@article {6865, title = {The labor market consequences of race differences in health.}, journal = {Milbank Q}, volume = {81}, year = {2003}, month = {2003}, pages = {441-73}, publisher = {81}, keywords = {Adult, Age Distribution, Age Factors, Attitude to Health, Black or African American, Cross-Cultural Comparison, Data Interpretation, Statistical, Employment, Female, Health Services Needs and Demand, Health Status Indicators, Humans, Indians, North American, Male, Middle Aged, Sex Distribution, Sex Factors, Socioeconomic factors, United States, White People}, issn = {0887-378X}, doi = {10.1111/1468-0009.t01-1-00063}, author = {John Bound and Timothy A Waidmann and Michael Schoenbaum and Bingenheimer,Jeffrey B.} } @article {5488, title = {The Value of the Medicare Benefit for Social Security Disability Insurance Recipients and Applicants}, year = {2002}, institution = {RAND Corporation}, address = {Santa Monica, CA}, keywords = {Disabilities, Medicare/Medicaid/Health Insurance, Social Security}, author = {Bhattacharya, Jay and Michael Schoenbaum} } @article {5425, title = {Modeling the Effect of Health on Retirement}, year = {2000}, note = {RDA 2000-007}, institution = {National Bureau of Economic Research}, keywords = {Health Conditions and Status, Retirement Planning and Satisfaction}, author = {John Bound and Michael Schoenbaum and Todd R. Stinebrickner and Timothy A Waidmann} } @article {6652, title = {The Dynamic Effects of Health on the Labor Force Transitions of Older Workers}, journal = {Labour Economics}, volume = {6}, year = {1999}, pages = {179-202}, publisher = {6}, abstract = {This article analyzes the relationship between health and alternative labor force transitions, including labor force exit, job change, and application for disability insurance. Health is a very significant determinant of labor force patterns. Controlling for lagged values of health, poor contemporaneous health is strongly related to older men and women{\textquoteright}s exit from the labor force and their decisions to apply for disability insurance. Controlling for poor contemporaneous health, poor lagged health is associated with continued participation in the work force. The earlier a health shock occurs, the less likely it is to lead to labor force exit. People who experience health setbacks earlier in life tend to switch jobs instead of stopping to work. Results suggest that both poor health and declines in health are significant variables that help to explain retirement behavior.}, keywords = {Demographics, Employment and Labor Force, Health Conditions and Status}, doi = {10.1016/S0927-5371(99)00015-9}, author = {John Bound and Michael Schoenbaum and Todd R. Stinebrickner and Timothy A Waidmann} } @article {6572, title = {Do smokers understand the mortality effects of smoking? Evidence from the Health and Retirement Survey.}, journal = {Am J Public Health}, volume = {87}, year = {1997}, month = {1997 May}, pages = {755-9}, publisher = {87}, abstract = {

OBJECTIVES: This study examined whether smokers recognize that smoking is likely to shorten their lives and, if so, whether they understand the magnitude of this effect.

METHODS: People{\textquoteright}s expectations about their chances of reaching age 75 were compared with epidemiological predictions from life tables for never, former, current light, and current heavy smokers. Data on expectations of reaching age 75 came from the Health and Retirement Survey, a national probability sample of adults aged 50 through 62 years. Predictions came from smoking-specific life tables constituted from the 1986 National Mortality Followback Survey and the 1985 and 1987 National Health Interview Surveys.

RESULTS: Among men and women, the survival expectations of never, former, and current light smokers were close to actual predictions. However, among current heavy smokers, expectations of reaching age 75 were nearly twice as high as actuarial predictions.

CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that at least heavy smokers significantly underestimate their risk of premature mortality.

}, keywords = {Cognition, Female, Health Surveys, Humans, Life Tables, Longevity, Male, Middle Aged, Retirement, Risk, Sex Factors, Smoking, Survival Analysis}, issn = {0090-0036}, doi = {10.2105/ajph.87.5.755}, author = {Michael Schoenbaum} } @article {6571, title = {Race, Socioeconomic Status, and Health: Accounting for race differences in health}, journal = {The Journals of Gerontology, Series B: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences}, volume = {52B}, year = {1997}, pages = {61-73}, publisher = {52B}, abstract = {This article uses the Asset and Health Dynamics Among the Oldest Old (AHEAD) study to examine the extent to which observed differences in the prevalence of chronic conditions and functional limitations between Black and White adults (aged 70 ) in the United States can be attributed to differences in various aspects of socioeconomic status (SES) between these groups. We use linear and logistic regression techniques to model the relationships between health outcomes and SES. Our findings indicate that race differences in measurable socioeconomic characteristics indeed explain a substantial fraction, but in general not all, of Black/White differences in health status. While our findings do not suggest that low SES directly causes poor health, any more than being Black does so, they do suggest that research and policy intended to address the deficit in health status among Blacks (when compared to Whites) in the U.S. would be well-served to begin with the deficit in wealth, education, and other SES measures.}, keywords = {Demographics, Health Conditions and Status, Public Policy}, author = {Michael Schoenbaum and Timothy A Waidmann} } @article {6542, title = {Race Differences in Labor Force Attachment and Disability Status}, journal = {The Gerontologist}, volume = {36}, year = {1996}, pages = {311-21.}, publisher = {36}, abstract = {We used the first wave of the Health and Retirement Survey to study the effect of health on the labor force activity of black and white men and women in their 50s. The evidence we present confirms the notion that health is an extremely important determinant of early labor force exit. Our estimates suggest that health differences between blacks and whites can account for most of the racial gap in labor force attachment for men. For women, when participation rates are comparable, our estimates imply that black women would be substantially more likely to work than white women were it not for the marked health differences. We also found for both men and women that poor health has a substantially larger effect on labor force behavior for blacks. The evidence suggests that these differences result from black/white differences in access to the resources necessary to retire.}, keywords = {Demographics, Disabilities, Employment and Labor Force, Health Conditions and Status, Methodology, Other, Women and Minorities}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1093/geront/36.3.311}, url = {https://academic.oup.com/gerontologist/article/36/3/311/705045}, author = {John Bound and Michael Schoenbaum and Timothy A Waidmann} } @article {6537, title = {Race and Education Differences in Disability Status and Labor Force Attachment in the Health and Retirement Study}, journal = {The Journal of Human Resources}, volume = {30}, year = {1995}, pages = {S227-S267}, publisher = {30}, abstract = {This article examines the various effects of health problems, functional limitations, socioeconomic characteristics, and job characteristics on the disability and labor market status of black and white men. Results show that measures of current health status are significant predictors of both labor force participation and self-reported disability status of men aged 50-61. Differences in health status and functional ability between this cohort of black and white men does account for some of the differences in labor force attachment. Health differences between men with different education levels seem to account for all of the gap in labor force attachment between the two groups. Results also suggest that job characteristics affect the manner in which adults adapt to the onset of health limitations and their ability to continue working.}, keywords = {Demographics, Employment and Labor Force, Health Conditions and Status}, author = {John Bound and Michael Schoenbaum and Timothy A Waidmann} }