@article {13897,
	title = {Association of Epigenetic Age and Everyday Discrimination With Longitudinal Trajectories of Chronic Health Conditions in Older Adults.},
	journal = {The Journals of Gerontology. Series A, Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences},
	volume = {79},
	year = {2024},
	abstract = {<p>We investigated the strength of the association between baseline epigenetic age, everyday discrimination, and trajectories of chronic health conditions (CHCs) across 3 study waves, among adults 50 years of age and older. We used 2016-2020 data from the Health and Retirement Study (HRS). Data for the PhenoAge and DNAm GrimAge second-generation epigenetic clocks were from the 2016 HRS Venous Blood Study. CHC trajectories were constructed using latent class growth curve models. Multinomial logistic regression models assessed the strength of the association between accelerated epigenetic age, everyday discrimination, and the newly constructed CHC trajectories for participants with complete data (n = 2~893). In the fully adjusted model, accelerated PhenoAge (relative risk ratios [RRR] = 2.53, 95\% confidence interval [95\% CI] = 1.81, 3.55) and DNAm GrimAge (RRR = 2.79, 95\% CI = 1.95, 4.00) were associated with classification into the high CHC trajectory class. Racial disparities were evident, with increased risk of classification into the high trajectory class for Black (PhenoAge: RRR = 1.69, 95\% CI = 1.07, 2.68) and reduced risk for Hispanic (PhenoAge: RRR = 0.32, 95\% CI = 0.16, 0.64; DNAm GrimAge: RRR = 0.34, 95\% CI = 0.17, 0.68), relative to White participants. Everyday discrimination was associated with classification into the medium-high (RRR = 1.28, 95\% CI = 1.00, 1.64) and high (RRR = 1.52, 95\% CI = 1.07, 2.16) trajectory classes in models assessing DNAm GrimAge. More research is needed to better understand the longitudinal health outcomes of accelerated aging and adverse social exposures. Such research may provide insights into vulnerable adults who may need varied welfare supports earlier than the mandated chronological age for access to federal and state resources.</p>},
	keywords = {Aged, Aging, Black or African American, DNA Methylation, Epigenesis, Genetic, Epigenomics, Hispanic or Latino, Humans, Logistic Models, Social Discrimination},
	issn = {1758-535X},
	doi = {10.1093/gerona/glae005},
	author = {Mutambudzi, Miriam and Brown, Maria T and Chen, Nai-Wei}
}
@article {8190,
	title = {Weight Discrimination and Risk of Mortality.},
	journal = {Psychol Sci},
	volume = {26},
	year = {2015},
	note = {Times Cited: 0 0},
	month = {2015 Nov},
	pages = {1803-11},
	publisher = {26},
	abstract = {<p>Discrimination based on weight is a stressful social experience linked to declines in physical and mental health. We examined whether this harmful association extends to risk of mortality. Participants in the Health and Retirement Study (HRS; N = 13,692) and the Midlife in the United States Study (MIDUS; N = 5,079) reported on perceived discriminatory experiences and attributed those experiences to a number of personal characteristics, including weight. Weight discrimination was associated with an increase in mortality risk of nearly 60\% in both HRS participants (hazard ratio = 1.57, 95\% confidence interval = [1.34, 1.84]) and MIDUS participants (hazard ratio = 1.59, 95\% confidence interval = [1.09, 2.31]). This increased risk was not accounted for by common physical and psychological risk factors. The association between mortality and weight discrimination was generally stronger than that between mortality and other attributions for discrimination. In addition to its association with poor health outcomes, weight discrimination may shorten life expectancy.</p>},
	keywords = {Adult, Aged, Female, Humans, Male, Mental Health, Middle Aged, Mortality, Overweight, Prejudice, Proportional Hazards Models, Social Discrimination, Stress, Psychological, Surveys and Questionnaires, United States},
	issn = {1467-9280},
	doi = {10.1177/0956797615601103},
	author = {Angelina R Sutin and Yannick Stephan and Antonio Terracciano}
}
