@article {13242, title = {Association of Joint Genetic and Social Environmental Risks With Incident Myocardial Infarction: Results From the Health and Retirement Study.}, journal = {J Am Heart Assoc}, volume = {12}, year = {2023}, pages = {e028200}, abstract = {

Background Myocardial infarction (MI) is a significant clinical and public health problem worldwide. However, little research has assessed the interplay between genetic susceptibility and social environment in the development of MI. Methods and Results Data were from the HRS~(Health and Retirement Study). The polygenic risk score and polysocial score for MI were classified as low, intermediate, and high. Using Cox regression models, we assessed the race-specific association of polygenic score and polysocial score with MI and examined the association between polysocial score and MI in each polygenic risk score category. We also examined the joint effect of genetic (low, intermediate, and high) and social environmental risks (low/intermediate, high) on MI. A total of 612 Black and 4795 White adults aged >=65 years initially free of MI were included. We found a risk gradient of MI across the polygenic risk score and polysocial score among White participants; no significant risk gradient across the polygenic risk score was found among Black participants. A disadvantaged social environment was associated with a higher risk of incident MI among older White adults with intermediate and high genetic risk but not those with low genetic risk. We revealed the joint effect of genetics and social environment in the development of MI among White participants. Conclusions Living in a favorable social environment is particularly important for people with intermediate and high genetic risk for MI. It is critical to developing tailored interventions to improve social environment for disease prevention, especially among adults with a relatively high genetic risk.

}, keywords = {Adult, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Humans, Myocardial Infarction, Proportional Hazards Models, Retirement, Risk Factors}, issn = {2047-9980}, doi = {10.1161/JAHA.122.028200}, author = {Tang, Junhan and Sheng, Chen and Wu, Yan Yan and Yan, Lijing L and Wu, Chenkai} } @article {6497, title = {Association of retirement age with mortality: a population-based longitudinal study among older adults in the USA.}, journal = {J Epidemiol Community Health}, volume = {70}, year = {2016}, month = {2016 Sep}, pages = {917-23}, abstract = {

BACKGROUND: Retirement is an important transitional process in later life. Despite a large body of research examining the impacts of health on retirement, questions still remain regarding the association of retirement age with survival. We aimed to examine the association between retirement age and mortality among healthy and unhealthy retirees and to investigate whether sociodemographic factors modified this association.

METHODS: On the basis of the Health and Retirement Study, 2956 participants who were working at baseline (1992) and completely retired during the follow-up period from 1992 to 2010 were included. Healthy retirees (n=1934) were defined as individuals who self-reported health was not an important reason to retire. The association of retirement age with all-cause mortality was analysed using the Cox model. Sociodemographic effect modifiers of the relation were examined.

RESULTS: Over the study period, 234 healthy and 262 unhealthy retirees died. Among healthy retirees, a 1-year older age at retirement was associated with an 11\% lower risk of all-cause mortality (95\% CI 8\% to 15\%), independent of a wide range of sociodemographic, lifestyle and health confounders. Similarly, unhealthy retirees (n=1022) had a lower all-cause mortality risk when retiring later (HR 0.91, 95\% CI 0.88 to 0.94). None of the sociodemographic factors were found to modify the association of retirement age with all-cause mortality.

CONCLUSIONS: Early retirement may be a risk factor for mortality and prolonged working life may provide survival benefits among US adults.

}, keywords = {Adult, Aged, Female, Health Status, Humans, Life Expectancy, Life Style, Longitudinal Studies, Male, Middle Aged, Mortality, Premature, Retirement, Risk Factors, United States}, issn = {1470-2738}, doi = {10.1136/jech-2015-207097}, url = {http://jech.bmj.com/content/early/2016/03/21/jech-2015-207097.abstract}, author = {Wu, Chenkai and Michelle C Odden and Gwenith G Fisher and Stawski, Robert S} }