@inbook {Laditka2020,
	title = {Microsimulation of Health Expectancies, Life Course Health, and Health Policy Outcomes},
	booktitle = {International Handbooks of Population: International Handbook of Health Expectancies},
	volume = {9},
	year = {2020},
	pages = {129{\textendash}138},
	publisher = {Springer International Publishing},
	organization = {Springer International Publishing},
	address = {Basel},
	abstract = {Active life expectancy measures life expectancy and the proportions of remaining life with and without disease or disability. Microsimulation, a useful tool for life course research, estimates active life expectancy by simulating individual lifetime health biographies, where the individual{\textquoteright}s status in one or more outcomes is known for each measured unit of life. In this chapter we describe how researchers use microsimulation to study active life expectancy, focusing on research of the past 20 years. We summarize the microsimulation process. We describe how researchers model current and future population health, calculate new active life expectancy measures, and forecast effects of policy change. We illustrate the application of microsimulation to active life expectancy research with a study of interval need, a measure of need for health care and other services focused on resource use. We describe strengths of microsimulation, considerations regarding its use, and directions for future research.},
	keywords = {Active life expectancy, Forecasting, Health expectancy, health policy, Population Health},
	isbn = {978-3-030-37668-0},
	doi = {10.1007/978-3-030-37668-0_9},
	author = {Laditka, Sarah B. and Laditka, James N. and Jagger, Carol},
	editor = {Jagger, Carol and Eileen M. Crimmins and Saito, Yasuhiko and De Carvalho Yokota, Renata Tiene and Van Oyen, Herman and Robine, Jean-Marie}
}
@article {9797,
	title = {Religion, Life Expectancy and Disability-Free Life Expectancy Among Older Women and Men in the United States},
	journal = {The Journals of Gerontology: Series B},
	volume = {74},
	year = {2019},
	pages = {e107{\textendash}e118},
	type = {Journal},
	abstract = {OBJECTIVES
Existing literature shows religion is associated with health and survival separately. We extend this literature by considering health and survival together using a multi-state life table approach to estimate total, disability-free and disabled life expectancy, separately for women and men, for two disability measures, and by two indicators of religion.

METHOD
Data come from the Health and Retirement Study (1998-2014 waves). Predictors include importance of religion and attendance at religious services. The disability measures are defined by ADLs and IADLs. Models control for sociodemographic and health covariates.

RESULTS
Attendance at religious services shows a strong and consistent association with life and health expectancy. Men and women who attend services at least once a week (compared to those who attend less frequently or never) have between 1.1 and 5.1 years longer total life expectancy and between 1.0 and 4.3 years longer ADL disability-free life expectancy. Findings for IADL disability are similar. Importance of religion is related to total and disabled life expectancy (both ADL and IADL), but the differentials are smaller and less consistent. Controlling for sociodemographic and health factors does not explain these associations.

DISCUSSION
By estimating total, disability-free and disabled life expectancy we are able to quantify the advantage of religion for health. Results are consistent with previous studies that have focused on health and mortality separately.},
	keywords = {Disabilities, Gender Differences, Mortality, Religion},
	issn = {1079-5014},
	doi = {10.1093/geronb/gby098},
	url = {https://academic.oup.com/psychsocgerontology/article-abstract/74/8/e107/5078835?redirectedFrom=fulltext},
	author = {Mary Beth Ofstedal and Chi-Tsun Chiu and Jagger, Carol and Saito, Yasuhiko}
}
