@article {10597,
	title = {Does Gender Matter in the Receipt of Informal Care Among Community-dwelling Older Adults? Evidence from a Cross-National Comparative Study across the United States, South Korea, and China},
	journal = {The Journals of Gerontology: Series B},
	volume = {76},
	year = {2021},
	pages = {S64-S75},
	abstract = {This study compares patterns of gender difference in the receipt of informal care among community-dwelling older adults across the United States, Korea, and China where family-oriented systems for providing care to older adults are emphasized.Data came from the 2014 Health and Retirement Study, the 2014 Korea Longitudinal Study of Aging, and the 2015 China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study. Logistic regression models were used to predict the receipt of informal care by gender. We also examined how the effects of health and living arrangement on the receipt of informal care differ depending on gender.In the United States and China, older women were more likely to receive informal care than men. However, older Korean women were less likely to receive informal care than men. The effects of health and living arrangement on the use of informal care were moderated by gender in different ways across countries.This study provides evidence that patterns of gender differences in the receipt of informal care vary across the three countries. More attention needs to be paid to the design and implementation of long-term supports and services to address the unique patterns of gender difference in care arrangement in each country.},
	keywords = {Caregiving, CHARLS, Disability, gender, KLoSA, Living arrangement},
	issn = {1079-5014},
	doi = {10.1093/geronb/gbaa018},
	author = {Kwak, Minyoung and Kim,, BoRin and Lee, Hyunjoo and Jiaan Zhang}
}
@article {MCLAUGHLIN202021,
	title = {Educational differences in trajectories and determinants of healthy ageing in midlife and older Americans},
	journal = {Maturitas},
	volume = {134},
	year = {2020},
	pages = {21 - 28},
	abstract = {Objectives To advance knowledge of the influence of educational level on trajectories and determinants of healthy ageing in midlife and older Americans. Study design Data are from the Health and Retirement Study, a nationally representative, longitudinal survey of Americans age 51 and over. We used generalized estimating equations to examine trajectories and determinants of healthy ageing by level of education among 17,591 adults followed over a 14-year period. Educational level was categorized as less than a high school diploma, high school diploma, some college education, and a college or higher degree. Potential determinants included demographic factors, early-life characteristics (childhood health and childhood poverty), health-related factors (health behaviours, physical and mental health conditions), and psychosocial characteristics (perceived neighbourhood safety, volunteerism, and work status). Main outcome measures Informed by earlier work, we defined healthy ageing as freedom from cognitive impairment, freedom from disability, and high physical functioning. Results The log odds of healthy ageing declined over time in all educational groups. Importantly, the decline was smaller in adults with a college or higher degree than in those without a high school diploma. Age, gender, wealth, health behaviours, productive engagement, depressive symptoms, and the presence of chronic conditions predicted healthy ageing across the educational spectrum; however, the impact of several factors (age, gender, race/ethnicity, childhood poverty, and volunteerism) varied by educational level. Conclusions Education shapes trajectories of healthy ageing in the United States. Similarities and differences in determinants of healthy ageing are evident across levels of education. Findings highlight broad-based and education-specific targets for intervention.},
	keywords = {longitudinal, socioeconomic status, Successful ageing},
	issn = {0378-5122},
	doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.maturitas.2020.01.002},
	url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0378512219304414},
	author = {Sara J McLaughlin and Seonjin Kim and Lydia W Li and Jiaan Zhang}
}
