@article {12252,
	title = {Exploring Rural-Urban Differences in Polygenic Associations for Health among Older Adults in the United States},
	journal = {Journal of Rural Social Sciences},
	volume = {37},
	year = {2022},
	pages = {art 4},
	abstract = {A complex combination of genes and environment influence health and,
as a result, both genes and environment can play a role in shaping health
disparities. We consider distinctions in these influences across rural and
urban settings, expanding upon work that shows lower genetic
associations in rural compared to urban places by studying an older age
group and examining more than the typical outcomes of alcohol/substance
abuse. Using a sample of 14,994 adults from the 1992 through 2016
waves of the Health and Retirement Study, our results suggest genetic
associations for BMI and heart conditions are significantly lower in rural
compared to urban settings. We do not find evidence in support of this
association for depression and smoking. In sum, the results suggest the
gene-environment interaction may play a role in the well-documented
disparities across rural and urban places within the United States, further
highlighting the importance of the social, economic, and built
environments for individual health.},
	keywords = {Gene-Environment Interaction, Health Disparities, health outcomes, rural-urban},
	url = {https://egrove.olemiss.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1499\&context=jrss},
	author = {Davidson, Trent and Boardman, Jason D and Hunter, Lori M.}
}
@article {11455,
	title = {Utilizing genome wide data to highlight the social behavioral pathways to health: The case of obesity and cardiovascular health among older adults},
	journal = {Social Science \& Medicine},
	volume = {273},
	year = {2021},
	pages = {113766},
	abstract = {We use genome-wide data from the 1992{\textendash}2016 Health and Retirement Study (n = 12,090) to characterize obesity among older adults as genetically or socially oriented. To illustrate the significance of this approach for social epidemiological research, we deem those with the lowest genetic risk for obesity to be socially-behaviorally obese and obesity among those with the highest polygenic risk is characterized as genetically oriented. We then examine the association between obesity and four indicators of cardiovascular health (type-2 diabetes, hypertension, heart problems, and stroke) among those with low, average, and high genetic risk. Our results show that the association between obesity and cardiovascular health is significantly higher for those with the lowest genetic risk (e.g., social-behavioral obesity). We also demonstrate important sex differences such that this association is particularly strong for heart problems among men and hypertension and stroke among women. Our results further demonstrate the centrality of the social and behavioral determinants of health by utilizing detailed information across the human genome and add to both social and genetic epidemiology literatures.},
	keywords = {Behavioral genetics, Diabetes, GxE interaction, Health and Retirement Study, Heart problems, Hypertension, Obesity, Stroke},
	isbn = {0277-9536},
	doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2021.113766},
	author = {Davidson, Trent and Vinneau-Palarino, Justin and Joshua A Goode and Jason D Boardman}
}
