@inbook {5260,
	title = {Inter-Cohort Variation in the Consequences of U.S. Military Service for Men{\textquoteright}s Mid- to Late-Life Body Mass Index Trajectories},
	booktitle = {A Life Course Perspective on Health Trajectories and Transitions},
	year = {2015},
	pages = {133-154},
	publisher = {Springer},
	organization = {Springer},
	address = {New York},
	abstract = {Body mass index (BMI) is an important health indicator that changes with age and may be shaped in important ways by prior military service. While a high proportion of older men in the United States served in the military, to date, there has been no longitudinal, population-representative study of veteran status differences in men s mid- to late-life BMI trajectories. In this chapter, we use data from the 1992 2010 Health and Retirement Study (HRS) and growth curve models to examine veteran status differences in mid- to late-life BMI trajectories for cohorts of men born in the United States during the first half of the twentieth century. Without any controls in the models, veterans exhibit lower BMI, on average, than non-veterans. Once we add controls for birth cohort, early-life characteristics that occur prior to military service, potentially mediating mid- to late-life characteristics, and methodological controls for proxy report, attrition, and death during the study period, the effect of veteran status is small, marginally significant, and positive net of other factors, veterans are marginally heavier than their non-veteran counterparts. Taken together, our analyses demonstrate the large effect of the secular trend in increased weight across the population younger cohorts are substantially heavier than older cohorts regardless of their veteran status and a substantively small but consistent, positive intra-cohort effect of veteran status.},
	keywords = {Demographics, Health Conditions and Status, Methodology},
	author = {Janet M Wilmoth and Andrew S London and Christine L Himes},
	editor = {Burton-Jeangros, Claudine and Cullati, St{\'e}phane and Sacker, Amanda and Blane, David}
}
@article {5715,
	title = {Examining the Relationships between Excess Body Weight, Health and Disability},
	year = {2008},
	institution = {Office of the Assistant Secretary for Planning and Evaluation},
	address = {Washington, D.C.},
	abstract = {The recent rise in the prevalence of obesity and overweight in the overall United States population has raised many concerns about the future. In addition to concerns about the medical costs of treating obesity-related illness, an apparent correlation between obesity and disability has led to concern that the recent declines in rates of disability among the elderly may cease or reverse. In this report, we explore the relationship between excess weight and obesity in a series of cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses in an attempt to evaluate these concerns. Using data from the 1998-2004 waves of the Health and Retirement Study (HRS), we find evidence that the risks of developing difficulties with activities of daily living (ADLs) does increase with the prevalence of obesity, but the effects appear to be less dramatic than the effects on the limitations in physical functioning, which can be precursors of ADL disability. Further, we find only a weak relationship between excess weight and the onset of difficulties with instrumental activities of daily living (IADLs).},
	keywords = {Health Conditions and Status},
	url = {https://aspe.hhs.gov/basic-report/examining-relationships-between-excess-body-weight-health-and-disability},
	author = {Timothy A Waidmann and Vicki A Freedman and Christine L Himes and Ahmad, Saad}
}
