@inbook {5171,
	title = {Social Security Incentives for Retirement},
	booktitle = {Themes in the Economics of Aging},
	year = {2001},
	note = {ProCite field 8 : ed.},
	publisher = {Univ. of Chicago Press},
	organization = {Univ. of Chicago Press},
	chapter = {10},
	address = {Chicago},
	abstract = {The {\textquoteright}tax effect{\textquoteright} is one of the effects used to explain the rapid decline in the labor force participation of older men over age 62.  This paper provides a thorough investigation of this {\textquoteright}tax effect{\textquoteright} by studying it along four different dimensions. Using HRS data, the impact of SS retirement incentives are considered and the distribution of the incentives across the population is assessed.  The paper then examines the role of private pensions and the importance of considering retirement incentives in the next year vs. considering incentives for all possible years.},
	keywords = {Demographics, Employment and Labor Force, Net Worth and Assets, Retirement Planning and Satisfaction},
	url = {https://www.nber.org/papers/w7651},
	author = {Courtney Coile and Gruber, Jonathan},
	editor = {David A Wise}
}
@article {6717,
	title = {Saver Behavior and 401(k) Retirement Wealth},
	journal = {American Economic Review},
	volume = {90},
	year = {2000},
	note = {RDA 1999-002},
	pages = {297-302},
	publisher = {90},
	abstract = { Contributions to 401(k) plans are now the most
 important form of retirement saving. Since 401(k)
 plans were introduced in the early 1980{\textquoteright}s, they
 have expanded rapidly and continuously. By
 1998, roughly half of all households were eligible
 to participate in 401(k) plans, and more than 36
 million workers made contributions to these
 employer-provided saving plans. In 1995, the last
 year for which the U.S. Department of Labor
 has released definitive data, 401(k) contribu-
 tions amounted to $87.4 billion, or 55 percent of
 all contributions to employer-sponsored pension
 plans. The level of contributions, and their share
 of all pension contributions, is probably signifi-
 cantly higher today.
 The spread of 401(k) plans is the most
 important indicator of the move to personal
 retirement saving. In 1980, almost 92 percent
 of pension-plan contributions were to tradi-
 tional employer-provided plans, and about
 64 percent of these contributions were to
 conventional defined-benefit plans. Today,
 almost 60 percent of contributions are to
 personal retirement accounts, including 401(k),
 IRA, and Keogh plans. Including employer-
 provided, non-40 1 (k) defined-contribution
 plans, over 76 percent of contributions are to
 plans that are controlled in large measure by
 individuals. These individuals make partici-
 pation, contribution, asset-allocation, and
 withdrawal decisions.
 In this paper, we describe the likely impor-
 tance of 401(k) assets for future older Ameri-
 cans and the effect of investment decisions on
 asset accumulation. We also examine the extent
 to which retirement assets may be affected by
 several decisions: preretirement withdrawals,
 management fees and expenses, contribution
 rates, and early retirement. Our analysis focuses
 on 401(k) saving, but applies more broadly to
 other forms of individual retirement saving.},
	keywords = {Consumption and Savings, Net Worth and Assets, Pensions, Retirement Planning and Satisfaction, Social Security},
	url = {https://www.jstor.org/stable/117239?seq=1},
	author = {James M. Poterba and Steven F Venti and David A Wise}
}
