@article {11628,
	title = {Cohort analysis of driving cessation and limitation among older adults},
	journal = {Transportation},
	volume = {49},
	year = {2022},
	pages = {841{\textendash}865},
	abstract = {Automobiles are central to participation in economic, social, and cultural activities in the United States. The ability to drive as one ages is fundamental to the quality of life among older adults. Driving rates decline significantly with age. Researchers using cross-sectional data have studied the reasons former drivers have stopped driving, but few have followed individuals over time to examine changes in relationships among driving cessation, socio-demographics, and health conditions. We used longitudinal data from a national sample of 20,000 observations from the University of Michigan Health and Retirement Study (HRS) to examine relationships among demographic variables, health conditions, and driving reduction and driving cessation. Longitudinal data allow analysis of generational differences in behavior, a major advantage over cross-sectional data which only allow comparisons of different people at one point in time. We found, like many other studies, that personal decisions to limit and eventually stop driving vary with sex, age, and health conditions. In addition, unlike most previous studies, we also found that those relationships differ by birth cohort with younger cohorts less likely to stop and limit their driving than their older counterparts. The findings indicate an evolution in the association between driving cessation and its causes.},
	keywords = {Cohort Effect, driving cessation, driving reduction, gender},
	isbn = {1572-9435},
	doi = {10.1007/s11116-021-10196-2},
	author = {Schouten, Andrew and Wachs, Martin and Evelyn Blumenberg and Hannah R. King}
}
@article {11713,
	title = {Keys to the Car: Driving Cessation and Residential Location Among Older Adults},
	journal = {Journal of the American Planning Association},
	volume = {88},
	year = {2022},
	pages = {3-14},
	abstract = {Abstract: Problem, research strategy, and findings Most Americans live in communities in which automobiles are central to participation in economic, social, and cultural activities. Outside of dense central cities, the ability to continue driving as one ages is fundamental to the quality of life among older adults. Driving rates decline significantly with age. Researchers have studied the myriad reasons former drivers stop driving, but few have examined associations between these transitions and characteristics of the neighborhoods in which older adults live or to which they move. We used longitudinal data from a national sample of 20,000 observations from the University of Michigan Health and Retirement Study (HRS) to examine relationships between residential location, driving reduction, and driving cessation. Longitudinal data allow analysis of changes in behavior, a major advantage over cross-sectional data; however, the timing and sequencing of behavioral changes remain difficult to isolate. Cities provide opportunities for older adults to travel by automobile and other modes that are less available outside cities. Older adults are more likely to reduce or give up driving if they reside in dense, urban, transit-oriented neighborhoods than other neighborhood types. Very few older adults move from suburban to urban neighborhoods; when they do, they are rarely more likely to reduce or stop driving. Takeaway for practice: The findings underscore the importance of planning to accommodate aging in place. To do this in urban neighborhoods, policies must foster high-quality urban neighborhoods that not only attract younger adults (as is currently the trend) but also retain them as they age through the life cycle.},
	keywords = {driving cessation, residential location},
	isbn = {0194-4363},
	doi = {10.1080/01944363.2021.1907608},
	author = {Schouten, Andrew and Evelyn Blumenberg and Wachs, Martin and Hannah R. King}
}
@article {10845,
	title = {Driving Status and Religious Service Attendance among Older Americans},
	journal = {Activities, Adaptation \& AgingActivities, Adaptation \& Aging},
	volume = {44},
	year = {2020},
	note = {doi: 10.1080/01924788.2019.1618688},
	pages = {132 - 145},
	abstract = {ABSTRACTWe investigated the relationship between driving status and religious service attendance among older Americans and how the perceived importance of religion influences the relationship. Data are from the 2012 wave of the Health and Retirement Study (n = 9,660). After controlling for covariates, the odds of regular religious service attendance were reduced by 55\% for non-drivers relative to active drivers among those who indicated that religion was very important in their lives. No significant association was observed in those who rated religion as somewhat/not too important. Future research should explore how non-drivers who value religion make decisions about religious service attendance.},
	keywords = {Church attendance, driving cessation, Social participation, Transportation},
	isbn = {0192-4788},
	doi = {10.1080/01924788.2019.1618688},
	author = {Sara J McLaughlin and Brown, Karen M. and Jonathon M Vivoda and Cathleen M. Connell}
}
@mastersthesis {10242,
	title = {Does In-home Social Engagement Mitigate Depressive Symptoms after Driving Reduction or Cessation?},
	volume = {Doctor of Philosophy},
	year = {2018},
	month = {2018},
	pages = {101},
	school = {Miami University},
	address = {Oxford, OH},
	abstract = {Driving offers people a sense of independence, the ability to connect      with other people, and access to goods and services. Yet, many older       Americans reduce or cease driving each year, with detrimental       effects. Previous studies have shown associations between driving       cessation, decreased social engagement, increased numbers of       depressive symptoms, and mortality. Little information examines       driving reduction and social engagement. Role theory and stressors       occurring during life transitions may provide a theoretical       understanding of these outcomes.This study uses four       administrations of Health and Retirement Study survey data to       determine whether driving reduction and/or cessation are associated       with increased numbers of depressive symptoms or decreased levels of       social engagement that takes place away from the home setting.       Additionally, this study examines the effects of driving reduction       and cessation on depressive symptoms when considering levels of       social engagement that may occur within the home setting and aims to       determine if in-home social engagement mitigates depressive symptoms       after driving reduction or cessation. Finally, this study considers       males and females separately to determine if gender differences       occur.Results indicated that depressive symptoms increase and       away from home social engagement decreases after driving reduction,       but not cessation, for both men and women. When factoring in at-home       social engagement, depressive symptoms still increase after driving       reduction, but not cessation. Additionally, when considering the       direct and interactive effects of in-home social engagement on       depressive symptoms after driving reduction or cessation, mitigating       effects of in-home social engagement were not evident.These       results suggest that practitioners may wish to allocate resources to       extend the safe driving careers of older adults and provide       transportation to older adults who reduce or stop driving. Given       these results, increasing in-home social engagement is,       unfortunately, not a promising approach to mitigating depressive       symptoms after driving reduction or cessation. Future research may       include a wider variety of measures of social engagement, driving       reduction, and cessation. Additionally, future research may enhance       the understanding of factors that may mitigate depressive symptoms       after driving reduction or cessation. Ultimately, such research may       provide answers to enhance the quality of life for older adults who       reduce or cease driving.},
	keywords = {Depressive symptoms, driving cessation, driving reduction, Gender Differences, Older Adults, social engagement},
	url = {http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1532348747212058},
	author = {Brown, Karen M.}
}
