@article {maurer_mitchell_2020,
	title = {Older peoples{\textquoteright} willingness to delay social security claiming},
	journal = {Journal of Pension Economics and Finance},
	volume = {20},
	year = {2021},
	pages = {410 - 425},
	type = {Journal},
	abstract = {We have designed and implemented an experimental module in the 2014 Health and Retirement Study to measure older persons{\textquoteright} willingness to defer claiming of Social Security benefits. Under the current system{\textquoteright} status quo where delaying claiming boosts eventual benefits, we show that 46\% of the respondents would delay claiming and work longer. If respondents were instead offered an actuarially fair lump sum payment instead of higher lifelong benefits, about 56\% indicate they would delay claiming. Without a work requirement, the average amount needed to induce delayed claiming is only $60,400, while when part-time work is stipulated, the amount is slightly higher, $66,700. This small difference implies a low utility value of leisure foregone, of under 20\% of average household income.},
	keywords = {Annuity, Labor Supply, lump sum, Retirement Age, Social Security},
	doi = {10.1017/S1474747219000404},
	author = {Maurer, Raimond and Olivia S. Mitchell}
}
@article {9826,
	title = {Widowhood and Retirement Timing: Evidence from the Health and Retirement Study},
	journal = {The B.E. Journal of Economic Analysis \& Policy},
	volume = {18},
	year = {2018},
	month = {Sep-06-2019},
	abstract = {The combination of an increasing life expectancy, low fertility rates, and an early effective retirement age creates a pressure to act for governments and organizations. The pay-as-you-go social security systems of many countries are troubled by the increasing ratio of retirees to working people. In addition, many organizations face difficulties caused by a shrinking workforce and the accompanied shortage of skilled workers. To counteract, it is essential to create an environment in which older workers are encouraged to stay in the workforce. Therefore, it is important to understand which factors influence the retirement timing decision of workers. This study analyzes how widowhood and changes in demographic, health-related, and financial factors lead to changes in retirement plans of Health and Retirement Study (HRS) respondents. I compare respondents{\textquoteright} actual retirement age with their retirement plans elicited in the HRS wave prior to retirement. The strongest change in retirement timing is caused by widowhood. Respondents who become widowed retire on average 1.7 years earlier than previously planned. The estimated effect of widowhood goes beyond the deterioration of physical health and mental health. My findings suggest that an intervention in an early stage after widowhood by the employer or by health and social care services can help the widowed employee to overcome the temporary adverse effects of widowhood and to prevent a precipitous retirement decision.


},
	keywords = {Life Expectancy, Retirement Age, Social Security, Widowhood},
	doi = {10.1515/bejeap-2017-0178},
	url = {https://search.proquest.com/docview/2091249748/ED9FE239DE41490BPQ?accountid=14667},
	author = {Schreiber, Philipp}
}
@article {9868,
	title = {Work Ability Trajectories and Retirement Pathways A Longitudinal Analysis of Older American Workers },
	journal = {Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine},
	volume = {60},
	year = {2018},
	month = {07/2018},
	pages = {7},
	chapter = {E343-E348},
	abstract = {Objective: To determine whether older workers who follow different work ability (WA) trajectories tend to follow different retirement pathways. Methods: Nationally representative data on Americans born between 1943 and 1948. Latent class growth modeling to estimate trajectories of work ability between ages 53-54 and 65-66. Multinomial log-linear models to assess the association between WA trajectories and retirement pathways. Results: Three WA trajectories were identified: high (74\%), declining (17\%), and low (9\%). Low WA leads more often to an early-gradual retirement. Declining WA leads to both early-gradual and early-crisp retirements. Conclusions: Workers with low and declining WA are more at risk of unemployment, disability, and inactivity prior to retirement; workers with declining WA are also likely to make a direct transition to early retirement. Future changes to social security should consider inter-individual variation over time in WA.},
	keywords = {Disabilities, Retirement, Retirement Age, Unemployment, Working Longer},
	url = {apps.webofknowledge.com/InboundService.do?product=WOS\&Func=Frame\&DestFail=http\%3A\%2F\%2Fwww.webofknowledge.com\%3FDestParams\%3DUT\%253DWOS\%25253A000446201600005\%2526customersID\%253DAlerting\%2526smartRedirect\%253Dyes\%2526action\%253Dretrieve\%2526mode\%253DFullR},
	author = {Boissonneault, Michael and de Beer, Joop}
}
@article {8553,
	title = {Reforming retirement age in DB and DC pension systems in an aging OLG economy with heterogenous agents},
	journal = {IZA Journal of Labor Policy},
	volume = {5},
	year = {2016},
	month = {Jan-12-2016},
	abstract = {We analyze the effects of increasing the retirement age in two economies with overlapping generations and within cohort ex ante heterogeneity. The first economy has a defined benefit system, and the second economy is in transition from a defined benefit to a defined contribution. We find that if increase in the retirement age is phased in a way that allows agents to adjust, welfare is not reduced and welfare effects have a similar magnitude and between-cohort distribution in both types of the pension systems.},
	keywords = {Economics, Pensions, Retirement Age, Welfare},
	doi = {10.1186/s40173-016-0067-8},
	url = {https://izajolp.springeropen.com/articles/10.1186/s40173-016-0067-8},
	author = {Tyrowicz, Joanna and Makarski, Krzysztof and Bielecki, Marcin}
}
@article {12837,
	title = {Measuring the Spillover to Disability Insurance Due to the Rise in the Full Retirement Age},
	year = {2010},
	institution = {Center for Retirement Research at Boston College},
	abstract = {The increase in the full retirement age in the Social Security program provides exogenous variation in the generosity in the Social Security Disability Insurance (SSDI) program, based only on birth year. We exploit this variation to estimate how responsive SSDI applications are to the financial incentive to apply. We find that a 1-percentage-point decrease in the retirement-to-disability benefit ratio leads to a 0.25-percentage-point increase in the SSDI application rate for the sample, which represents an 8-percent increase in applications per two years. When weighted to account for sampling design, we estimate that this change in the financial incentive accounted for about 5 percent of the SSDI applications in 2009. However, we do not find a corresponding increase in SSDI receipt based on the financial incentives{\textellipsis}},
	keywords = {Disability, disability insurance, Retirement Age},
	url = {https://crr.bc.edu/working-papers/measuring-the-spillover-to-disability-insurance-due-to-the-rise-in-the-full-retirement-age/},
	author = {Norma B Coe and Haverstick, Kelly}
}
