@article {12182, title = {Minorities and the Health and Retirement Survey: Future Analytic Opportunities and Data Requirements}, year = {2002}, publisher = {National Institute on Aging}, address = {Bethesda, MD}, keywords = {administrative data, health, minorities}, author = {Tienda, Marta} } @article {6707, title = {Pathways to retirement: patterns of labor force participation and labor market exit among the pre-retirement population by race, Hispanic origin, and sex.}, journal = {J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci}, volume = {55}, year = {2000}, month = {2000 Jan}, pages = {S14-27}, publisher = {55B}, abstract = {

OBJECTIVES: This study examines the pre-retirement labor force participation behavior of Black, White, and Hispanic men and women to determine how patterns of labor market exit differ among groups.

METHODS: We combine data from the first and second waves of the Health and Retirement Study and apply multinomial logit regression techniques to model labor force status in the first wave of the HRS and change over time.

RESULTS: Black, Hispanic, and female elderly persons experience more involuntary job separation in the years immediately prior to retirement, and the resulting periods of joblessness often eventuate in "retirement" or labor force withdrawal. Minority disadvantage in human capital, health, and employment characteristics accounts for a large part of racial and ethnic differences in labor force withdrawal. Nevertheless, Black men and Hispanic women experience more involuntary labor market exits than Whites with similar socioeconomic and demographic characteristics.

DISCUSSION: Workers most vulnerable to labor market difficulties during their youth confront formidable obstacles maintaining their desired level of labor force attachment as they approach their golden years. This has significant policy implications for the contours of gender and race/ethnic inequality among elderly persons, particularly as life expectancy and the size of the minority elderly population continue to increase.

}, keywords = {Aged, Black or African American, Cross-Cultural Comparison, Employment, Female, Hispanic or Latino, Humans, Logistic Models, Male, Middle Aged, Personnel Downsizing, Regression Analysis, Retirement, Sex Factors, Socioeconomic factors, United States, White People}, issn = {1079-5014}, doi = {10.1093/geronb/55.1.s14}, author = {Chenoa Flippen and Tienda, Marta} } @article {5384, title = {Racial and Ethnic Differences in Wealth Among the Elderly}, year = {1999}, institution = {University of Chicago Population Research Center}, keywords = {Demographics, Net Worth and Assets}, author = {Chenoa Flippen and Tienda, Marta} } @article {5373, title = {Family Structure and Economic Well-Being of Black, Hispanic, and White Pre-Retirement Adults}, number = {326}, year = {1998}, institution = {Princeton University}, address = {Princeton}, abstract = {This paper examines how family structure is related to racial and ethnic inequality among older populations. We show that intergenerational living serves the economic needs of minority and unmarried female elders more than non-minority and married elders. The greater economic motivation for co-residence among minority and female elders was suggested both by their higher reliance on the income of co-resident kin and by their subjective evaluations of who benefited most from co-residence. However, when the contributions of co-resident kin are weighed against the additional costs they bring to the household, the inequality-reducing effect of extension falls considerably. The contributions per co-resident kin are smaller in minority households, and thus the economic well-being of elders living in extended households is often no better, and occasionally worse, than had they lived alone. Only unmarried women receive a substantial net boost from co-residence, primarily because adult offspring who co-reside with unmarried women contribute more than their counterparts in unmarried male or couple households.}, keywords = {Adult children, Net Worth and Assets, Women and Minorities}, url = {https://ideas.repec.org/p/pri/opopre/opr9802.pdf.html}, author = {Chenoa Flippen and Tienda, Marta} } @article {5319, title = {Labor Force Behavior of Hispanic Elderly: Insights from the HRS}, year = {1996}, abstract = {This paper seeks to augment the relatively scarce information available about the labor market and economic characteristics of Hispanic elderly. Specifically, we examine the factors associated with the late-aged labor force participation decisions of elderly Hispanic men and women, and how they are related to aggregate economic well-being. Our results indicate a high degree of labor force instability and involuntary joblessness among older Hispanics. For many Hispanic elders, retirement is not the voluntary termination of a career job, but instead results from prolonged or frequent periods of joblessness that eventuate in retirement. This process of labor force withdrawal was markedly different for men and women, and was influenced by age, education, job characteristics (e.g., firm size and industrial sector), and employment experience (e.g., experience of being laid off and pension coverage). Low rates of pension coverage and low savings for retirement among the Hispanic elderly imply a high degree of economic vulnerability, especially for the unmarried elderly and for those who do not receive assistance from other family members.}, keywords = {Employment and Labor Force, Women and Minorities}, author = {Chenoa Flippen and Tienda, Marta} }