@article {8966, title = {Functional limitations and health care resource utilization for individuals with cognitive impairment without dementia: Findings from a United States population-based survey.}, journal = {Alzheimer{\textquoteright}s \& Dementia}, volume = {6}, year = {2017}, month = {2017}, pages = {65-74}, abstract = {

INTRODUCTION: Little is known about functional limitations and health care resource utilization of people with cognitive impairment with no dementia (CIND).

METHODS: Respondents with stable or progressive cognitive impairment (CI) after the first (index) indication of CIND in 2000-2010 were identified from the Health and Retirement Study (HRS). Respondents never exhibiting CI were identified as potential controls. Propensity score-based optimal matching was used to adjust for differences in demographics and history of stroke. Differences between cohorts were assessed accounting for HRS survey design.

RESULTS: After matching, CIND respondents had more functional limitations (difficulty with >=1 activities of daily living: 24\% vs. 15\%; >=1 instrumental activities of daily living: 20\% vs. 11\%) and hospital stays (37\% vs. 27\%) than respondents with no CI (all P~<~.001). Seventy five percent of CIND respondents developed dementia in the observable follow-up (median time: \~{}6~years).

DISCUSSION: Even before dementia onset, CI is associated with increased likelihood of functional limitations and greater health care resource use.

}, keywords = {CIND, Cognitive Ability, Functional limitations, Older Adults}, doi = {10.1016/j.dadm.2016.11.005}, author = {J. Scott Andrews and Desai, Urvi and Noam Y Kirson and Caroline J. Enloe and Ristovska, Ljubica and King, Sarah and Howard G. Birnbaum and Adam S. Fleisher and Ye, Wenyu and Kahle-Wrobleski, Kristin} }