@article {7632,
	title = {Self-care and health outcomes of diabetes mellitus.},
	journal = {Clin Nurs Res},
	volume = {21},
	year = {2012},
	month = {2012 Aug},
	pages = {309-26},
	abstract = {<p>Studies show that self-care improves diabetes mellitus (DM) outcomes; however, previous studies have focused on self-care maintenance, and little is known about self-care management. The objective of this study is to examine the influence of DM self-care maintenance and management on number of hospitalizations and hospitalization days. A cohort design with secondary analysis of data from the Health and Retirement Study 2002-2004 was used. Data from 726 adults with DM were analyzed with logistic regression and negative binomial regression adjusting for covariates. Self-care maintenance and management were significant determinants of hospitalization outcomes. Establishing a goal for HbA1c (self-care management) and eating >=2 snacks or desserts per day (self-care maintenance) were associated with a decrease in hospitalizations (IRR = 0.860, p = .001; IRR = 0.914, p = .043, respectively). DM self-care maintenance and management influence health outcomes but in different ways. These data provide evidence that both elements are needed in the education of patients about DM.</p>},
	keywords = {Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Clinical Nursing Research, Diabetes Mellitus, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Hospitalization, Humans, Length of Stay, Male, Middle Aged, Self Care, Treatment Outcome},
	issn = {1552-3799},
	doi = {10.1177/1054773811422604},
	author = {MinKyoung Song and Sarah J Ratcliffe and Nancy C Tkacs and Barbara Riegel}
}
