@article {5899,
	title = {Social Security and Retirement Programs Around the World: The Capacity to Work at Older Ages - Introduction and Summary},
	year = {2016},
	institution = {Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research},
	abstract = {This is the introduction and summary to the seventh phase of an ongoing project on Social Security Programs and Retirement Around the World. The project compares the experiences of a dozen developed countries and uses differences in their retirement program provisions to explore the effect of SS on retirement and related questions. The first three phases of this project document that: 1) incentives for retirement from SS are strongly correlated with labor force participation rates across countries; 2) within countries, workers with stronger incentives to delay retirement are more likely to do so; and 3) changes to SS could have substantial effects on labor force participation and government finances. The fourth volume explores whether higher employment among older persons might increase youth unemployment and finds no link between the two. The fifth and sixth volumes focus on the disability insurance (DI) program, finding that changes in DI participation are more closely linked to DI reforms than to changes in health and that reducing access to DI would raise labor supply.  This seventh phase of the project explores whether older people are healthy enough to work longer. We use two main methods to estimate the health capacity to work, asking how much older individuals today could work if they worked as much as those with the same mortality rate in the past or as younger individuals in similar health. Both methods suggest there is significant additional health capacity to work at older ages.},
	keywords = {Disabilities, Employment and Labor Force, Public Policy, Retirement Planning and Satisfaction, Social Security},
	url = {https://www.nber.org/papers/w21939},
	author = {Courtney Coile and Kevin Milligan and David A Wise}
}
@article {NBERw20120,
	title = {Social Security Programs and Retirement Around the World: Disability Insurance Programs and Retirement - Introduction and Summary},
	year = {2014},
	institution = {NBER},
	abstract = {This is the introduction and summary to the sixth phase of an ongoing project on Social Security Programs and Retirement Around the World. The first phase described the retirement incentives inherent in plan provisions and documented the strong relationship across countries between social security incentives to retire and the proportion of older persons out of the labor force. The second phase documented the large effects that changing plan provisions would have on the labor force participation of older workers. The third phase demonstrated the consequent fiscal implications that extending labor force participation would have on net program costs{\textendash}reducing government social security benefit payments and increasing government tax revenues. The fourth phase presented analyses of the relationship between the labor force participation of older persons and the labor force participation of younger persons in twelve countries. We found no evidence that increasing the employment of older persons will reduce the employment opportunities of youth and no evidence that increasing the employment of older persons will increase the unemployment of youth. The fifth phase on "Historical Trends in Mortality and Health, Employment, and Disability Insurance Participation and Reforms" was intended to set the stage for this current phase. This sixth phase of the ongoing ISS project is particularly related to the fifth phase (Wise, 2012) and the second phase (Gruber and Wise, 2004) of the project. This volume continues the focus of the previous volume on DI programs while extending the methodology to study retirement behavior used in the second phase to focus in particular on the effects of the DI programs. The key question this volume seeks to address is: given health status, to what extent are differences in labor force participation across countries determined by the provisions of disability insurance programs?},
	keywords = {Social Security},
	doi = {10.3386/w20120},
	url = {http://www.nber.org/papers/w20120},
	author = {Courtney Coile and Kevin Milligan and David A Wise}
}
@inbook {5236,
	title = {Fiscal Effects of Social Security Reform in the United States},
	booktitle = {Social Security Programs and Retirement around the World},
	series = {A National Bureau of Economic Research conference report},
	year = {2010},
	pages = {503-531},
	publisher = {University of Chicago Press},
	organization = {University of Chicago Press},
	chapter = {12},
	address = {Chicago},
	keywords = {Other, Public Policy, Social Security},
	author = {Courtney Coile and Gruber, Jonathan},
	editor = {Gruber, Jonathan and David A Wise}
}
