@article {9991, title = {A longitudinal study of work-related psychosocial factors and injuries: Implications for the aging United States workforce.}, journal = {American Journal of Industrial Medicine}, volume = {62}, year = {2019}, pages = {212-221}, abstract = {Introduction: This study aimed to identify psychosocial work factors that may individually or, in combination, influence injury outcomes among aging United States (U.S.) workers. Methods: Data from the U.S. Health and Retirement Study (HRS) of 3305 working adults, aged 50 years and above, were used to identify associations between work-related psychosocial factors and injury incidence from 2006 to 2014, using adjusted incidence rate ratios. Results: Employees perceiving their work as high in psychological and physical demands/efforts, low in support, and rewards, compared to those in workplaces with low demands, high support, and high rewards, had a risk of injury two times greater. Males, compared with females, had a greater risk for injuries when interactions among several psychosocial work-related factors were modeled. Conclusions: The fact that important gender-based differences emerged when interactions among the psychosocial factors and injury were modeled, suggests opportunities for further research and potential interventions to enhance the working environment.}, keywords = {Employment and Labor Force, Psychosocial, Risk Factors}, issn = {1097-0274}, doi = {10.1002/ajim.22945}, author = {Navneet Kaur Baidwan and Susan Goodwin Gerberich and Kim, Hyun and Andrew D Ryan and Timothy Church and Benjamin D Capistrant} } @article {9004, title = {Later-Life Disability in Environmental Context: Why Living Arrangements Matter.}, journal = {Gerontologist}, volume = {58}, year = {2018}, month = {04/2018}, abstract = {

Background and Objectives: Household social and environmental context are key elements of the disablement process, yet few studies explicitly examine the relationship between household composition, housing type, and disability progression. This study investigates the risk of older adults{\textquoteright} disability progression by type of living arrangement (e.g., household composition, housing type) and whether the relationship varies by socioeconomic status.

Research Design and Methods: We used Health and Retirement Study data (waves 1998-2012; n = 41,467 total observations) and fit time-series logistic regression models to estimate increases in activities of daily living (ADLs) and instrumental activities of daily living (IADLs) limitations. Because living arrangements are influenced by financial resources, we also stratified analyses by wealth.

Results: Disability rates were highest among those living alone or with nonfamily others and in self-described fair/poor quality housing. Overall, disability risk was more strongly associated with wealth than living arrangements. For more affluent older adults, living alone was associated with a decreased risk of IADL disability; for the least affluent older adults, living alone had the opposite association-increased risk of both ADL and IADL disability.

Discussion and Implications: Later-life disability progression should be understood in the context of both household environment and wealth. Household composition and housing characteristics were associated with disability progression and the risk of increasing disability was consistently higher for those in the lowest wealth quintile. These findings identify where older adults with disabilities live and that comprehensive interventions to reduce disability progression should consider household social and environmental context, as well as wealth.

}, keywords = {Disabilities, Living arrangements, Nursing homes, Older Adults}, issn = {1758-5341}, doi = {10.1093/geront/gnx019}, author = {Carrie Elizabeth Henning-Smith and Shippee, Tetyana and Benjamin D Capistrant} } @article {9867, title = {A longitudinal study of work-related injuries: comparisons of health and work-related consequences between injured and uninjured aging United States adults}, journal = {Injury Epidemiology}, volume = {5}, year = {2018}, month = {Jan-12-2018}, abstract = {Background: Age may affect one{\textquoteright}s susceptibility to the myriad physical hazards that may pose risks for work-related injuries. Aging workers are not only at risk for work-related injuries but, also, at even higher risk for more severe health and work-related consequences. However, limited longitudinal research efforts have focused on such injuries among the aging workforce. This study aimed to investigate the association between physical work-related factors and injuries among United States (U.S.) workers, and then compare the injured and uninjured workers with regard to consequences including, functional limitations, and reduced working hours post injury. A cohort of 7212 U.S. workers aged 50 years and above from the U.S. Health and Retirement Study were retrospectively followed from 2004 to 2014. Data on exposures were lagged by one survey wave prior to the outcome of work-related injuries and consequences, respectively. Crude and adjusted incident rate ratios, and hazard ratios were estimated using generalized estimating equations and Cox models. Results: Risk of experiencing a work-related injury event was over two times greater among those whose job had work requirements for physical effort, lifting heavy loads, and stooping/kneeling/crouching, compared to those who did not. Over time, injured compared to uninjured workers had higher risks of functional limitations and working reduced hours. Conclusions: The aging workforce is at a high risk of experiencing injuries. Further, injured adults were not only more likely to incur a disability prohibiting daily life-related activities, over time, but, also, were more likely to work reduced hours. It will be important to consider accommodations to minimize functional limitations that may impair resulting productivity. {\textcopyright} 2018, The Author(s).}, keywords = {health, Injury, Physical Health, Workers\&$\#$039; compensation}, doi = {10.1186/s40621-018-0166-7}, url = {https://www.scopus.com/record/display.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85053897689\&origin=SingleRecordEmailAlert\&dgcid=raven_sc_search_en_us_email\&txGid=c198e96897366b934b1253093117b258}, author = {Navneet Kaur Baidwan and Susan Goodwin Gerberich and Kim, Hyun and Andrew D Ryan and Timothy Church and Benjamin D Capistrant} } @article {7759, title = {Long-term rate of change in memory functioning before and after stroke onset.}, journal = {Stroke}, volume = {43}, year = {2012}, month = {2012 Oct}, pages = {2561-6}, abstract = {

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Memory impairment is a predictor and a consequence of stroke, but memory decline is common even in healthy elderly individuals. We compared the long-term trajectory of memory functioning before and after stroke with memory change in stroke-free elderly individuals.

METHODS: Health and Retirement Study participants aged 50 years and older (n=17 340) with no stroke history at baseline were interviewed biennially up to 10 years for first self-reported or proxy-reported stroke (n=1574). Age-, sex-, and race-adjusted segmented linear regression models were used to compare annual rates of change in a composite memory score before and after stroke among 3 groups: 1189 stroke survivors; 385 stroke decedents; and 15 766 cohort members who remained stroke-free.

RESULTS: Before stroke onset, individuals who later survived stroke had significantly (P<0.001) faster average annual rates of memory decline (-0.143 points per year) than those who remained stroke-free throughout follow-up (-0.101 points per year). Stroke decedents had even faster prestroke memory decline (-0.212 points per year). At stroke onset, memory declined an average of -0.369 points among stroke survivors, comparable with 3.7 years of age-related decline in stroke-free cohort members. After stroke, memory in stroke survivors continued to decline at -0.142 points per year, similar to their prestroke rates (P=0.93). Approximately 50\% of the memory difference between stroke survivors soon after stroke and age-matched stroke-free individuals was attributable to prestroke memory.

CONCLUSIONS: Although stroke onset induced large decrements in memory, memory differences were apparent years before stroke. Memory declines before stroke, especially among those who did not survive the stroke, were faster than declines among stroke-free adults.

}, keywords = {Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Cohort Studies, disease progression, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Humans, Linear Models, Longitudinal Studies, Male, Memory, Memory Disorders, Middle Aged, Stroke, Survivors, Time Factors}, issn = {1524-4628}, doi = {10.1161/STROKEAHA.112.661587}, author = {Qianyi Wang and Benjamin D Capistrant and Amy Ehntholt and M. Maria Glymour} }