@article {11495, title = {Cross-sectional and prospective association between personality traits and IADL/ADL limitations.}, journal = {Psychology and Aging}, volume = {36}, year = {2021}, pages = {309-321}, abstract = {

Prior research has shown that personality traits are associated with activities of daily living (ADLs) and instrumental ADLs (IADLs). To advance research on the psychological factors related to aging-related functional limitations, this study examined the relation between personality traits and both concurrent and incident functional limitations, tested whether these associations are similar across IADLs and ADLs, and tested potential mediators of these associations. Participants were drawn from eight longitudinal samples from the U.S., England, and Japan. Participants provided data on demographic variables, the five major personality traits, and on the Katz ADL-scale and Lawton IADL-scales. IADL/ADL limitations were assessed again 3-18 years later. A consistent pattern of associations was found between personality traits and functional limitations, with associations slightly stronger for IADLs than ADLs, and robust across samples that used different measures and from different cultural contexts. The meta-analysis indicated that higher neuroticism was related to a higher likelihood of concurrent and incident IADL/ADL limitations, and higher conscientiousness, extraversion, and openness were associated with lower risk. Higher agreeableness was associated with lower risk of concurrent IADL/ADL, but unrelated to incident limitations. Physical activity, disease burden, depressive symptoms, self-rated health, handgrip strength, falls, and smoking status mediated the relation between personality traits and incident IADL/ADL limitations. The present study indicates that personality traits are risk factors for both IADL and ADL limitations across multiple national cohorts, identifies potential mediators, and informs conceptual models on psychological risk factors for functional decline. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).

}, keywords = {ADL disability, ELSA, IADLS, Personality Traits}, issn = {1939-1498}, doi = {10.1037/pag0000502}, author = {Canada, Brice and Yannick Stephan and Fundenberger, Herv{\'e} and Angelina R Sutin and Antonio Terracciano} } @article {11500, title = {Long-term individual and population functional outcomes in older adults with atrial fibrillation.}, journal = {Journal of the American Geriatrics Society}, volume = {69}, year = {2021}, pages = {1570-1578}, abstract = {

Background: Older adults with atrial fibrillation (AF) have multiple risk factors for disablement. Long-term function and the contribution of strokes to disability has not been previously characterized.

Methods: We performed a longitudinal, observational study in the nationally representative Health and Retirement Study (1992-2014). We included participants >=65 years with Medicare claims who met incident AF diagnosis claims criteria. We examined the association of incident stroke with three functional outcomes: independence with activities of daily living (ADL) and instrumental activities of daily living (IADL) and community-dwelling. We fit separate logistic regression models with repeated measures adjusting for comorbidities and demographics to estimate the effect of stroke on function. We estimate the contribution of strokes to the overall population burden of functional impairment using the method of recycled predictions.

Results: Among 3530 participants (median age 79 years, 53\% women, median CHA DS -VASc 5), 262 had a stroke over 17,396 person-years. Independent of stroke and accounting for population comorbidities, annually, ADL dependence increased by 4.4\%, IADL dependence increased by 3.9\%, and nursing home residence increased by 1.2\% (p<0.05 for all). Accounting for comorbidities, of those who experienced a stroke, 31.9\% developed new ADL dependence, 26.5\% developed new IADL dependence, and 8.6\% newly moved to a nursing home (p<0.05 for all). Considering all causes of function loss, 1.7\% of ADL disability-years, 1.2\% of IADL disability-years, and 7.3\% of nursing home years could be attributed to stroke over 7.4years.

Conclusion: Older adults lose substantial function over time following AF diagnosis, independent of stroke. Stroke was associated with a significant decline in function and an increase in the likelihood of nursing home move, but stroke did not accelerate subsequent disability accrual. Because of the high background rate of functional loss, stroke was not the dominant determinant of population-level disability in older adults with AF.

Impact statement: We certify that this work is novel. Little is known about long-term function (ADL, IADL, community-dwelling) among older adults with AF and the association with stroke. This nationally representative study finds a high rate of function loss independent of stroke, and among those who suffer a stroke, a dramatic and immediate decline in function. Because of the high rate of function loss independent of stroke and the relatively low rate of stroke, on a population level, stroke is not the dominant determinant of disability in older adults with AF.

}, keywords = {ADL disability, Atrial Fibrillation, community living, IADLS}, doi = {10.1101/2020.05.04.20091025}, author = {Anna L Parks and Sun Y Jeon and W John Boscardin and Michael A Steinman and Alexander K Smith and Margaret C Fang and Sachin J Shah} } @mastersthesis {10345, title = {Exploring Disability Outcomes among Aging Latinos in the United States: A Mixed Methods Approach}, volume = {PhD}, year = {2019}, note = {Copyright - Database copyright ProQuest LLC; ProQuest does not claim copyright in the individual underlying works; Last updated - 2019-09-20}, pages = {153}, school = {The University of Chicago}, type = {phd}, abstract = {The population of older adults in the United States is currently growing at unprecedented rates, as is the proportion of those older adults who are of Latino descent. Despite a diversifying population of older adults, much of the research exploring the social context of health and aging does not consider the ways in which the sociocultural environment may differ by ethnicity. The objective of this dissertation is to explore and document the ways in which the social environment and cultural context are related to health and disability outcomes among aging Latinos. This examination explores how the social world of disabled Latinos differs from their non-Latino counterparts, how those differences may drive differential experiences of care receipt upon the onset of disability, and how older Latinos themselves articulate their desires for {\textquotedblleft}aging well{\textquotedblright} and care receipt in old age. Ultimately, I argue that the relationship between social context and physical and psychological health outcomes varies according to the cultural values and preferences of the community in which an individual is embedded. For Latinos in particular, the cultural values of familismo and respeto can produce social relationships that are protective against adverse health outcomes in old age, but these values can also paradoxically produce their own anxieties and present unique challenges to {\textquotedblleft}aging well{\textquotedblright} among Latinos.}, keywords = {0351:Gerontology, 0573:Public health, 0626:Sociology, 0737:Hispanic American studies, ADL disability, Aging, ethnicity, Gerontology, Hispanic American studies, Public Health, Social context, Social determinants of health, Sociology}, isbn = {9781085558570}, url = {https://knowledge.uchicago.edu/record/1831?ln=en}, author = {Howard,Alexis L.} }