@article {13729, title = {Residential greenspace and major depression among older adults living in urban and suburban areas with different climates across the United States.}, journal = {Environmental Research}, volume = {243}, year = {2024}, pages = {117844}, abstract = {

BACKGROUND AND AIM: Residential greenspace could alleviate depression - a leading cause of disability. Fewer studies of depression and greenspace have considered major depression, and, to our knowledge, none have considered how climate, which determines vegetation abundance and type, may change the impacts of greenspace. Our aim was to investigate whether residential greenspace is associated with major depression among older adults and explore effect modification by climate.

METHODS: We used biennial interviews between 2008 and 2016 from the Health and Retirement Study. We calculated greenness within walking distance of home addresses as the maximum NDVI for the year of each participant interview averaged within a 1~km buffer. Reflecting clinical criteria, a score of >=5 on the CIDI-SF indicated major depression in the preceding 12-months. We characterized climate using K{\"o}ppen-Geiger classifications. To estimate prevalence ratios, we used Poisson regression. Our models adjusted for sociodemographic characteristics, geography, annual sunshine, and bluespace.

RESULTS: The 21,611 eligible participants were 65~{\textpm}~10 years old on average, 55\% female, 81\% White, 12\% Black, 10\% Hispanic/Latino, and 31\% had at least a 4-year college degree. The 12-month prevalence of a major depression was 8\%. In adjusted models, more residential greenspace was associated with a lower prevalence of major depression (prevalence ratio per IQR, 0.91; 95\% CI, 0.84 to 0.98). There was evidence of effect modification by climate (P forinteraction, 0.062). We observed stronger associations in tropical (prevalence ratio per IQR 0.69; 95\% CI, 0.47 to 1.01) and cold (prevalence ratio per IQR, 0.83; 95\% CI, 0.74 to 0.93) climates compared to arid (prevalence ratio per IQR 0.99; 95\% CI, 0.90 to 1.09) and temperate (prevalence ratio per IQR 0.98; 95\% CI, 0.86 to 1.11) climates.

CONCLUSIONS: Residential greenspace may help reduce major depression. However, climate may influence how people benefit from greenspace.

}, keywords = {Aged, depression, Depressive Disorder, Major, Environmental Exposure, Female, Humans, Male, Mental Health, Middle Aged, Parks, Recreational, United States}, issn = {1096-0953}, doi = {10.1016/j.envres.2023.117844}, author = {Fossa, Alan J and D{\textquoteright}Souza, Jennifer and Bergmans, Rachel and Zivin, Kara and Adar, Sara D} } @article {9976, title = {Depression, food insecurity and diabetic morbidity: Evidence from the Health and Retirement Study.}, journal = {Journal of Psychosomatic Research}, volume = {117}, year = {2019}, pages = {22-29}, abstract = {

OBJECTIVE: This study examined whether diabetic morbidity mediates the relationship of food insecurity with depression among older adults with diabetes.

METHODS: Data came from the 2010-2014 waves of the Health and Retirement Study and analyses were limited to respondents with diabetes (n = 2951). Depression was indexed by the 8-item Centers for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale. Weighted logistic regression was used to examine relationships of food insecurity and diabetic morbidity with depressive symptoms, both cross-sectionally and longitudinally. Path analysis quantified the contribution of diabetic morbidity as a mediation of the relationship of food insecurity with depressive symptoms.

RESULTS: Food insecurity was associated with having poor diabetes control (odds ratio (OR) = 1.7; 95\% confidence interval (CI) = 1.1-2.5) and diabetes-related kidney problems (OR = 1.6; 95\% CI = 1.1-2.5). Additionally, food insecurity was associated with depression contemporaneously (OR = 2.0, 95\% CI = 1.7-2.4) and longitudinally (OR = 1.5, 95\% CI = 1.3-1.8). However, food insecurity was no longer associated with depression when adjusting for diabetic morbidity. In path analyses, diabetic morbidity explained 12.7\% (p-value = .04) of the association of food insecurity with depressive symptoms in 2012 and 18.5\% (p-value = .09) of the association with depressive symptoms in 2014.

CONCLUSION: The relationship of food insecurity with depression was attributable to worse diabetes morbidity. Interventions that reduce food insecurity among older adults with diabetes may improve disease management and reduce depression severity.

}, keywords = {Depressive symptoms, Diabetes, Racial/ethnic differences}, issn = {1879-1360}, doi = {10.1016/j.jpsychores.2018.12.007}, author = {Rachel S. Bergmans and Zivin, Kara and Briana Mezuk} } @article {10138, title = {Food insecurity and geriatric hospitalization.}, journal = {International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health}, volume = {16}, year = {2019}, pages = {E2294}, abstract = {Food insecurity (FI) has been associated with hospitalization, although the pathways underlying this relationship are poorly understood, in part due to the potential for a bidirectional relationship. This study aimed to determine associations of FI with concurrent and future hospitalization among older adults; mediation by depression and; whether hospitalization increased risk of FI. Participants came from the 2012 and 2014 waves of the Health and Retirement Study (HRS; = 13,664). HRS is a prospective cohort representative of U.S. adults over the age of 50. Primary analyses included those who were not hospitalized in 2012 ( = 11,776). Not having enough money to buy necessary food or eating less than desired defined food insecurity. The Composite International Diagnostic Interview Short Form provided depression symptomology. Logistic and linear regression examined concurrent and longitudinal associations of FI in 2012 and 2014 with hospitalization in 2014. Path analysis tested mediation of FI with hospitalization frequency by depression symptomology. Finally, logistic regression examined whether hospitalization in 2012 was longitudinally associated with FI in 2014. FI was not associated with future hospitalization (odds ratio (OR) = 1.1; 95\% confidence interval (CI) = 0.9-1.4), however; FI was associated with concurrent hospitalization status (OR = 1.4; 95\% CI = 1.1-1.8). Depression symptomology explained 17.4\% (95\% CI = 2.8-32.0\%) the association of FI with concurrent hospitalization frequency. Additionally, hospitalization was associated with becoming food insecure (OR = 1.5; 95\% CI = 1.2-2.0). Findings may inform best practices for hospital discharge among older adults.}, keywords = {Food insecurity, Hospitalization, Risk Factors}, issn = {1660-4601}, doi = {10.3390/ijerph16132294}, author = {Rachel S. Bergmans and Briana Mezuk and Zivin, Kara} } @article {10503, title = {Perceived sleep quality, coping behavior, and associations with major depression among older adults}, journal = {Journal of Health Psychology}, year = {2019}, note = {doi: 10.1177/1359105319891650}, month = {2019/12/11}, pages = {1359105319891650}, abstract = {In older adults, we determined (1) the association of perceived sleep quality with stress-coping behaviors (drinking alcohol, smoking tobacco, medication/drug use, overeating, prayer, exercise, social support, and treatment from a health professional) and (2) whether coping behavior mediated the relationship of perceived sleep quality with depression. Data came from the US Health and Retirement Study 2008?2010 (n?=?1174). Using logistic regression, poor perceived sleep quality was associated with medication/drug use (odds ratio?=?2.9; 95\% confidence interval?=?1.4?6.0) and overeating (odds ratio?=?1.6; 95\% confidence interval?=?1.1?2.5). However, using structural equation modeling, coping behavior did not mediate the relationship of perceived sleep quality with depression symptomology (p?=?0.14).}, keywords = {depression, Sleep}, isbn = {1359-1053}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1177/1359105319891650}, author = {Rachel S. Bergmans and Zivin, Kara and Briana Mezuk} } @article {8287, title = {Antidepressant Use and Cognitive Decline: The Health and Retirement Study.}, journal = {Am J Med}, volume = {128}, year = {2015}, month = {2015 Jul}, pages = {739-46}, publisher = {128}, abstract = {

BACKGROUND: Depression is associated with cognitive impairment and dementia, but whether treatment for depression with antidepressants reduces the risk for cognitive decline is unclear. We assessed the association between antidepressant use and cognitive decline over 6 years.

METHODS: Participants were 3714 adults aged 50 years or more who were enrolled in the nationally representative Health and Retirement Study and had self-reported antidepressant use. Depressive symptoms were assessed using the 8-item Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale. Cognitive function was assessed at 4 time points (2004, 2006, 2008, 2010) using a validated 27-point scale. Change in cognitive function over the 6-year follow-up period was examined using linear growth models, adjusted for demographics, depressive symptoms, comorbidities, functional limitations, and antidepressant anticholinergic activity load.

RESULTS: At baseline, cognitive function did not differ significantly between the 445 (12.1\%) participants taking antidepressants and those not taking antidepressants (mean, 14.9\%; 95\% confidence interval, 14.3-15.4 vs mean, 15.1\%; 95\% confidence interval, 14.9-15.3). During the 6-year follow up period, cognition declined in both users and nonusers of antidepressants, ranging from -1.4 change in mean score in those with high depressive symptoms and taking antidepressants to -0.5 change in mean score in those with high depressive symptoms and not taking antidepressants. In adjusted models, cognition declined in people taking antidepressants at the same rate as those not taking antidepressants. Results remained consistent across different levels of baseline cognitive function, age, and duration of antidepressant use (prolonged vs short-term).

CONCLUSIONS: Antidepressant use did not modify the course of 6-year cognitive change in this nationally representative sample.

}, keywords = {Age Distribution, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Antidepressive Agents, Cognition, Cross-Sectional Studies, Depressive Disorder, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Geriatric Assessment, Humans, Incidence, Male, Middle Aged, Reference Values, Risk Assessment, Sex Distribution, Surveys and Questionnaires, United States}, issn = {1555-7162}, doi = {10.1016/j.amjmed.2015.01.007}, author = {Jane S Saczynski and Allison B Rosen and Ryan J McCammon and Zivin, Kara and Susan E. Andrade and Kenneth M. Langa and Sandeep Vijan and Paul A Pirraglia and Becky A. Briesacher} } @article {7602, title = {Job strain, depressive symptoms, and drinking behavior among older adults: results from the health and retirement study.}, journal = {J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci}, volume = {66}, year = {2011}, month = {2011 Jul}, pages = {426-34}, publisher = {66B}, abstract = {

OBJECTIVE: To examine the relationship between job strain and two indicators of mental health, depression and alcohol misuse, among currently employed older adults.

METHOD: Data come from the 2004 and 2006 waves of the Health and Retirement Study (N = 2,902). Multivariable logistic regression modeling was used to determine the association between job strain, indicated by the imbalance of job stress and job satisfaction, with depression and alcohol misuse.

RESULTS: High job strain (indicated by high job stress combined with low job satisfaction) was associated with elevated depressive symptoms (odds ratio [OR] = 2.98, 95\% confidence interval [CI]: 1.99-4.45) relative to low job strain after adjusting for sociodemographic characteristics, labor force status, and occupation. High job stress combined with high job satisfaction (OR = 1.93) and low job stress combined with low job satisfaction (OR = 1.94) were also associated with depressive symptoms to a lesser degree. Job strain was unrelated to either moderate or heavy drinking. These associations did not vary by gender or age.

DISCUSSION: Job strain is associated with elevated depressive symptoms among older workers. In contrast to results from investigations of younger workers, job strain was unrelated to alcohol misuse. These findings can inform the development and implementation of workplace health promotion programs that reflect the mental health needs of the aging workforce.

}, keywords = {Age Factors, Aged, Alcoholism, Cohort Studies, Depressive Disorder, Female, Health Behavior, Health Surveys, Humans, Job Satisfaction, Logistic Models, Male, Middle Aged, Multivariate Analysis, Prospective Studies, Retirement, Sex Factors, Statistics as Topic, Stress, Psychological, United States}, issn = {1758-5368}, doi = {10.1093/geronb/gbr021}, author = {Briana Mezuk and Amy S B Bohnert and Scott M Ratliff and Zivin, Kara} }