@article {12122, title = {Association studies of up to 1.2 million individuals yield new insights into the genetic etiology of tobacco and alcohol use.}, journal = {Nature Genetics}, volume = {51}, year = {2019}, pages = {237-244}, abstract = {

Tobacco and alcohol use are leading causes of mortality that influence risk for many complex diseases and disorders. They are heritable and etiologically related behaviors that have been resistant to gene discovery efforts. In sample sizes up to 1.2 million individuals, we discovered 566 genetic variants in 406 loci associated with multiple stages of tobacco use (initiation, cessation, and heaviness) as well as alcohol use, with 150 loci evidencing pleiotropic association. Smoking phenotypes were positively genetically correlated with many health conditions, whereas alcohol use was negatively correlated with these conditions, such that increased genetic risk for alcohol use is associated with lower disease risk. We report evidence for the involvement of many systems in tobacco and alcohol use, including genes involved in nicotinic, dopaminergic, and glutamatergic neurotransmission. The results provide a solid starting point to evaluate the effects of these loci in model organisms and more precise substance use measures.

}, keywords = {Alcohol Drinking, Female, Genetic Variation, Genome-Wide Association Study, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Phenotype, Risk, Smoking, Tobacco, Tobacco Use Disorder}, issn = {1546-1718}, doi = {10.1038/s41588-018-0307-5}, author = {Liu, Mengzhen and Jiang, Yu and Wedow, Robbee and Li, Yue and Brazel, David M and Chen, Fang and Datta, Gargi and Davila-Velderrain, Jose and McGuire, Daniel and Tian, Chao and Zhan, Xiaowei and Choquet, H{\'e}l{\`e}ne and Docherty, Anna R and Jessica Faul and Foerster, Johanna R and Fritsche, Lars G and Gabrielsen, Maiken Elvestad and Gordon, Scott D and Jeffrey Haessler and Jouke-Jan Hottenga and Huang, Hongyan and Jang, Seon-Kyeong and Philip R Jansen and Ling, Yueh and M{\"a}gi, Reedik and Matoba, Nana and McMahon, George and Mulas, Antonella and Orr{\`u}, Valeria and Palviainen, Teemu and Anita Pandit and Reginsson, Gunnar W and Skogholt, Anne Heidi and Smith, Jennifer A and Taylor, Amy E and Turman, Constance and Gonneke Willemsen and Young, Hannah and Young, Kendra A and Zajac, Gregory J M and Zhao, Wei and Zhou, Wei and Bjornsdottir, Gyda and Boardman, Jason D and Boehnke, Michael and Dorret I Boomsma and Chen, Chu and Francesco Cucca and Davies, Gareth E and Charles B Eaton and Ehringer, Marissa A and T{\~o}nu Esko and Fiorillo, Edoardo and Gillespie, Nathan A and Gudbjartsson, Daniel F and Haller, Toomas and Kathleen Mullan Harris and Andrew C Heath and Hewitt, John K and Hickie, Ian B and Hokanson, John E and Hopfer, Christian J and Hunter, David J and Iacono, William G and Johnson, Eric O and Kamatani, Yoichiro and Sharon L R Kardia and Matthew C Keller and Kellis, Manolis and Charles Kooperberg and Kraft, Peter and Krauter, Kenneth S and Laakso, Markku and Penelope A Lind and Loukola, Anu and Lutz, Sharon M and Pamela A F Madden and Nicholas G Martin and McGue, Matt and Matthew B McQueen and Sarah E Medland and Andres Metspalu and Mohlke, Karen L and Nielsen, Jonas B and Okada, Yukinori and Peters, Ulrike and Tinca J Polderman and Posthuma, Danielle and Reiner, Alexander P and Rice, John P and Rimm, Eric and Rose, Richard J and Runarsdottir, Valgerdur and Stallings, Michael C and Stan{\v c}{\'a}kov{\'a}, Alena and Stefansson, Hreinn and Thai, Khanh K and Hilary A Tindle and Tyrfingsson, Thorarinn and Wall, Tamara L and David R Weir and Weisner, Constance and Whitfield, John B and Winsvold, Bendik Slagsvold and Yin, Jie and Zuccolo, Luisa and Laura Bierut and Hveem, Kristian and Lee, James J and Munaf{\`o}, Marcus R and Saccone, Nancy L and Willer, Cristen J and Marilyn C Cornelis and David, Sean P and Hinds, David A and Jorgenson, Eric and Kaprio, Jaakko and Stitzel, Jerry A and Stefansson, Kari and Thorgeirsson, Thorgeir E and Gon{\c c}alo R Abecasis and Liu, Dajiang J and Scott Vrieze} } @article {12123, title = {New alcohol-related genes suggest shared genetic mechanisms with neuropsychiatric disorders.}, journal = {Nature Human Behaviour}, volume = {3}, year = {2019}, pages = {950-961}, abstract = {

Excessive alcohol consumption is one of the main causes of death and disability worldwide. Alcohol consumption is a heritable complex trait. Here we conducted a meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies of alcohol consumption (g d) from the UK Biobank, the Alcohol Genome-Wide Consortium and the Cohorts for Heart and Aging Research in Genomic Epidemiology Plus consortia, collecting data from 480,842 people of European descent to decipher the genetic architecture of alcohol intake. We identified 46 new common loci and investigated their potential functional importance using magnetic resonance imaging data and gene expression studies. We identify genetic pathways associated with alcohol consumption and suggest genetic mechanisms that are shared with neuropsychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia.

}, keywords = {Adult, Aged, Alcohol Drinking, Alcoholism, Brain, Female, genes, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Genome-Wide Association Study, Humans, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Mental Disorders, Middle Aged, Neuroimaging, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, Quantitative Trait Loci, Schizophrenia, Whites}, issn = {2397-3374}, doi = {10.1038/s41562-019-0653-z}, author = {Evangelou, Evangelos and Gao, He and Chu, Congying and Ntritsos, Georgios and Blakeley, Paul and Butts, Andrew R and Pazoki, Raha and Suzuki, Hideaki and Koskeridis, Fotios and Yiorkas, Andrianos M and Karaman, Ibrahim and Elliott, Joshua and Luo, Qiang and Aeschbacher, Stefanie and Traci M Bartz and Baumeister, Sebastian E and Braund, Peter S and Brown, Michael R and Brody, Jennifer A and Clarke, Toni-Kim and Dimou, Niki and Jessica Faul and Homuth, Georg and Jackson, Anne U and Kentistou, Katherine A and Joshi, Peter K and Lemaitre, Rozenn N and Penelope A Lind and Lyytik{\"a}inen, Leo-Pekka and Mangino, Massimo and Milaneschi, Yuri and Nelson, Christopher P and Ilja M Nolte and Per{\"a}l{\"a}, Mia-Maria and Polasek, Ozren and David J Porteous and Scott M Ratliff and Smith, Jennifer A and Stan{\v c}{\'a}kov{\'a}, Alena and Teumer, Alexander and Tuominen, Samuli and Th{\'e}riault, S{\'e}bastien and Vangipurapu, Jagadish and Whitfield, John B and Wood, Alexis and Yao, Jie and Yu, Bing and Zhao, Wei and Dan E Arking and Auvinen, Juha and Liu, Chunyu and M{\"a}nnikk{\"o}, Minna and Risch, Lorenz and Rotter, Jerome I and Snieder, Harold and Veijola, Juha and Alexandra I Blakemore and Boehnke, Michael and Campbell, Harry and Conen, David and Johan G Eriksson and Hans-J{\"o}rgen Grabe and Guo, Xiuqing and van der Harst, Pim and Catharina A Hartman and Caroline Hayward and Andrew C Heath and J{\"a}rvelin, Marjo-Riitta and K{\"a}h{\"o}nen, Mika and Sharon L R Kardia and K{\"u}hne, Michael and Kuusisto, Johanna and Laakso, Markku and Lahti, Jari and Lehtim{\"a}ki, Terho and McIntosh, Andrew M and Mohlke, Karen L and Alanna C Morrison and Nicholas G Martin and Oldehinkel, Albertine J and Brenda W J H Penninx and Psaty, Bruce M and Olli T Raitakari and Rudan, Igor and Nilesh J Samani and Scott, Laura J and Timothy Spector and Verweij, Niek and David R Weir and James F Wilson and Levy, Daniel and Tzoulaki, Ioanna and Bell, Jimmy D and Matthews, Paul M and Rothenfluh, Adrian and Desrivi{\`e}res, Sylvane and Schumann, Gunter and Elliott, Paul} } @article {12131, title = {Genome-wide meta-analysis associates HLA-DQA1/DRB1 and LPA and lifestyle factors with human longevity.}, journal = {Nature Communications}, volume = {8}, year = {2017}, pages = {910}, abstract = {

Genomic analysis of longevity offers the potential to illuminate the biology of human aging. Here, using genome-wide association meta-analysis of 606,059 parents{\textquoteright} survival, we discover two regions associated with longevity (HLA-DQA1/DRB1 and LPA). We also validate previous suggestions that APOE, CHRNA3/5, CDKN2A/B, SH2B3 and FOXO3A influence longevity. Next we show that giving up smoking, educational attainment, openness to new experience and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol levels are most positively genetically correlated with lifespan while susceptibility to coronary artery disease (CAD), cigarettes smoked per day, lung cancer, insulin resistance and body fat are most negatively correlated. We suggest that the effect of education on lifespan is principally mediated through smoking while the effect of obesity appears to act via CAD. Using instrumental variables, we suggest that an increase of one body mass index unit reduces lifespan by 7 months while 1 year of education adds 11 months to expected lifespan.Variability in human longevity is genetically influenced. Using genetic data of parental lifespan, the authors identify associations at HLA-DQA/DRB1 and LPA and find that genetic variants that increase educational attainment have a positive effect on lifespan whereas increasing BMI negatively affects lifespan.

}, keywords = {Alleles, Body Mass Index, Coronary Disease, Education, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Genome-Wide Association Study, HLA-DQ alpha-Chains, HLA-DRB1 Chains, Humans, Insulin Resistance, Life Style, Lipoprotein(a), Lipoproteins, HDL, Longevity, Lung Neoplasms, Obesity, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, Smoking, Socioeconomic factors}, issn = {2041-1723}, doi = {10.1038/s41467-017-00934-5}, author = {Joshi, Peter K and Nicola Pirastu and Kentistou, Katherine A and Fischer, Krista and Edith Hofer and Schraut, Katharina E and Clark, David W and Nutile, Teresa and Barnes, Catriona L K and Paul Rhj Timmers and Shen, Xia and Gandin, Ilaria and McDaid, Aaron F and Hansen, Thomas Folkmann and Gordon, Scott D and Giulianini, Franco and Boutin, Thibaud S and Abdellaoui, Abdel and Zhao, Wei and Medina-Gomez, Carolina and Traci M Bartz and Trompet, Stella and Leslie A Lange and Raffield, Laura and van der Spek, Ashley and Galesloot, Tessel E and Proitsi, Petroula and Yanek, Lisa R and Bielak, Lawrence F and Payton, Antony and Murgia, Federico and Concas, Maria Pina and Biino, Ginevra and Tajuddin, Salman M and Sepp{\"a}l{\"a}, Ilkka and Amin, Najaf and Boerwinkle, Eric and B{\o}rglum, Anders D and Campbell, Archie and Ellen W Demerath and Demuth, Ilja and Jessica Faul and Ford, Ian and Gialluisi, Alessandro and G{\"o}gele, Martin and Graff, Mariaelisa and Aroon Hingorani and Jouke-Jan Hottenga and Hougaard, David M and Hurme, Mikko A and Ikram, M Arfan and Jylh{\"a}, Marja and Kuh, Diana and Ligthart, Lannie and Lill, Christina M and Lindenberger, Ulman and Lumley, Thomas and M{\"a}gi, Reedik and Marques-Vidal, Pedro and Sarah E Medland and Lili Milani and Nagy, Reka and William E R Ollier and Peyser, Patricia A and Pramstaller, Peter P and Ridker, Paul M and Fernando Rivadeneira and Ruggiero, Daniela and Saba, Yasaman and Schmidt, Reinhold and Schmidt, Helena and Slagboom, P Eline and Smith, Blair H and Smith, Jennifer A and Sotoodehnia, Nona and Steinhagen-Thiessen, Elisabeth and van Rooij, Frank J A and Verbeek, Andr{\'e} L and Vermeulen, Sita H and Vollenweider, Peter and Wang, Yunpeng and Werge, Thomas and Whitfield, John B and Alan B Zonderman and Lehtim{\"a}ki, Terho and Michele K Evans and Pirastu, Mario and Fuchsberger, Christian and Bertram, Lars and Pendleton, Neil and Sharon L R Kardia and Ciullo, Marina and Becker, Diane M and Wong, Andrew and Psaty, Bruce M and Cornelia M van Duijn and Wilson, James G and Jukema, J Wouter and Lambertus A Kiemeney and Andr{\'e} G Uitterlinden and Franceschini, Nora and Kari E North and David R Weir and Andres Metspalu and Dorret I Boomsma and Caroline Hayward and Daniel I Chasman and Nicholas G Martin and Sattar, Naveed and Campbell, Harry and T{\~o}nu Esko and Kutalik, Zolt{\'a}n and James F Wilson} } @article {8879, title = {Genetic associations at 53 loci highlight cell types and biological pathways relevant for kidney function.}, journal = {Nat Commun}, volume = {7}, year = {2016}, month = {2016 Jan 21}, pages = {10023}, abstract = {

Reduced glomerular filtration rate defines chronic kidney disease and is associated with cardiovascular and all-cause mortality. We conducted a meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies for estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), combining data across 133,413 individuals with replication in up to 42,166 individuals. We identify 24 new and confirm 29 previously identified loci. Of these 53 loci, 19 associate with eGFR among individuals with diabetes. Using bioinformatics, we show that identified genes at eGFR loci are enriched for expression in kidney tissues and in pathways relevant for kidney development and transmembrane transporter activity, kidney structure, and regulation of glucose metabolism. Chromatin state mapping and DNase I hypersensitivity analyses across adult tissues demonstrate preferential mapping of associated variants to regulatory regions in kidney but not extra-renal tissues. These findings suggest that genetic determinants of eGFR are mediated largely through direct effects within the kidney and highlight important cell types and biological pathways.

}, keywords = {Chronic disease, Genome-Wide Association Study, Genotype, Humans}, issn = {2041-1723}, doi = {10.1038/ncomms10023}, author = {Pattaro, Cristian and Teumer, Alexander and Gorski, Mathias and Chu, Audrey Y and Li, Man and Mijatovic, Vladan and Garnaas, Maija and Tin, Adrienne and Sorice, Rossella and Yong Li and Taliun, Daniel and Olden, Matthias and Foster, Meredith and Qiong Yang and Chen, Ming-Huei and Pers, Tune H and Andrew D Johnson and Ko, Yi-An and Fuchsberger, Christian and Bamidele O Tayo and Michael A Nalls and Feitosa, Mary F and Isaacs, Aaron and Dehghan, Abbas and d{\textquoteright}Adamo, Pio and Adebawole Adeyemo and Dieffenbach, Aida Karina and Alan B Zonderman and Ilja M Nolte and van der Most, Peter J and Alan F Wright and Alan R Shuldiner and Alanna C Morrison and Hofman, Albert and Albert Vernon Smith and Dreisbach, Albert W and Franke, Andre and Andr{\'e} G Uitterlinden and Andres Metspalu and T{\"o}njes, Anke and Lupo, Antonio and Robino, Antonietta and Johansson, {\r A}sa and Demirkan, Ayse and Kollerits, Barbara and Freedman, Barry I and Ponte, Belen and Ben A Oostra and Paulweber, Bernhard and Kr{\"a}mer, Bernhard K and Mitchell, Braxton D and Buckley, Brendan M and Peralta, Carmen A and Caroline Hayward and Helmer, Catherine and Charles N Rotimi and Shaffer, Christian M and M{\"u}ller, Christian and Cinzia Felicita Sala and Cornelia M van Duijn and Saint-Pierre, Aude and Daniel Ackermann and Daniel Shriner and Ruggiero, Daniela and Toniolo, Daniela and Lu, Yingchang and Cusi, Daniele and Czamara, Darina and Ellinghaus, David and David S Siscovick and Ruderfer, Douglas and Gieger, Christian and Grallert, Harald and Rochtchina, Elena and Atkinson, Elizabeth J and Holliday, Elizabeth G and Boerwinkle, Eric and Salvi, Erika and Erwin P Bottinger and Murgia, Federico and Fernando Rivadeneira and Ernst, Florian and Kronenberg, Florian and Hu, Frank B and Navis, Gerjan J and Curhan, Gary C and Georg B Ehret and Homuth, Georg and Coassin, Stefan and Thun, Gian-Andri and Pistis, Giorgio and Gambaro, Giovanni and Malerba, Giovanni and Grant W Montgomery and Gu{\dh}ny Eir{\'\i}ksd{\'o}ttir and Jacobs, Gunnar and Guo Li and Wichmann, H-Erich and Campbell, Harry and Schmidt, Helena and Wallaschofski, Henri and V{\"o}lzke, Henry and Brenner, Hermann and Kroemer, Heyo K and Kramer, Holly and Lin, Honghuang and Irene Mateo Leach and Ford, Ian and Guessous, Idris and Rudan, Igor and Prokopenko, Inga and Ingrid B Borecki and Iris M Heid and Kolcic, Ivana and Persico, Ivana and Jukema, J Wouter and James F Wilson and Felix, Janine F and Divers, Jasmin and Lambert, Jean-Charles and Stafford, Jeanette M and Gaspoz, Jean-Michel and Jennifer A Smith and Jessica Faul and Wang, Jie Jin and Ding, Jingzhong and Joel N Hirschhron and John R. Attia and Whitfield, John B and Chalmers, John and Viikari, Jorma and Coresh, Josef and Denny, Joshua C and Karjalainen, Juha and Fernandes, Jyotika K and Endlich, Karlhans and Butterbach, Katja and Keene, Keith L and Kurt Lohman and Portas, Laura and Lenore J Launer and Lyytik{\"a}inen, Leo-Pekka and Yengo, Loic and Lude L Franke and Luigi Ferrucci and Rose, Lynda M and Kedenko, Lyudmyla and Rao, Madhumathi and Struchalin, Maksim and Kleber, Marcus E and Cavalieri, Margherita and Haun, Margot and Marilyn C Cornelis and Ciullo, Marina and Pirastu, Mario and de Andrade, Mariza and McEvoy, Mark A and Woodward, Mark and Adam, Martin and Cocca, Massimiliano and Nauck, Matthias and Imboden, Medea and Waldenberger, Melanie and Pruijm, Menno and Metzger, Marie and Stumvoll, Michael and Michele K Evans and Sale, Michele M and K{\"a}h{\"o}nen, Mika and Boban, Mladen and Bochud, Murielle and Rheinberger, Myriam and Verweij, Niek and Bouatia-Naji, Nabila and Nicholas G Martin and Nicholas D Hastie and Nicole M Probst-Hensch and Soranzo, Nicole and Devuyst, Olivier and Olli T Raitakari and Gottesman, Omri and Franco, Oscar H and Polasek, Ozren and Paolo P. Gasparini and Munroe, Patricia B and Ridker, Paul M and Mitchell, Paul and Muntner, Paul and Meisinger, Christa and Johannes H Smit and Kovacs, Peter and Wild, Philipp S and Froguel, Philippe and Rettig, Rainer and M{\"a}gi, Reedik and Biffar, Reiner and Schmidt, Reinhold and Middelberg, Rita P S and Carroll, Robert J and Brenda W J H Penninx and Rodney J Scott and Katz, Ronit and Sedaghat, Sanaz and Sarah Wild and Sharon L R Kardia and Ulivi, Sheila and Hwang, Shih-Jen and Enroth, Stefan and Kloiber, Stefan and Trompet, Stella and Stengel, Benedicte and Hancock, Stephen J and Stephen T Turner and Rosas, Sylvia E and Stracke, Sylvia and Tamara B Harris and Zeller, Tanja and Zemunik, Tatijana and Lehtim{\"a}ki, Terho and Illig, Thomas and Aspelund, Thor and Nikopensius, Tiit and T{\~o}nu Esko and Toshiko Tanaka and Gyllensten, Ulf and V{\"o}lker, Uwe and Emilsson, Valur and Vitart, Veronique and Aalto, Ville and Gudnason, Vilmundur and Chouraki, Vincent and Chen, Wei-Min and Igl, Wilmar and M{\"a}rz, Winfried and Koenig, Wolfgang and Lieb, Wolfgang and Ruth J F Loos and Yongmei Liu and Snieder, Harold and Pramstaller, Peter P and Parsa, Afshin and Jeff O{\textquoteright}Connell and Susztak, Katalin and Hamet, Pavel and Tremblay, Johanne and de Boer, Ian H and B{\"o}ger, Carsten A and Goessling, Wolfram and Daniel I Chasman and K{\"o}ttgen, Anna and Kao, W H Linda and Caroline S Fox} } @article {8884, title = {Directional dominance on stature and cognition in~diverse human populations.}, journal = {Nature}, volume = {523}, year = {2015}, month = {2015 Jul 23}, pages = {459-62}, abstract = {

Homozygosity has long been associated with rare, often devastating, Mendelian disorders, and Darwin was one of the first to recognize that inbreeding reduces evolutionary fitness. However, the effect of the more distant parental relatedness that is common in modern human populations is less well understood. Genomic data now allow us to investigate the effects of homozygosity on traits of public health importance by observing contiguous homozygous segments (runs of homozygosity), which are inferred to be homozygous along their complete length. Given the low levels of genome-wide homozygosity prevalent in most human populations, information is required on very large numbers of people to provide sufficient power. Here we use runs of homozygosity to study 16 health-related quantitative traits in 354,224 individuals from 102 cohorts, and find statistically significant associations between summed runs~of homozygosity and four complex traits: height, forced expiratory lung volume in one second, general cognitive ability and educational attainment (P < 1 {\texttimes} 10(-300), 2.1 {\texttimes} 10(-6), 2.5 {\texttimes} 10(-10) and 1.8 {\texttimes} 10(-10), respectively). In each case, increased homozygosity was associated with decreased trait value, equivalent to the offspring of first cousins being 1.2 cm shorter and having 10 months{\textquoteright} less education. Similar effect sizes were found across four continental groups and populations with different degrees of genome-wide homozygosity, providing evidence that homozygosity, rather than confounding, directly contributes to phenotypic variance. Contrary to earlier reports in substantially smaller samples, no evidence was seen of an influence of genome-wide homozygosity on blood pressure and low density lipoprotein cholesterol, or ten other cardio-metabolic traits. Since directional dominance is predicted for traits under directional evolutionary selection, this study provides evidence that increased stature and cognitive function have been positively selected in human evolution, whereas many important risk factors for late-onset complex diseases may not have been.

}, keywords = {Biological Evolution, Blood pressure, Body Height, Cholesterol, Cognitive Ability, Cohort Studies, Education, Female, Forced Expiratory Volume, Genome, Homozygote, Humans, Lung Volume Measurements, Male, Phenotype}, issn = {1476-4687}, doi = {10.1038/nature14618}, author = {Joshi, Peter K and T{\~o}nu Esko and Mattsson, Hannele and Eklund, Niina and Gandin, Ilaria and Nutile, Teresa and Jackson, Anne U and Schurmann, Claudia and Albert Vernon Smith and Zhang, Weihua and Okada, Yukinori and Stan{\v c}{\'a}kov{\'a}, Alena and Jessica Faul and Wei Zhao and Traci M Bartz and Maria Pina Concas and Franceschini, Nora and Enroth, Stefan and Vitart, Veronique and Trompet, Stella and Guo, Xiuqing and Daniel I Chasman and Jeff O{\textquoteright}Connell and Corre, Tanguy and Nongmaithem, Suraj S and Chen, Yuning and Mangino, Massimo and Ruggiero, Daniela and Traglia, Michela and Farmaki, Aliki-Eleni and Kacprowski, Tim and Bjonnes, Andrew and van der Spek, Ashley and Wu, Ying and Giri, Anil K and Yanek, Lisa R and Wang, Lihua and Edith Hofer and Cornelius A Rietveld and McLeod, Olga and Marilyn C Cornelis and Pattaro, Cristian and Verweij, Niek and Baumbach, Clemens and Abdel Abdellaoui and Warren, Helen R and Vuckovic, Dragana and Mei, Hao and Bouchard, Claude and Perry, John R B and Cappellani, Stefania and Saira S Mirza and Benton, Miles C and Broeckel, Ulrich and Sarah E Medland and Penelope A Lind and Malerba, Giovanni and Alexander W Drong and Yengo, Loic and Bielak, Lawrence F and Zhi, Degui and van der Most, Peter J and Daniel Shriner and M{\"a}gi, Reedik and Hemani, Gibran and Karaderi, Tugce and Wang, Zhaoming and Tian Liu and Demuth, Ilja and Jing Hua Zhao and Meng, Weihua and Lataniotis, Lazaros and van der Laan, Sander W and Bradfield, Jonathan P and Andrew R Wood and Bonnefond, Amelie and Ahluwalia, Tarunveer S and Hall, Leanne M and Salvi, Erika and Yazar, Seyhan and Carstensen, Lisbeth and de Haan, Hugoline G and Abney, Mark and Afzal, Uzma and Matthew A. Allison and Amin, Najaf and Asselbergs, Folkert W and Bakker, Stephan J L and Barr, R Graham and Baumeister, Sebastian E and Daniel J. Benjamin and Bergmann, Sven and Boerwinkle, Eric and Erwin P Bottinger and Campbell, Archie and Chakravarti, Aravinda and Chan, Yingleong and Chanock, Stephen J and Chen, Constance and Yii-Der I Chen and Collins, Francis S and Connell, John and Correa, Adolfo and Cupples, L Adrienne and Gail Davies and D{\"o}rr, Marcus and Georg B Ehret and Ellis, Stephen B and Feenstra, Bjarke and Feitosa, Mary F and Ford, Ian and Caroline S Fox and Timothy M Frayling and Friedrich, Nele and Geller, Frank and Scotland, Generation and Gillham-Nasenya, Irina and Gottesman, Omri and Graff, Misa and Grodstein, Francine and Gu, Charles and Haley, Chris and Hammond, Christopher J and Sarah E Harris and Tamara B Harris and Nicholas D Hastie and Heard-Costa, Nancy L and Heikkil{\"a}, Kauko and Lynne J Hocking and Homuth, Georg and Jouke-Jan Hottenga and Huang, Jinyan and Huffman, Jennifer E and Hysi, Pirro G and Mohammed Arfan Ikram and Ingelsson, Erik and Joensuu, Anni and Johansson, {\r A}sa and Jousilahti, Pekka and Jukema, J Wouter and K{\"a}h{\"o}nen, Mika and Kamatani, Yoichiro and Kanoni, Stavroula and Kerr, Shona M and Khan, Nazir M and Philipp D Koellinger and Koistinen, Heikki A and Kooner, Manraj K and Kubo, Michiaki and Kuusisto, Johanna and Lahti, Jari and Lenore J Launer and Lea, Rodney A and Lehne, Benjamin and Lehtim{\"a}ki, Terho and David C Liewald and Lars Lind and Loh, Marie and Lokki, Marja-Liisa and London, Stephanie J and Loomis, Stephanie J and Loukola, Anu and Lu, Yingchang and Lumley, Thomas and Lundqvist, Annamari and M{\"a}nnist{\"o}, Satu and Marques-Vidal, Pedro and Masciullo, Corrado and Matchan, Angela and Mathias, Rasika A and Matsuda, Koichi and Meigs, James B and Meisinger, Christa and Meitinger, Thomas and Menni, Cristina and Mentch, Frank D and Mihailov, Evelin and Lili Milani and Montasser, May E and Grant W Montgomery and Alanna C Morrison and Myers, Richard H and Nadukuru, Rajiv and Navarro, Pau and Nelis, Mari and Nieminen, Markku S and Ilja M Nolte and O{\textquoteright}Connor, George T and Ogunniyi, Adesola and Padmanabhan, Sandosh and Walter R Palmas and Pankow, James S and Patarcic, Inga and Pavani, Francesca and Peyser, Patricia A and Pietilainen, Kirsi and Neil Poulter and Prokopenko, Inga and Ralhan, Sarju and Redmond, Paul and Rich, Stephen S and Rissanen, Harri and Robino, Antonietta and Rose, Lynda M and Rose, Richard and Cinzia Felicita Sala and Babatunde Salako and Veikko Salomaa and Sarin, Antti-Pekka and Saxena, Richa and Schmidt, Helena and Scott, Laura J and Scott, William R and Sennblad, Bengt and Seshadri, Sudha and Peter Sever and Shrestha, Smeeta and Smith, Blair H and Jennifer A Smith and Soranzo, Nicole and Sotoodehnia, Nona and Southam, Lorraine and Stanton, Alice V and Stathopoulou, Maria G and Strauch, Konstantin and Strawbridge, Rona J and Suderman, Matthew J and Tandon, Nikhil and Tang, Sian-Tsun and Kent D Taylor and Bamidele O Tayo and T{\"o}glhofer, Anna Maria and Tomaszewski, Maciej and T{\v s}ernikova, Natalia and Tuomilehto, Jaakko and Andr{\'e} G Uitterlinden and Vaidya, Dhananjay and van Hylckama Vlieg, Astrid and van Setten, Jessica and Vasankari, Tuula and Vedantam, Sailaja and Vlachopoulou, Efthymia and Vozzi, Diego and Vuoksimaa, Eero and Waldenberger, Melanie and Erin B Ware and Wentworth-Shields, William and Whitfield, John B and Sarah Wild and Gonneke Willemsen and Yajnik, Chittaranjan S and Yao, Jie and Zaza, Gianluigi and Zhu, Xiaofeng and Salem, Rany M and Melbye, Mads and Bisgaard, Hans and Nilesh J Samani and Cusi, Daniele and Mackey, David A and Cooper, Richard S and Froguel, Philippe and Pasterkamp, Gerard and Grant, Struan F A and Hakonarson, Hakon and Luigi Ferrucci and Scott, Robert A and Morris, Andrew D and Palmer, Colin N A and George Dedoussis and Deloukas, Panos and Bertram, Lars and Lindenberger, Ulman and Berndt, Sonja I and Lindgren, Cecilia M and Nicholas J Timpson and T{\"o}njes, Anke and Munroe, Patricia B and Thorkild I. A. S{\o}rensen and Charles N Rotimi and Donna K Arnett and Oldehinkel, Albertine J and Sharon L R Kardia and Balkau, Beverley and Gambaro, Giovanni and Morris, Andrew P and Johan G Eriksson and Margaret J Wright and Nicholas G Martin and Hunt, Steven C and John M Starr and Ian J Deary and Griffiths, Lyn R and Henning Tiemeier and Nicola Pirastu and Kaprio, Jaakko and Wareham, Nicholas J and P{\'e}russe, Louis and Wilson, James G and Giorgia G Girotto and Caulfield, Mark J and Olli T Raitakari and Dorret I Boomsma and Gieger, Christian and van der Harst, Pim and Hicks, Andrew A and Kraft, Peter and Sinisalo, Juha and Knekt, Paul and Johannesson, Magnus and Patrik K E Magnusson and Hamsten, Anders and Schmidt, Reinhold and Ingrid B Borecki and Vartiainen, Erkki and Becker, Diane M and Bharadwaj, Dwaipayan and Mohlke, Karen L and Boehnke, Michael and Cornelia M van Duijn and Sanghera, Dharambir K and Teumer, Alexander and Zeggini, Eleftheria and Andres Metspalu and Paolo P. Gasparini and Ulivi, Sheila and Ober, Carole and Toniolo, Daniela and Rudan, Igor and David J Porteous and Ciullo, Marina and Timothy Spector and Caroline Hayward and Dupuis, Jos{\'e}e and Ruth J F Loos and Alan F Wright and Chandak, Giriraj R and Vollenweider, Peter and Alan R Shuldiner and Ridker, Paul M and Rotter, Jerome I and Sattar, Naveed and Gyllensten, Ulf and Kari E North and Pirastu, Mario and Psaty, Bruce M and David R Weir and Laakso, Markku and Gudnason, Vilmundur and Takahashi, Atsushi and Chambers, John C and Kooner, Jaspal S and David P Strachan and Campbell, Harry and Joel N Hirschhron and Markus Perola and Polasek, Ozren and James F Wilson} }