@article {10926, title = {Interactive Effects of Chronic Health Conditions And Financial Hardship On Episodic Memory Among Older Blacks: Findings From The Health And Retirement Study}, journal = {Research in Human Development}, volume = {17}, year = {2020}, month = {2020/01/02}, pages = {41 - 56}, abstract = {Previous research links chronic health conditions and financial hardship to cognitive outcomes among older Blacks. However, few studies have explored the moderating effect of financial hardship on chronic disease burden and specific cognitive domains. This study examined whether financial hardship (as measured by difficulty paying monthly bills) modifies the impact of self-reported chronic health conditions (e.g., diabetes, stroke) on episodic memory among 871 older Blacks (50+ years) in the 2006 Health and Retirement Study . Financial hardship modified the association between chronic disease burden and episodic memory performance such that individuals who reported very little difficulty paying their monthly bills had significantly lower memory scores at high levels of disease burden compared to those reporting high financial difficulty after controlling for age, gender and education (F 2, 49 = 5.03, p = .010). This cross-sectional study suggests that both financial and physical wellbeing may have joint effects on cognitive health in older Blacks.}, keywords = {Chronic disease, Cognition, Financial hardship}, isbn = {1542-7609}, doi = {10.1080/15427609.2020.1746159}, author = {Byrd, DeAnnah R. and Gonzales, Ernest and Beatty Moody, Danielle L. and Gillian L Marshall and Laura B Zahodne and Roland J. Thorpe Jr. and Keith E Whitfield} } @article {8480, title = {Older adults with poor self-rated memory have less depressive symptoms and better memory performance when perceived self-efficacy is high.}, journal = {Int J Geriatr Psychiatry}, volume = {31}, year = {2016}, month = {2016 07}, pages = {783-90}, abstract = {

OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether self-efficacy moderates the association between self-rated memory and depressive symptoms in a large sample of older adults. The influence of self-efficacy and depressive symptoms on memory performance was also examined in a subsample of individuals who reported poor memory.

METHODS: Non-demented participants (n = 3766) were selected from the 2012 wave of the Health and Retirement Study. Depressive symptomatology was assessed with the 8-item Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale. A modified version of the Midlife Developmental Inventory Questionnaire was used as the measure of self-efficacy. Participants were asked to rate their memory presently on a five-point scale from Excellent (1) to Poor (5). Immediate memory and delayed memory (after a 5-min interval) were measured by the number of correct words recalled from a 10-item word list.

RESULTS: Multiple regression analyses revealed that negative ratings of memory were significantly associated with greater levels of depressive symptoms, with this effect being greatest in those with low levels of self-efficacy. Additionally, greater self-efficacy was associated with optimal objective memory performances but only when depressive symptoms were low in individuals who reported poor memory function (n = 1196).

CONCLUSION: Self-efficacy moderates the relationship between self-rated memory function and depressive symptoms. Higher self-efficacy may buffer against the impact of subjective memory difficulty on one{\textquoteright}s mood and thereby mitigating the effect of depressive symptoms on memory. Interventions should focus on increasing perceived self-efficacy in older adults reporting poor memory function to potentially minimize memory impairment.

}, keywords = {Aged, Aged, 80 and over, depression, Female, Humans, Male, Memory, Middle Aged, Regression Analysis, Self Efficacy, Surveys and Questionnaires}, issn = {1099-1166}, doi = {10.1002/gps.4392}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26679474}, author = {O{\textquoteright}Shea, Deirdre M and Vonetta M Dotson and Fieo, Robert A and Tsapanou, Angeliki and Laura B Zahodne and Stern, Yaakov} }