@article {9930,
	title = {The Effect of Adherence to Screening Guidelines on the Risk of Alzheimer{\textquoteright}s Disease in Elderly Individuals Newly Diagnosed With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.},
	journal = {Gerontology \& Geriatric Medicine},
	volume = {4},
	year = {2018},
	month = {2018 Jan-Dec},
	pages = {2333721418811201},
	abstract = {The aim of this study was to examine the possibility that type 2 diabetes and Alzheimer{\textquoteright}s disease may share common behavioral protective factors such as adherence to type 2 diabetes treatment guidelines given that these two diseases have both epidemiological and metabolic similarities. : The method used in this study is a retrospective cohort study of 3,797 U.S. Medicare fee-for-service beneficiaries aged 66+ newly diagnosed with type 2 diabetes and without a prior record of Alzheimer{\textquoteright}s disease based on the Health and Retirement Study. : Results of a left-truncated Cox model showed that adherence reduces the risk of Alzheimer{\textquoteright}s disease by 20\% to 24\%. Other significant effects were college education (hazard ratio [HR]: 0.65;  value: .023), stroke (HR: 1.40;  value: .013), and 4+ limitations in physical functioning (HR: 1.33;  value: .008). : Risk of Alzheimer{\textquoteright}s disease can be reduced by behavioral factors. Possible mechanisms may include earlier start of interventions to reduce blood glucose levels and improve insulin sensitivity.},
	keywords = {Alzheimer{\textquoteright}s disease, Cognitive Ability, Diabetes, Medicare linkage, Screenings},
	issn = {2333-7214},
	doi = {10.1177/2333721418811201},
	author = {Arseniy P Yashkin and Akushevich, Igor and Svetlana Ukraintseva and Anatoliy Yashin}
}
@article {9730,
	title = {Time Trends in the Prevalence of Neurocognitive Disorders and Cognitive Impairment in the United States: The Effects of Disease Severity and Improved Ascertainment},
	journal = {Journal of Alzheimer{\textquoteright}s Disease},
	volume = {64},
	year = {2018},
	pages = {137-148},
	abstract = {Background:

Trends in the prevalence of cognitive impairment (CI) based on cognitive assessment instruments are often inconsistent with those of neurocognitive disorders (ND) based on Medicare claims records.

Objective:
We hypothesized that improved ascertainment and resulting decrease in disease severity at the time of diagnosis are responsible for this phenomenon.

Methods:
Using Medicare data linked to the Health and Retirement Study (1992{\textendash}2012), we performed a joint analysis of trends in CI and ND to test our hypothesis.

Results:
We identified two major contributors to the divergent directions in CI and ND trends: reductions in disease severity explained more than 60\% of the differences between CI and ND prevalence over the study period; the remaining 40\% was explained by a decrease in the fraction of undiagnosed individuals.

Discussion:
Improvements in the diagnoses of ND diseases were a major contributor to reported trends in ND and CI. Recent forecasts of CI and ND trends in the U.S. may be overly pessimistic.},
	keywords = {CIND, Cognitive Ability, Dementia, Medicare linkage, Medicare/Medicaid/Health Insurance},
	issn = {13872877},
	doi = {10.3233/JAD-180060},
	url = {http://www.medra.org/servlet/aliasResolver?alias=iospress\&doi=10.3233/JAD-180060},
	author = {Akushevich, Igor and Arseniy P Yashkin and Kravchenko, Julia and Svetlana Ukraintseva and Stallard, Eric and Anatoliy Yashin}
}
