@article {8143,
	title = {How much do respondents in the health and retirement study know about their contributions to tax-deferred contribution plans? A cross-cohort comparison},
	journal = {Journal of Pension Economics and Finance},
	volume = {14},
	year = {2015},
	note = {Export Date: 6 August 2014 Article in Press},
	pages = {203-239},
	publisher = {14},
	abstract = {We use information from Social Security earnings records to examine the accuracy of survey responses regarding participation in tax-deferred pension plans. As employer-provided defined benefit pensions are replaced by voluntary contribution plans, employees{\textquoteright} understanding of the link between their annual contributions and their post-retirement wealth is becoming increasingly important. We examine the extent to which wage-earners in the Health and Retirement Study (HRS) correctly report their inclusion in tax-deferred contribution plans and, conditional on inclusion, their annual contributions. We use three samples representing different cohorts in three different periods: the original HRS cohort interviewed in 1992 at ages 51-56, the War Babies cohort interviewed in 1998 at ages 51-56, and the Early Baby Boomer cohort interviewed in 2004 at the same ages. Our findings indicate that while respondents interviewed in 1998 and 2004 were more likely to correctly report whether they were included in defined contribution plans, they were no more accurate when reporting whether they had contributed to their plans than respondents interviewed in 1992. Contributors in the three cohorts, moreover, overstated their annual contributions and thus would be likely to realize lower than expected account balances at retirement. The magnitude of this error is not negligible. In all three cohorts, the mean reporting error (the absolute difference between respondent-reported and Social Security earnings record contributions) was approximately 1.5 times larger than the mean contribution in the W-2 earnings record. Copyright   Cambridge University Press 2014 This is a work of the U.S. Government and is not subject to copyright protection in the United States.},
	keywords = {Employment and Labor Force, Pensions, Social Security},
	doi = {10.1017/S1474747214000237},
	author = {Irena Dushi and Honig, Marjorie}
}
@article {5809,
	title = {Participation and Contributions in Tax-deferred Retirement Accounts: Evidence from Social Security Records},
	number = {WP 2009-219},
	year = {2010},
	institution = {University of Michigan Retirement and Disability Research Center},
	address = {Ann Arbor, MI},
	abstract = {Social Security Administration W-2 records contain employee annual tax-deferred contributions for 1990-2003 and sufficient information to calculate tax-deferred contributions for 1984-1989. We use this information to compare tax-deferred contribution profiles of three cohorts of respondents in the Health and Retirement Study to determine whether younger cohorts saved relatively more at the same stage of the life cycle than had older cohorts. We find that participation in tax-deferred retirement plans increased substantially for all cohorts from 1984 to 2003, and that respondents in more recent cohorts were more likely to participate in such plans than respondents of the same ages in the earliest cohort. Their contributions as a percent of earnings were not significantly larger than those of the earliest cohort, however. Despite the increased availability of these employer-provided plans throughout this period, participation rates and contribution amounts remained low among respondents in the lower half of the earnings distribution.},
	keywords = {Pensions, Retirement Planning and Satisfaction, Social Security},
	url = {https://mrdrc.isr.umich.edu/pubs/participation-and-contributions-in-tax-deferred-retirement-accounts-evidence-from-social-security-records/},
	author = {Honig, Marjorie and Irena Dushi}
}
@article {5725,
	title = {How Much Do Respondents in the Health and Retirement Study Know About Their Tax-deferred Contribution Plans? A Crosscohort Comparison},
	number = {WP 2008-201},
	year = {2008},
	institution = {Michigan Retirement Research Center, University of Michigan},
	address = {Ann Arbor, MI},
	abstract = {We use information from Social Security earnings records to examine the accuracy of survey responses regarding participation in tax-deferred pension plans. As employer-provided defined benefit pensions are replaced by voluntary contribution plans, employees  understanding of the link between their annual contribution decisions and their post-retirement wealth is becoming increasingly important. We examine the extent to which wage-earners in the Health and Retirement Study correctly report their inclusion in tax-deferred contribution plans and, conditional on inclusion, their annual contributions. We use two samples representing different cohorts in two different periods: the original HRS cohort interviewed in 1992 at ages 51-61, and a combination of the War Babies and Early Baby Boomer cohorts at the same ages interviewed twelve years later. Our findings indicate that while respondents interviewed in 2004 were more likely to report correctly whether they were included in DC plans, they were no more accurate in reporting whether they contributed to their plans than respondents interviewed in 1992. Respondents in both cohorts, moreover, overestimated their annual contributions. In both 1992 and in 2004, the mean absolute difference between respondent-reported and Social Security earnings record contributions was 1.5 times larger than the mean earnings record contribution.},
	keywords = {Pensions, Social Security},
	url = {https://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/handle/2027.42/64473/wp201.pdf?sequence=1\&isAllowed=y},
	author = {Irena Dushi and Honig, Marjorie}
}
@article {5696,
	title = {Are 401(k) Saving Rates Changing? Cohort/Period Evidence from the Health and Retirement Study},
	number = {WP 2007-160},
	year = {2007},
	institution = {Michigan Retirement and Disability Research Center, University of Michigan},
	address = {Ann Arbor, MI},
	abstract = {This research examines the determinants of eligibility and participation in 401(k) plans using two cross-sections of data from the Health and Retirement Study. Our sample consists of workers ages 51-56 representing two cohorts: the original HRS cohort born 1931-41, first interviewed in 1992, and the Early Baby Boomer (EBB) cohort born 1948-53, interviewed in 2004. Participation in 401(k) pensions in the EBB cohort is nearly 50 percent greater than that of the earlier cohort. This substantial growth in 401(k) plan participation over a relatively brief period may reflect intrinsic differences in tastes between the two cohorts, changes over this period in the external environment regarding retirement saving, or the joint effects of both influences.},
	keywords = {Pensions, Retirement Planning and Satisfaction},
	url = {https://mrdrc.isr.umich.edu/pubs/are-401k-saving-rates-changing-cohort-period-evidence-from-the-health-and-retirement-study/},
	author = {Irena Dushi and Honig, Marjorie}
}
@article {6600,
	title = {Married Women{\textquoteright}s Retirement Expectations:  Do Pensions and Social Security Matter?},
	journal = {American Economic Review},
	volume = {88},
	year = {1998},
	note = {ProCite field 3 : Hunter College and Graduate School, CUNY},
	pages = {202-206},
	publisher = {88},
	keywords = {Methodology, Pensions, Retirement Planning and Satisfaction, Social Security, Women and Minorities},
	url = {https://ideas.repec.org/a/aea/aecrev/v88y1998i2p202-06.html},
	author = {Honig, Marjorie}
}
@article {6547,
	title = {Retirement expectations: differences by race, ethnicity, and gender.},
	journal = {Gerontologist},
	volume = {36},
	year = {1996},
	month = {1996 Jun},
	pages = {373-82},
	publisher = {36},
	abstract = {<p>Analyses by race and ethnicity of several important dimensions of labor market behavior have been constrained in the past by limited samples of the African American and Hispanic populations. This article uses data from the first wave of the Health and Retirement Survey, which oversamples these populations, to compare the retirement plans of African American, Hispanic, and white married men and women. Findings suggest that retirement expectations may accurately forecast retirement behavior and that the differences by race and ethnicity, as well as by gender, that are evident in retirement plans are likely to be reflected in retirement outcomes.</p>},
	keywords = {ethnicity, Female, Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Models, Theoretical, Pensions, Retirement, Sex Factors, Social Security, United States},
	issn = {0016-9013},
	doi = {10.1093/geront/36.3.373},
	author = {Honig, Marjorie}
}
