@article {7692,
	title = {Loneliness, health, and mortality in old age: a national longitudinal study.},
	journal = {Soc Sci Med},
	volume = {74},
	year = {2012},
	month = {2012 Mar},
	pages = {907-14},
	publisher = {74},
	abstract = {<p>This study examined the relationship between loneliness, health, and mortality using a U.S. nationally representative sample of 2101 adults aged 50 years and over from the 2002 to 2008 waves of the Health and Retirement Study. We estimated the effect of loneliness at one point on mortality over the subsequent six years, and investigated social relationships, health behaviors, and health outcomes as potential mechanisms through which loneliness affects mortality risk among older Americans. We operationalized health outcomes as depressive symptoms, self-rated health, and functional limitations, and we conceptualized the relationships between loneliness and each health outcome as reciprocal and dynamic. We found that feelings of loneliness were associated with increased mortality risk over a 6-year period, and that this effect was not explained by social relationships or health behaviors but was modestly explained by health outcomes. In cross-lagged panel models that tested the reciprocal prospective effects of loneliness and health, loneliness both affected and was affected by depressive symptoms and functional limitations over time, and had marginal effects on later self-rated health. These population-based data contribute to a growing literature indicating that loneliness is a risk factor for morbidity and mortality and point to potential mechanisms through which this process works.</p>},
	keywords = {Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Aging, Cohort Studies, depression, Female, Health Behavior, Health Status, Humans, Interpersonal Relations, Loneliness, Longitudinal Studies, Male, Middle Aged, Mortality, Social Support, Socioeconomic factors, United States},
	issn = {1873-5347},
	doi = {10.1016/j.socscimed.2011.11.028},
	url = {http://proquest.umi.com.proxy.lib.umich.edu/pqdweb?did=2601961601andFmt=7andclientId=17822andRQT=309andVName=PQD},
	author = {Ye Luo and Louise C Hawkley and Linda J. Waite and John T. Cacioppo}
}
@article {7694,
	title = {A Longitudinal Study of Social Status, Perceived Discrimination, and Physical and Emotional Health Among Older Adults},
	journal = {Research on Aging},
	volume = {34},
	year = {2012},
	pages = {275},
	publisher = {34},
	abstract = {This study examines the relationships between social status, perceived discrimination, and physical and emotional health using a nationally representative sample of 6,377 older adults from the 2006 and 2008 waves of the Health and Retirement Study. About 63  of older adults reported at least one type of everyday discrimination and 31  reported at least one major discriminatory event during lifetime. Blacks, those separated, divorced, or widowed, and those with lower household assets have higher levels of perceived discrimination than Whites, the married or partnered, and those with more assets. Perceived discrimination is negatively associated with changes in health over 2 years, and everyday discrimination has stronger effects than major discriminatory events, especially on emotional health. The effects of perceived everyday discrimination on changes in depressive symptoms and self-rated health are independent of general stress. Efforts to reduce discrimination, including perceptions of discrimination, can be beneficial for health in old age.  PUBLICATION ABSTRACT},
	keywords = {Demographics, Employment and Labor Force, Health Conditions and Status, Women and Minorities},
	url = {http://proquest.umi.com.proxy.lib.umich.edu/pqdweb?did=2621993131andFmt=7andclientId=17822andRQT=309andVName=PQD},
	author = {Ye Luo and Jun Xu and Granberg, E. and Wentworth, W.}
}
