness, Migration}, isbn = {0265-4075}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1177/02654075211061279}, author = {Heejung Jang and Tang, Fengyan} } @article {12011, title = {The quality of relationships with adult children and depressive symptoms among grandparents.}, journal = {Aging and Mental Health}, year = {2022}, abstract = {

The present study aims to identify distinct types of relationships between grandparents and their adult children, measure the associations between these relationship types and depressive symptoms among grandparents, and determine whether these associations vary by grandparent status.This study uses data from a sample of 1,196 grandparents age 51 and older from the 2014 Health and Retirement Study. Latent class analysis (LCA) is applied and identifies types of grandparent-adult children relationships. Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) regression models are used to estimate the association between relationship types and depressive symptoms by grandparent status. LCA identified four grandparent-adult children relationship types: amicable, ambivalent, detached, and disharmonious. Custodial and co-parenting grandparents were most likely to report having an ambivalent relationship with their adult children. Among co-parenting and custodial grandparents, disharmonious relationships were associated with more depressive symptoms. Interventions are suggested to improve emotional relationships with adult children and dyadic family relationships among grandparent families.

}, keywords = {Depressive symptoms, Grandparenting, intergenerational relationships}, issn = {1364-6915}, doi = {10.1080/13607863.2021.1998349}, author = {Heejung Jang and Rauktis, Mary E and Tang, Fengyan} } @article {9364, title = {The race paradox in subjective wellbeing among older Americans}, journal = {Ageing and Society}, volume = {39}, year = {2019}, pages = {568-589}, abstract = {This study aims to assess racial differences in subjective wellbeing (SWB) and to examine whether the pathways of social support and social engagement to SWB vary by racial groups in the United States of America. Using a local sample (N = 1,035) and a nationally representative sample of the Health and Retirement Study (N = 7,718), we compared life satisfaction and happiness between non-Hispanic Whites and Blacks aged 55 and over. We evaluated the extent to which race, other socio-demographic characteristics, health, social engagement and social support explained the variances in SWB and examined the moderation effects of race on the relationships of SWB with age, social support and social engagement. Multiple regression analyses showed that non-Hispanic Blacks were at least as satisfied as, and even happier than White peers, after equalising social resources and health variables. Social support was significantly related to SWB, and it seemed that positive support was more important to Whites than to Blacks in predicting life satisfaction. In addition, the racial crossover effect existed, that is, the old-old (80+) Blacks were happier than their White peers. Findings indicate a national trend of the race paradox in SWB and underscore the importance of social support in promoting older adults{\textquoteright} wellbeing. Future research is recommended to investigate other potential mechanisms among Black older Americans to explain their relatively better SWB.}, keywords = {Happiness, Racial/ethnic differences, Social Support, Well-being}, issn = {0144-686X}, doi = {10.1017/S0144686X17001064}, url = {https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S0144686X17001064/type/journal_articlehttps://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/S0144686X17001064}, author = {Tang, Fengyan and Heejung Jang and Mary Beth Rauktis and Donald Musa and Scott Beach} }