@article {8253,
	title = {Did the Great Recession Influence Retirement Plans?},
	journal = {Research on Aging},
	volume = {37},
	year = {2015},
	pages = {275-305},
	publisher = {37},
	abstract = {The recent recession constitutes one of the macro forces that may have influenced workers  retirement plans. We evaluate a multilevel model that addresses the influence of macro-, meso-, and micro-level factors on retirement plans, changes in these plans, and expected retirement age. Using data from Waves 8 and 9 of the Health and Retirement Study (N = 2,618), we find that individuals with defined benefit plans are more prone to change toward plans to stop work before the stock market declined, whereas the opposite trend holds for those without pensions. Debts, ability to reduce work hours, and firm unionization also influenced retirement plans. Findings suggest retirement planning education may be particularly important for workers without defined pensions, especially in times of economic volatility.},
	keywords = {Employment and Labor Force, Health Conditions and Status, Pensions, Retirement Planning and Satisfaction},
	doi = {10.1177/0164027514530171},
	url = {http://roa.sagepub.com/content/early/2014/04/22/0164027514530171.abstract},
	author = {Maximiliane E Szinovacz and Adam Davey and Lauren Martin}
}
@article {5854,
	title = {Do Households Increase Their Savings When the Kids Leave Home?},
	year = {2015},
	institution = {Boston College},
	abstract = {Much of the disagreement over whether households are adequately prepared for retirement reflects differences in assumptions regarding the extent to which consumption declines when the kids leave home. If consumption declines substantially when the kids leave home, as some life-cycle models of retirement saving assume, households need to achieve lower replacement rates in retirement and need to accumulate less wealth. Using administrative tax data from the Health and Retirement Study (HRS), as well as the Survey of Income and Program Participation (SIPP), this paper investigates whether household consumption declines when kids leave the home and, if so, by how much. Because consumption data are noisy and savings is the flip side of consumption, this paper examines whether savings in 401(k) plans increase when the kids leave home. The paper also investigates alternative methods of saving, including non-401(k) savings and increased mortgage payments.},
	keywords = {Consumption and Savings, Event History/Life Cycle, Net Worth and Assets, Pensions, Retirement Planning and Satisfaction},
	author = {Irena Dushi and Alicia H. Munnell and Geoffrey T. Sanzenbacher and Anthony Webb}
}
@article {5856,
	title = {Does Retirement Improve Health and Life Satisfaction?},
	year = {2015},
	abstract = {We utilize panel data from the Health and Retirement Study to investigate the impact of retirement on physical and mental health, life satisfaction, and health care utilization. Because poor health can induce retirement, we instrument for retirement using eligibility for Social Security and employer sponsored pensions and coverage by the Social Security earnings test. We find strong evidence that retirement improves both health and life satisfaction. While the impact on life satisfaction occurs within the first 4 years of retirement, many of the improvements in health show up 4 or more years later, consistent with the view that health is a stock that evolves slowly. We find little evidence that retirement influences health care utilization.},
	keywords = {Health Conditions and Status, Pensions, Public Policy, Retirement Planning and Satisfaction, Social Security},
	url = {http://www.nber.org/papers/w21326.pdf},
	author = {Gorry, Aspen and Gorry, Devon and Sita Nataraj Slavov}
}
@article {7743,
	title = {Determinants of retirement timing expectations in the United States and Australia: a cross-national comparison of the effects of health and retirement benefit policies on retirement timing decisions.},
	journal = {J Aging Soc Policy},
	volume = {24},
	year = {2012},
	month = {2012},
	pages = {291-308},
	publisher = {24},
	abstract = {<p>Data from the U.S. Health and Retirement Study (N = 2,589) and the Australian Household Income and Labour Dynamics survey (N = 1,760) were used to compare the macro-level policy frameworks on individual retirement timing expectations for pre-baby boomers (61+ years) and early baby boomers (45 to 60 years). Australian workers reported younger expected age of retirement compared to the U.S. sample. Reporting poor health was more strongly associated with younger expected retirement age in the United States than in Australia. Cohort and gender differences in the United States were found for the effect of private health insurance on younger expected age at retirement. Our results draw attention to how cross-national comparisons can inform us on the effects of policies on retirement expectations among older workers.</p>},
	keywords = {Activities of Daily Living, Age Factors, Australia, Cross-Cultural Comparison, Florida, Health Benefit Plans, Employee, Health Status, Humans, Job Satisfaction, Middle Aged, Pensions, Public Policy, Retirement, Sex Factors, Socioeconomic factors, Time Factors, United States},
	issn = {1545-0821},
	doi = {10.1080/08959420.2012.676324},
	author = {K. A. Sargent-Cox and Kaarin J. Anstey and Kendig, H. and Skladzien, E.}
}
@mastersthesis {6169,
	title = {Determinants of the retirement assets and the amount in stock within retirement assets: Evidence from the Survey of Consumer Finances and the Health and Retirement Study},
	volume = {Ph.D.},
	year = {2012},
	school = {Purdue University},
	address = {West Lafayette, IN},
	abstract = {The purpose of this research was to investigate the determinants of the retirement assets held in Individual Retirement Accounts, Keogh accounts, and current and future pensions. A second purpose was to investigate the determinants of the amount in stock within those retirement assets. Building upon the theory of human capital, the theory of planned behavior, and the bargaining power model, this study proposed that human capital, attitudes related to finances, and the relative bargaining power of the spouse would influence an individual{\textquoteright}s retirement assets and the amount in stocks within the retirement assets. Using data from the Survey of Consumer Finances, Study 1 explored the relationship between the three proposed domains and the amount in retirement assets and the amount in stock within the retirement assets. In Study 2, the relationship between the proposed domains was examined using similar variables but with a relatively older sample (e.g., the Health and Retirement Study). The results of both studies supported the theory of human capital and the theory of health capital. Those who had higher education and those who had better health were more likely to have more in retirement assets, and they have more in the amount of stock within retirement assets. Those who saved regularly and were more likely to take risk when saving and investing had more retirement assets and they have more in the amount of stock within retirement assets. The results on the influence of the spouse on retirement assets and the amount in stock within retirement assets showed some support for the bargaining power model. The retirement assets and the amount in stocks within retirement assets were influenced by the spouse. Age, education, working status of the spouse, and who was the more financial knowledgeable person among the two would influence the retirement assets and the amount in stock within retirement assets of the household head. The results of the study supported the existing literature on human capital and health capital. There was some support for the bargaining power model. The results suggest that educators and financial advisors should encourage couples to discuss their plans about saving for retirement with each other and their advisors. However, many people will be single during some or all of their retirement so individual plans for retirement savings should also be carefully developed. This is an important role for educators and financial advisors. However, older adults with fewer resources (e.g. education, employer-sponsored pension plans) will continue to need the support of Social Security.},
	keywords = {Health Conditions and Status, Methodology, Net Worth and Assets, Other, Pensions, Retirement Planning and Satisfaction},
	author = {Ting-Ying Yang and Feinberg, Richard A.}
}
@article {8954,
	title = {The Displacement Effect of Public Pensions on the Accumulation of Financial Assets.},
	journal = {Fiscal Studies},
	volume = {33},
	year = {2012},
	pages = {107-128},
	abstract = {<p>The generosity of public pensions may depress private savings and provide incentives to retire early. While there is plenty of evidence supporting the latter effect, there remains considerable controversy whether public pensions crowd out private savings. This paper uses international micro-datasets collected over recent years to investigate whether public pensions displace private savings. The identification strategy relies not only on cross-country differences in generosity but also on differences in the progressivity or non-linearity of pension formulas across countries. We estimate that an extra dollar of pension wealth depresses accumulated financial assets around the time of retirement by 22 cents. An extra ten thousand dollars in public pension wealth reduces the average retirement age by roughly one month which implies an elasticity of retirement years with respect to pension wealth of -0.15.</p>},
	keywords = {Finances, Older Adults, Pensions, Retirement Planning and Satisfaction},
	issn = {0143-5671},
	doi = {10.1111/j.1475-5890.2012.00154.x},
	author = {Michael D Hurd and Pierre-Carl Michaud and Susann Rohwedder}
}
@article {6911,
	title = {Do Changes in Pension Incentives Affect Retirement? A Longitudinal Study of Subjective Retirement Expectations},
	journal = {Journal of Public Economics},
	volume = {88},
	year = {2004},
	note = {National Science Foundation, grants 9905275 and 9907824},
	pages = {1307-1333},
	publisher = {88},
	abstract = {This paper investigates the responsiveness of individuals  retirement decisions to forward-looking measures of pension accumulations. In contrast to previous research, we use within-person variation in retirement incentives and are able to control for unobserved heterogeneity in tastes for retirement by studying a panel of subjective retirement expectations. We confirm that individuals do respond as expected to pension incentives, even when we control for individual fixed-effects. However, the magnitude of these responses differ when estimated from models based on within-person versus cross-sectional variation: the inclusion of fixed effects reduces the response by about half.},
	keywords = {Expectations, Pensions},
	url = {http://homepages.nyu.edu/ sc87/chanstevens_retirementexpectations.pdf},
	author = {Sewin Chan and Ann H. Stevens}
}
@article {5568,
	title = {Do Pensions Impede Phased Retirement?},
	number = {1353},
	year = {2003},
	institution = {IZA Institute of Labor Economics},
	address = {Bonn, Germany},
	abstract = {Many workers reveal a preference for a gradual reduction in work hours as they approach retirement ({\textquotedblleft}phased retirement{\textquotedblright}), rather than a sudden change from full-time work to full-time retirement. Pension regulations may impede phased retirement without a switch of employers by prohibiting access to pension assets. This study uses Health and Retirement Survey data to investigate the extent to which a gradual reduction in work hours is made difficult by pensions, particularly defined benefit plans. The study also explores other possible impediments to phased retirement.},
	keywords = {Pensions, Retirement Planning and Satisfaction},
	url = {https://www.iza.org/publications/dp/1353/do-pensions-impede-phased-retirement},
	author = {Even, William and David A. Macpherson}
}
@article {6754,
	title = {Does Retirement Education Teach Individuals to Save Pension Distributions?},
	journal = {Social Security Bulletin},
	volume = {64},
	year = {2001},
	pages = {48-65},
	publisher = {64},
	keywords = {Pensions, Retirement Planning and Satisfaction},
	author = {Leslie A. Muller}
}
@article {5451,
	title = {Does the Balance of Power Within a Family Matter? The Case of the Retirement Equity Act},
	year = {2001},
	institution = {Innocenzo Gasparini Institute for Economic Research},
	keywords = {Adult children, Pensions, Public Policy},
	author = {Aura, Saku}
}
@inbook {5164,
	title = {Developments in Pensions},
	booktitle = {Handbook of Insurance},
	year = {2000},
	note = {ProCite field 6 : In ProCite field 8 : ed.},
	publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
	organization = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
	address = {Boston/Dordrecht/London},
	abstract = {A single reference source for professors, researchers, graduate students, regulators, consultants and practitioners, the book starts with the history and foundations of risk and insurance theory, followed by a review of prevention and precaution, asymmetric information, risk management, insurance pricing, new financial innovations, reinsurance, corporate governance, capital allocation, securitization, systemic risk, insurance regulation, the industrial organization of insurance markets and other insurance market applications. It ends with health insurance, longevity risk, long-term care insurance, life insurance financial products and social insurance.},
	keywords = {Insurance, Pensions},
	url = {https://www.springer.com/us/book/9781461401544},
	author = {Olivia S. Mitchell},
	editor = {Dionne, Georges}
}
@article {5415,
	title = {The Diversity of Risk Among Age-62 Retired Worker Beneficiaries},
	number = {2000-8},
	year = {2000},
	institution = {Center for Retirement Research at Boston College},
	address = {Boston},
	abstract = {This article focuses on age-62 retired-worker beneficiaries, a group whose well-being may be affected by changes in Social Security retirement ages. The analysis: 1) develops different measures of risk of a poor retirement; 2) applies these measures to developing a range of estimates of the risk for age-62 beneficiaries at the threshold of retirement; and 3) assesses how the circumstances of and risks experienced by these beneficiaries vary by such factors as race, gender, health status and marital status. The findings point to great diversity of circumstances among these early retirees and suggest that narrow conceptions of risk may fall short of fully identifying the distributive consequences of retirement age changes, especially for African Americans, Hispanics, low-income, unmarried individuals and unhealthy early retirees.},
	keywords = {Pensions},
	url = {https://crr.bc.edu/working-papers/the-diversity-of-risk-among-age-62-retired-worker-beneficiaries/},
	author = {Kingson, Eric R. and Arsenault, Yvonne}
}
@article {5358,
	title = {A Dynamic Structural Model of Health Insurance and Retirement},
	year = {1998},
	institution = {University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill},
	keywords = {Medicare/Medicaid/Health Insurance, Pensions},
	url = {https://cowles.yale.edu/sites/default/files/files/conf/2000/sdm_blau.pdf},
	author = {David M. Blau and Gilleskie, Donna B.}
}
