@article {7697,
	title = {A New Test of Borrowing Constraints for Education},
	journal = {The Review of Economic Studies},
	volume = {79},
	year = {2012},
	pages = {511{\textendash}538},
	publisher = {79},
	abstract = {We discuss a simple model in which parents and children make investments in the children{\textquoteright}s education and investments for other purposes and parents can transfer cash to their children. We show that for an identifiable set of parent-child pairs, parents will rationally underinvest in their child{\textquoteright}s education. For these parent-child pairs, additional financial aid will increase educational attainment. The model highlights an important feature of higher education finance, the  expected family contribution  (EFC) that is based on income, assets, and other factors. The EFC is neither legally guaranteed nor universally offered: our model identifies the set of families that are disproportionately likely to not provide their full EFC. Using a common proxy for financial aid, we show, in data from the Health and Retirement Study, that financial aid increases the educational attainment of children whose families are more likely than others to underinvest in education. Financial aid has no effect on the educational attainment of children in other families. The theory and empirical evidence identifies a set of children who face quantitatively important borrowing constraints for higher education.  PUBLICATION ABSTRACT},
	keywords = {Adult children, Demographics, Education, Methodology},
	doi = {10.1093/restud/rdr032},
	author = {Brown, Meta and John Karl Scholz and Ananth Seshadri}
}
@article {5763,
	title = {A New Test of Borrowing Constraints for Education},
	number = {14879},
	year = {2009},
	institution = {National Bureau of Economic Research},
	address = {Cambridge, MA},
	abstract = {We discuss a simple model of intergenerational transfers with one-sided altruism: parents care about their child but the child does not reciprocate. Parents and children make investments in the child s education, investments for other purposes, and parents can transfer cash to their child. We show that for an identifiable set of parent-child pairs, parents will rationally under-invest in their child s education. For these parent-child pairs, additional financial aid will increase educational attainment. The model highlights an important feature of higher education finance, the  expected family contribution  (EFC) that is based on income, assets, and other factors. The EFC is neither legally guaranteed nor universally offered: Our model identifies the set of families that are disproportionately likely to not provide their full EFC. Using a common proxy for financial aid, we show, using of data from the Health and Retirement Study, that financial aid increases the educational attainment of children whose families are disproportionately likely to under-invest in education. Financial aid has no effect on the educational attainment of children in other families. The theory and empirical evidence identifies a set of children who face quantitatively important borrowing constraints for higher education.},
	keywords = {Adult children},
	doi = {10.3386/w14879},
	author = {Brown, Meta and John Karl Scholz and Ananth Seshadri}
}
@article {5674,
	title = {Tied Transfers},
	year = {2006},
	institution = {University of Wisconsin-Madison, Dept. of Economics},
	keywords = {Adult children, Consumption and Savings, Demographics},
	url = {https://www.ssc.wisc.edu/~scholz/Research/Tied_Transfers.pdf},
	author = {Brown, Meta and Mazzocco, Maurizio and John Karl Scholz and Ananth Seshadri}
}
