@article {2019-73776-00920191201, title = {Are US older adults getting lonelier? Age, period, and cohort differences.}, journal = {Psychology and Aging}, volume = {34}, year = {2019}, pages = {1144 - 1157}, abstract = {Media portrayals of a loneliness {\textquoteright}epidemic{\textquoteright} are premised on an increase in the proportion of people living alone and decreases in rates of civic engagement and religious affiliation over recent decades. However, loneliness is a subjective perception that does not correspond perfectly with objective social circumstances. In this study, we examined whether perceived loneliness is greater among the Baby Boomers{\textemdash}individuals born 1948{\textendash}1965{\textemdash}relative to those born 1920{\textendash}1947 and whether older adults have become lonelier over the past decade (2005{\textendash}2016). We used data from the National Social Life, Health and Aging Project and from the Health and Retirement Study collected during 2005{\textendash}2016 to estimate differences in loneliness associated with age, birth year, and survey time point. Overall, loneliness decreased with age through the early 70s, after which it increased. We found no evidence that loneliness is substantially higher among the Baby Boomers or that it has increased over the past decad}, keywords = {Age differences, age{\textendash}period{\textendash}cohort effects, Aging, Baby Boom cohorts, civic engagement, Cohort Analysis, Community Involvement, Epidemics, Generational Differences, Living Alone, Loneliness, religious affiliation, Test Construction}, issn = {0882-7974}, doi = {10.1037/pag0000365}, url = {https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31804118}, author = {Louise C Hawkley and Wroblewski, Kristen and Kaiser, Till and Luhmann, Maike and Schumm, L. Philip} } @article {8303, title = {Subjective Well-Being in Context: County- and State-Level Socioeconomic Factors and Individual Moderators}, journal = {Social Psychological and Personality Science}, volume = {6}, year = {2015}, note = {Times Cited: 0 0}, pages = {148-156}, publisher = {6}, abstract = {Subjective well-being (SWB) is not only influenced by people{\textquoteright}s individual characteristics but also by characteristics of the places where they live. Using data from the Health and Retirement Survey (N = 5,975), we examined whether two indicators of the socioeconomic context (unemployment and poverty rates) are associated with SWB in older adults. The main findings were (a) these contextual variables are differentially related to SWB on the county level and state level in terms of strength and direction, highlighting the importance of distinguishing between different levels of analysis; (b) poverty rate tends to be more strongly associated with life satisfaction and positive affect than with negative affect; and (c) county-level poverty rate is more strongly related to positive affect in poor individuals and county-level unemployment rate is more strongly related to SWB in nonretired individuals, suggesting that the socioeconomic context matters more for people who are directly affected by it.}, keywords = {Demographics, Employment and Labor Force, Expectations, Income}, doi = {10.1177/1948550614548075}, author = {Luhmann, Maike and Murdoch, James C., III and Louise C Hawkley} }