@article {7200,
	title = {A multilevel analysis of urban neighborhood socioeconomic disadvantage and health in late life.},
	journal = {Soc Sci Med},
	volume = {66},
	year = {2008},
	month = {2008 Feb},
	pages = {862-72},
	publisher = {66},
	abstract = {<p>The associations between neighborhood context and various indicators of health are receiving growing empirical attention, but much of this research is regionally circumscribed or assumes similar effects across the life course. This study utilizes a U.S. national sample to investigate the association between urban neighborhood socioeconomic disadvantage and health specifically among older adults. Data are from 3442 participants aged 70 years and older in the 1993 Asset and Health Dynamics Among the Oldest Old (AHEAD) Study, and the 1990 U.S. Census. Our approach underscores the importance of multiple dimensions of health (self-reported physician-diagnosed cardiovascular disease [CVD], functional status, and self-rated health) as well as multiple dimensions of neighborhood disadvantage, which are conceptualized as environmental hazards that may lead to a physiologically consequential stress response. We find that individual-level factors attenuate the association between neighborhood disadvantage and both CVD and functional status, but not self-rated health. Net of covariates, high neighborhood socioeconomic disadvantage is significantly associated with reporting poor health. In late life, neighborhood socioeconomic disadvantage is more consequential to subjective appraisals of health than diagnosed CVD or functional limitations.</p>},
	keywords = {Aged, Female, Health Behavior, Health Status Disparities, Humans, Male, Poverty, Small-Area Analysis, Socioeconomic factors, United States, Urban Population},
	issn = {0277-9536},
	doi = {10.1016/j.socscimed.2007.11.002},
	author = {Richard G Wight and Janet R. Cummings and Miller-Martinez, Dana and Arun S Karlamangla and Teresa Seeman and Carol S Aneshensel}
}
@article {7087,
	title = {Urban neighborhood context, educational attainment, and cognitive function among older adults.},
	journal = {Am J Epidemiol},
	volume = {163},
	year = {2006},
	month = {2006 Jun 15},
	pages = {1071-8},
	publisher = {163},
	abstract = {<p>Existing research has not addressed the potential impact of neighborhood context--educational attainment of neighbors in particular--on individual-level cognition among older adults. Using hierarchical linear modeling, the authors analyzed data from the 1993 Study of Assets and Health Dynamics Among the Oldest Old (AHEAD), a large, nationally representative sample of US adults born before 1924. Data from participants residing in urban neighborhoods (n = 3,442) were linked with 1990 US Census tract data. Findings indicate that 1) average cognitive function varies significantly across US Census tracts; 2) older adults living in low-education areas fare less well cognitively than those living in high-education areas, net of individual characteristics, including their own education; 3) this association is sustained when controlling for contextual-level median household income; and 4) the effect of individual-level educational attainment differs across neighborhoods of varying educational profiles. Promoting educational attainment among the general population living in disadvantaged neighborhoods may prove cognitively beneficial to its aging residents because it may lead to meliorations in stressful life conditions and coping deficiencies.</p>},
	keywords = {Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Chi-Square Distribution, Cognition Disorders, Educational Status, Female, Humans, Linear Models, Male, Residence Characteristics, Risk Factors, Socioeconomic factors, United States, Urban Population},
	issn = {0002-9262},
	doi = {10.1093/aje/kwj176},
	author = {Richard G Wight and Carol S Aneshensel and Miller-Martinez, Dana and Amanda L. Botticello and Janet R. Cummings and Arun S Karlamangla and Teresa Seeman}
}
