TY - JOUR T1 - Stroke-associated differences in rates of activity of daily living loss emerge years before stroke onset. JF - J Am Geriatr Soc Y1 - 2013 A1 - Benjamin D Capistrant A1 - Qianyi Wang A1 - Sze Y Liu A1 - M. Maria Glymour KW - Activities of Daily Living KW - Age of Onset KW - Aged KW - Aged, 80 and over KW - Bayes Theorem KW - Disability Evaluation KW - Disabled Persons KW - Female KW - Follow-Up Studies KW - Geriatric Assessment KW - Humans KW - Male KW - Middle Aged KW - Morbidity KW - Prospective Studies KW - Risk Assessment KW - Risk Factors KW - Socioeconomic factors KW - Stroke KW - Stroke Rehabilitation KW - Survival Rate KW - Survivors KW - Time Factors KW - United States AB -

OBJECTIVES: To compare typical age-related changes in activities of daily living (ADLs) independence in stroke-free adults with long-term ADL trajectories before and after stroke.

DESIGN: Prospective, observational study.

SETTING: Community-dwelling Health and Retirement Study (HRS) cohort.

PARTICIPANTS: HRS participants who were stroke free in 1998 and were followed through 2008 (average follow-up 7.9 years) (N = 18,441).

MEASUREMENTS: Strokes were assessed using self- or proxy-report of a doctor's diagnosis and month and year of event. Logistic regression was used to compare within-person changes in odds of self-reported independence in five ADLs in those who remained stroke free throughout follow-up (n = 16,816), those who survived a stroke (n = 1,208), and those who had a stroke and did not survive to participate in another interview (n = 417). Models were adjusted for demographic and socioeconomic covariates.

RESULTS: Even before stroke, those who later developed stroke had significantly lower ADL independence and were experiencing faster independence losses than similar-aged individuals who remained stroke free. Of those who developed a stroke, survivors experienced slower pre-stroke loss of ADL independence than those who died. ADL independence declined at the time of stroke and decline continued afterwards.

CONCLUSION: In adults at risk of stroke, disproportionate ADL limitations emerge well before stroke onset. Excess disability in stroke survivors should not be entirely attributed to effects of acute stroke or quality of acute stroke care. Although there are many possible causal pathways between ADL and stroke, the association may be noncausal. For example, ADL limitations may be a consequence of stroke risk factors (e.g., diabetes mellitus) or early cerebrovascular ischemia.

PB - 61 VL - 61 IS - 6 U1 - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23668393?dopt=Abstract U4 - Gerontology And Geriatrics/ADL and IADL Impairments/Stroke/Self assessed health/risk Factors ER -