@article {5973,
	title = {How Do the Changing Labor Supply Behavior and Marriage Patterns of Women Affect Social Security Replacement Rates?},
	year = {2013},
	institution = {Chestnut Hill, MA, Center for Retirement Research at Boston College},
	abstract = {This paper seeks to determine the impact of the changing lives of women   increased labor force participation/earnings and reduced marriage rates   on Social Security replacement rates. First, our estimates, based on the Health and Retirement Study and Modeling Income in the Near Term, show that Social Security replacement rates have dropped sharply at both the household- and individual-level, and the decline will continue for future retirees. Our second finding is that this aggregate change masks a complex relationship between replacement rates and the marital status and income levels of individuals. The decline in replacement rates over time is largest for married couples with husbands whose earnings are in the top tercile. Decomposing the reasons for the overall decline shows that increases in the labor supply and earnings of women explain more than one-third of the change. In contrast, the impact of changing marital patterns is relatively small. Much of the remaining explanation rests with the increased Full Retirement Age and changing claiming behaviors.},
	keywords = {Adult children, Employment and Labor Force, Social Security, Women and Minorities},
	author = {April Yanyuan Wu and Nadia S. Karamcheva and Alicia H. Munnell and Patrick J. Purcell}
}
@article {7939,
	title = {How do trends in women{\textquoteright}s labor force activity and marriage patterns affect social security replacement rates?},
	journal = {Social Security Bulletin},
	volume = {73},
	year = {2013},
	note = {Export Date: 29 January 2014 Source: Scopus},
	pages = {1-24},
	publisher = {73},
	abstract = {This article examines how women{\textquoteright}s increased labor force participation, increased earnings, and reduced marriage rates affect Social Security replacement rates over time. Based on data from the Health and Retirement Study and Modeling Income in the Near Term, our estimates show that Social Security replacement rates have dropped sharply at both the household and individual levels, and the declines will continue for future retirees. We also find that this aggregate change masks a complex relationship between replacement rates and the marital status and income levels of individuals. The decline in replacement rates over time is largest for married couples with husbands having higher earnings. Increases in the labor force activity and earnings of women explain more than one-third of the change. By contrast, the impact of changing marital patterns is relatively small. Changes to the full retirement age and the timing of benefit claiming explain much of the remaining decline.},
	keywords = {Adult children, Employment and Labor Force, Methodology, Women and Minorities},
	author = {April Yanyuan Wu and Nadia S. Karamcheva and Alicia H. Munnell and Patrick J. Purcell}
}
