@article {9976, title = {Depression, food insecurity and diabetic morbidity: Evidence from the Health and Retirement Study.}, journal = {Journal of Psychosomatic Research}, volume = {117}, year = {2019}, pages = {22-29}, abstract = {

OBJECTIVE: This study examined whether diabetic morbidity mediates the relationship of food insecurity with depression among older adults with diabetes.

METHODS: Data came from the 2010-2014 waves of the Health and Retirement Study and analyses were limited to respondents with diabetes (n = 2951). Depression was indexed by the 8-item Centers for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale. Weighted logistic regression was used to examine relationships of food insecurity and diabetic morbidity with depressive symptoms, both cross-sectionally and longitudinally. Path analysis quantified the contribution of diabetic morbidity as a mediation of the relationship of food insecurity with depressive symptoms.

RESULTS: Food insecurity was associated with having poor diabetes control (odds ratio (OR) = 1.7; 95\% confidence interval (CI) = 1.1-2.5) and diabetes-related kidney problems (OR = 1.6; 95\% CI = 1.1-2.5). Additionally, food insecurity was associated with depression contemporaneously (OR = 2.0, 95\% CI = 1.7-2.4) and longitudinally (OR = 1.5, 95\% CI = 1.3-1.8). However, food insecurity was no longer associated with depression when adjusting for diabetic morbidity. In path analyses, diabetic morbidity explained 12.7\% (p-value = .04) of the association of food insecurity with depressive symptoms in 2012 and 18.5\% (p-value = .09) of the association with depressive symptoms in 2014.

CONCLUSION: The relationship of food insecurity with depression was attributable to worse diabetes morbidity. Interventions that reduce food insecurity among older adults with diabetes may improve disease management and reduce depression severity.

}, keywords = {Depressive symptoms, Diabetes, Racial/ethnic differences}, issn = {1879-1360}, doi = {10.1016/j.jpsychores.2018.12.007}, author = {Rachel S. Bergmans and Zivin, Kara and Briana Mezuk} } @article {8267, title = {Does Mode of Contact with Different Types of Social Relationships Predict Depression in Older Adults? Evidence from a Nationally Representative Survey}, journal = {Journal of the American Geriatrics Society}, volume = {63}, year = {2015}, pages = {2014}, publisher = {63}, abstract = {ObjectivesTo determine associations between use of three different modes of social contact (in person, telephone, written or e-mail), contact with different types of people, and risk of depressive symptoms in a nationally representative, longitudinal sample of older adults. DesignPopulation-based observational cohort. SettingUrban and suburban communities throughout the contiguous United States. ParticipantsIndividuals aged 50 and older who participated in the Health and Retirement Survey between 2004 and 2010 (N = 11,065). MeasurementsFrequency of participant use of the three modes of social contact with children, other family members, and friends at baseline were used to predict depressive symptoms (measured using the eight-item Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale) 2 years later using multivariable logistic regression models. ResultsProbability of having depressive symptoms steadily increased as frequency of in-personbut not telephone or written or e-mail contactdecreased. After controlling for demographic, clinical, and social variables, individuals with in-person social contact every few months or less with children, other family, and friends had a significantly higher probability of clinically significant depressive symptoms 2 years later (11.5 ) than those having in-person contact once or twice per month (8.1 ; P .001) or once or twice per week (7.3 ; P .001). Older age, interpersonal conflict, and depression at baseline moderated some of the effects of social contact on depressive symptoms. ConclusionFrequency of in-person social contact with friends and family independently predicts risk of subsequent depression in older adults. Clinicians should consider encouraging face-to-face social interactions as a preventive strategy for depression.}, keywords = {Demographics, Health Conditions and Status, Healthcare, Methodology, Retirement Planning and Satisfaction}, author = {Alan R Teo and Choi, Hwajung and Sarah B. Andrea and Marcia A. Valenstein and Jason T Newsom and Dobscha, Steven K. and Zivin, Kara} } @article {8142, title = {Depression and risk of hospitalization for pneumonia in a cohort study of older Americans.}, journal = {J Psychosom Res}, volume = {77}, year = {2014}, note = {Times Cited: 0 0}, month = {2014 Dec}, pages = {528-34}, publisher = {77}, abstract = {

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study is to determine if depression is independently associated with risk of hospitalization for pneumonia after adjusting for demographics, medical comorbidity, health-risk behaviors, baseline cognition and functional impairments.

METHODS: This secondary analysis of prospectively collected data examined a population-based sample of 6704 Health and Retirement Study (HRS) (1998-2008) participants>50years old who consented to have their interviews linked to their Medicare claims and were without a dementia diagnosis. The eight-item Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale and/or International Classification of Disease, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification (ICD-9-CM) depression diagnoses were used to identify baseline depression. ICD-9-CM diagnoses were used to identify hospitalizations for which the principal discharge diagnosis was for bacterial or viral pneumonia. The odds of hospitalization for pneumonia for participants with depression relative to those without depression were estimated using logistic regression models. Population attributable fractions were calculated to determine the extent that hospitalizations for pneumonia could be attributable to depression.

RESULTS: After adjusting for demographic characteristics, clinical factors, and health-risk behaviors, depression was independently associated with increased odds of hospitalization for pneumonia (odds ratio [OR]: 1.28, 95\% confidence interval [95\%CI]: 1.08, 1.53). This association persisted after adjusting for baseline cognition and functional impairments (OR: 1.24, 95\%CI: 1.03, 1.50). In this cohort, 6\% (95\%CI: 2\%, 10\%) of hospitalizations for pneumonia were potentially attributable to depression.

CONCLUSION: Depression is independently associated with increased odds of hospitalization for pneumonia. This study provides additional rationale for integrating mental health care into medical settings in order to improve outcomes for older adults.

}, keywords = {Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Cohort Studies, Comorbidity, depression, Depressive Disorder, Female, Hospitalization, Humans, Logistic Models, Male, Middle Aged, Odds Ratio, Pneumonia, Risk Assessment, Risk Factors, United States}, issn = {1879-1360}, doi = {10.1016/j.jpsychores.2014.08.002}, author = {Dimitry S Davydow and Catherine L Hough and Zivin, Kara and Kenneth M. Langa and Wayne J Katon} } @article {7531, title = {Depression among older adults in the United States and England.}, journal = {Am J Geriatr Psychiatry}, volume = {18}, year = {2010}, month = {2010 Nov}, pages = {1036-44}, publisher = {11}, abstract = {

CONTEXT: Depression negatively affects health and well being among older adults, but there have been no nationally representative comparisons of depression prevalence among older adults in England and the United States.

OBJECTIVE: The authors sought to compare depressive symptoms among older adults in these countries and identify sociodemographic and clinical correlates of depression in these countries.

DESIGN AND SETTING: The authors assessed depressive symptoms in non-Hispanic whites aged 65 years and older in 2002 in two nationally representative, population-based studies: the U.S. Health and Retirement Study and English Longitudinal Study of Ageing.

PARTICIPANTS: A total of 8,295 Health and Retirement Study respondents and 5,208 English Longitudinal Study of Ageing respondents.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The authors measured depressive symptoms using the eight-item Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale. The authors determined whether depressive symptom differences between the United States and England were associated with sociodemographic characteristics, chronic health conditions, and health behaviors.

RESULTS: Significant depressive symptoms (Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale score >=4) were more prevalent in English than U.S. adults (17.6\% versus 14.6\%, adjusted Wald test F([1, 1593]) = 11.4, p < 0.001). Adjusted rates of depressive symptoms in England were 19\% higher compared with the United States (odds ratio: 1.19, 95\% confidence interval: 1.01-1.40). U.S. adults had higher levels of education, and net worth, but lower levels of activities of daily living/instrumental activities of daily living impairments, tobacco use, and cognitive impairment, which may have contributed to relatively lower levels of depressive symptoms in the United States.

CONCLUSIONS: Older adults in the United States had lower rates of depressive symptoms than their English counterparts despite having more chronic health conditions. Future cross-national studies should identify how depression treatment influences outcomes in these populations.

}, keywords = {Aged, Aged, 80 and over, depression, England, Female, Health Behavior, Health Status, Health Surveys, Humans, Male, Prevalence, Risk Factors, United States, White People}, issn = {1545-7214}, doi = {10.1097/JGP.0b013e3181dba6d2}, author = {Zivin, Kara and David J Llewellyn and Iain A Lang and Sandeep Vijan and Mohammed U Kabeto and Erin M Miller and Kenneth M. Langa} }