@article {8163, title = {Measurement Invariance of Cognitive Abilities Across Ethnicity, Gender, and Time Among Older Americans.}, journal = {J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci}, volume = {70}, year = {2015}, month = {2015 May}, pages = {386-97}, publisher = {70}, abstract = {

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this research was to test the invariance of the cognitive variables in the Health and Retirement Study/Asset Health Dynamics Among the Oldest Old studies (HRS/AHEAD) across ethnicity, gender, and time.

METHOD: Analyses were conducted using a selected subsample of the HRS/AHEAD data set. The cognitive performance tests measuring episodic memory and mental status were used, and invariance of a two-factor structure was tested using confirmatory factor analyses and multilevel modeling for longitudinal data.

RESULTS: Results provided some support for "strict" factorial invariance of the episodic memory and mental status measures across ethnicity and gender. Further support of weak ("metric") measurement invariance was found across time.

DISCUSSION: Results of the research further our understanding of invariance of the HRS/AHEAD cognitive ability measures. Further implications are discussed.

}, keywords = {Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Black People, Female, Hispanic or Latino, Humans, Male, Memory, Episodic, Mental Processes, Middle Aged, Neuropsychological tests, Psychometrics, Psychomotor Performance, Reproducibility of Results, Sex Factors, Time Factors, United States, White People}, issn = {1758-5368}, doi = {10.1093/geronb/gbt106}, url = {http://psychsocgerontology.oxfordjournals.org/content/early/2013/10/25/geronb.gbt106.abstract}, author = {A Nayena Blankson and John J McArdle} } @article {7396, title = {Memory and depressive symptoms are dynamically linked among married couples: longitudinal evidence from the AHEAD study.}, journal = {Dev Psychol}, volume = {45}, year = {2009}, note = {PMID: 19899917}, month = {2009 Nov}, pages = {1595-610}, publisher = {45}, abstract = {

This study examined dyadic interrelations between episodic memory and depressive symptom trajectories of change in old and advanced old age. The authors applied dynamic models to 10-year incomplete longitudinal data of initially 1,599 married couples from the study of Asset and Health Dynamics Among the Oldest Old (M(age) = 75 years at Time 1). The authors found domain-specific lead-lag associations (time lags of 2 years) among wives and husbands as well as between spouses. For memory, better performance among husbands protected against subsequent memory decline among wives, with no evidence of a directed effect in the other direction. For depressive symptoms, wives{\textquoteright} scores predicted subsequent depression increase and memory decline among husbands. Possible individual covariates (age, education, functional limitations) and spousal covariates (length of marriage, number of children, and whether the couple remained intact over the study period) did not account for differential lead-lag associations. The findings of antecedent-consequent relations between wives and husbands are consistent with life-span notions that individual development both influences and is influenced by contextual factors such as close social relationships.

}, keywords = {Adaptation, Psychological, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Aging, Cognition, depression, Female, Health Status, Humans, Interpersonal Relations, Longitudinal Studies, Male, Marriage, Mental Recall, Models, Psychological, Quality of Life, Spouses}, issn = {1939-0599}, doi = {10.1037/a0016346}, author = {Denis Gerstorf and Christiane A Hoppmann and Kelly M Kadlec and John J McArdle} }