@article {LEE2020,
	title = {Falls in community-dwelling older adults with heart failure: A retrospective cohort study},
	journal = {Heart \& Lung},
	year = {2020},
	abstract = {Background While heart failure (HF) in older adults is associated with fall risk, little is known about this in the U.S. Objective To examine the independent effect of functional impairments related to HF on falls among community-dwelling older adults in the U.S. Methods A retrospective cohort study was conducted with 17,712 community-dwelling older adults aged 65 and above with (n = 1693) and without HF, using mixed-effects logistic regression to examine the association between HF and falls. Results HF patients had 14\% greater odds of falling than those without HF. Moreover, HF patients with functional difficulties in mobility, large muscle difficulty, instrumental activities of daily living difficulty, poor vision, and urinary incontinence demonstrated an increased likelihood of falling. Conclusion Community-dwelling older adults with HF and functional difficulties have a higher fall risk than those without HF, indicating that fall prevention programs should be developed, tested, and implemented for this population.},
	keywords = {Aging, Falls, Heart Failure, Nursing, Older Adults},
	issn = {0147-9563},
	doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hrtlng.2019.12.005},
	url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S014795631930559X},
	author = {Kayoung Lee and Matthew A. Davis and John E. Marcotte and Susan J Pressler and Jersey Liang and Nancy A. Gallagher and Marita G. Titler}
}
@mastersthesis {10260,
	title = {Risk Factors for Falls in Community-Dwelling Older Adults with Heart Failure.},
	volume = {PhD},
	year = {2018},
	month = {06/2018},
	pages = {171},
	school = {University of MIchigan},
	address = {Ann Arbor, MI},
	abstract = {Community-dwelling older adults with heat failure (HF) appear to have a greater risk of falling related to their symptoms, comorbid diseases, and/or adverse effect of HF management. The complexity of HF conditions and the growing number of HF patients pose new challenges for developing innovative fall prevention programs. To be successful, it is essential first to examine the independent effect of HF on falls, and to describe fall risk factors in the HF population. However, little is known about the effect of HF on falls in the U.S. population, and known risk factors have not been fully examined specific to HF patients. This study had two aims. Aim 1 examined the independent effect of HF on the likelihood of falling among community-dwelling older adults. Aim 2 explored functional impairment (i.e., physical, cognitive, sensory, and urinary impairment) in explaining falls among community-dwelling older adults with HF. This retrospective cohort study used data from Health and Retirement Study (HRS), a nationally-representative longitudinal study. The sample for Aim 1 included 17,712 community-dwelling older adults aged 65 or older, who participated in at least two consecutive HRS interview waves between 1998 and 2014. Among them, the sample for Aim 2 included 1,693 community-dwelling older adults with self-reported HF. This study found that HF patients had a 14\% higher likelihood of falling than those without HF, after controlling for socio-demographics, physical and psychological symptoms, health behaviors, functional factors, psychiatric medication use, and environmental factors (OR = 1.14, 95\% CI: 1.04, 1.26). This study of the sample of HF patients found that while a decline in sensory function was least associated with falls, three functional domains (declines in physical, cognitive, or urinary function) were associated with an approximately two-fold higher likelihood of falling, after controlling for socio-demographic factors (i.e., age, sex, race/ethnicity, and spouse/partner status). This study provides empirical evidence for developing fall prevention interventions specific to community-dwelling older adults with HF. Future prospective studies are needed to extend this research to elucidate the causal mechanism among HF, functional factors and falls. Also, future work is needed to understand the indirect effect of behavioral/environmental factors, and/or person-environment interactions, which have not been fully tested on falls in HF patients. In order to develop and test fall prevention interventions for this population, more attention needs to be paid to HF patients{\textquoteright} fall experiences in outpatient, primary or home care settings and their need for support from caregivers, health providers, and the social community.},
	keywords = {Heart Failure, Older Adults, Risk Factors},
	url = {https://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/handle/2027.42/144142?show=full},
	author = {Kayoung Lee}
}
