TY - RPRT T1 - Health and Retirement Study Imputation of Cognitive Functioning Measures: 1992-2018 Y1 - 2022 A1 - Ryan J McCammon A1 - Gwenith G Fisher A1 - Hassan, Halimah A1 - Jessica Faul A1 - Rogers, Willard A1 - David R Weir KW - Health Conditions and Status KW - Methodology PB - Survey Research Center, University of Michigan CY - Ann Arbor, Michigan UR - https://hrsdata.isr.umich.edu/sites/default/files/documentation/data-descriptions/1651088507/COGIMP9218_dd.pdf U4 - Cognition/HRS User Guide/methodology ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Disrespect at Work, Distress at Home: A Longitudinal Investigation of Incivility Spillover and Crossover Among Older Workers JF - Working, Aging and Retirement Y1 - 2020 A1 - Lisa A Marchiondo A1 - Gwenith G Fisher A1 - Cortina, Lilia M. A1 - Matthews, Russell A. KW - Older Adults KW - Workplace incivility AB - The prevalence of workplace mistreatment toward older adults is well-documented, yet its effects are understudied. We applied the strength and vulnerability integration model (SAVI) to hypothesize that, despite its low intensity, workplace incivility has numerous deleterious outcomes for older employees over time. Specifically, we investigated whether and how incivility relates to well-being outside of work, among both targeted employees and their partners. We drew on affective events theory to examine how incivility “spills over” to older targets’ personal lives. We also tested whether incivility is potent enough to “crossover” to the well-being of older targets’ partners at home. Based on longitudinal data from a national study of older workers (N = 598; 299 couples), results demonstrate that workplace incivility related to decrements in targets’ affective well-being, which in turn, was associated with life dissatisfaction, interference with work, and lower overall health. Workplace incivility also predicted declines in partner well-being, although these crossover effects varied by gender: Men’s postincivility affective well-being predicted their female partners’ life satisfaction but not vice versa. However, women’s uncivil experiences directly related to the affective well-being of their male partners. These results suggest that for both older workers and their partners, the harms of incivility eventually extend beyond the organizations where they originate. ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Sense of Control, Job Stressors, and Well-Being: Inter-relations and Reciprocal Effects Among Older U.S. Workers JF - Work, Aging and Retirement Y1 - 2018 A1 - Liu, Mengqiao A1 - McGonagle, Alyssa K. A1 - Gwenith G Fisher KW - Depressive symptoms KW - Health Conditions and Status KW - Life Satisfaction KW - Stress KW - Well-being AB - The purpose of this study was to examine dynamic relations among job stressors, sense of control, and well-being among older working adults. Sense of control can be especially important among older adults given their potential vulnerability due to declining resources in health and work ability. Drawing on the conservation of resources (COR) theory, we examined relations between job stressors and sense of control as they relate to older workers' well-being, along with reciprocal relations between sense of control and both job and life satisfaction. Using 3 waves of survey data from 477 older working U.S. adults (age 51+) in the Health and Retirement Study, we examined cross-lagged model results and found reciprocal relations between sense of control and both job and life satisfaction. Results highlight the key role of sense of control in maintaining well-being among older workers. These findings resonate with COR, suggesting that sense of control both affects and is affected by individuals' well-being. Our study sheds light on dynamic processes involving job stressors, sense of control, and well-being and underscores the importance of promoting sense of control for older working adults. VL - 4 UR - https://academic.oup.com/workar/article-lookup/doi/10.1093/workar/waw035 IS - 1 JO - WORKAR ER - TY - CONF T1 - Internet Usage Among Older Adults: Findings from the Health and Retirement Study 2002-2014 T2 - Gerontological Society of America Y1 - 2016 A1 - Gwenith G Fisher A1 - Wallace, L. E. A1 - Lindsay H Ryan A1 - Ryan J McCammon A1 - John J McArdle KW - Internet usage KW - Older Adults KW - Societal changes JF - Gerontological Society of America PB - Oxford ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Individual and Work Factors Related to Perceived Work Ability and Labor Force Outcomes JF - Journal of Applied Psychology Y1 - 2015 A1 - McGonagle, Alyssa K. A1 - Gwenith G Fisher A1 - Janet L. Barnes-Farrell A1 - James Grosch KW - Employment and Labor Force KW - Health Conditions and Status AB - Perceived work ability refers to a worker's assessment of his or her ability to continue working in his or her job, given characteristics of the job along with his or her resources. Perceived work ability is a critical variable to study in the United States, given an aging workforce, trends to delay retirement, and U.S. policy considerations to delay the age at which full Social Security retirement benefits may be obtained. Based on the job demands-resources model, cognitive appraisal theory of stress, and push/pull factors related to retirement, we proposed and tested a conceptual model of antecedents and outcomes of perceived work ability using 3 independent samples of U.S. working adults. Data regarding workers' job characteristics were from self-report and Occupational Information Network measures. Results from relative importance analysis indicated that health and sense of control were consistently and most strongly related to work ability perceptions relative to other job demands and job and personal resources when perceived work ability was measured concurrently or 2 weeks later in samples with varying occupations. Job demands (along with health and sense of control) were most strongly related to work ability perceptions when perceived work ability was measured in a manufacturing worker sample 1.6 years later. Perceived work ability also predicted lagged labor force outcomes (absence, retirement, and disability leave) while controlling for other known predictors of each. Consistent indirect effects were observed from health status and sense of control to all 3 of these outcomes via perceived work ability. VL - 100 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84910003696andpartnerID=40andmd5=f924dfde692ab1f7b24f01f2e3a0a0f8 IS - 2 N1 - Export Date: 20 January 2015 Article in Press U4 - Job demands-resources model/Older workers/Perceived work ability/Personal resources/labor Force Participation/Job Demands ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Job strain and trajectories of change in episodic memory before and after retirement: results from the Health and Retirement Study JF - Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health Y1 - 2015 A1 - Andel, Ross A1 - Frank J Infurna A1 - Elizabeth A. Hahn Rickenbach A1 - Crowe, Michael A1 - Lisa A Marchiondo A1 - Gwenith G Fisher KW - Employment and Labor Force KW - Health Conditions and Status AB - Background: We examined indicators of job strain in relation to level and change in episodic memory in the years leading up to as well as following retirement. Methods: Our analyses centre on 3779 individuals from the nationally representative Health and Retirement Study (baseline age 57.3 years) who reported gainful employment in an occupation for 10 years prior to retirement, and who were assessed for episodic memory performance over up to 20 years (median 8 waves over 16 years). We used ratings from the Occupational Information Network (O Net) to score occupations for job control and job demands, and to measure job strain (job demands/job control). Results: Controlling for sociodemographic characteristics, depressive symptoms, and cardiovascular disease, less job control and greater job strain were not significantly associated with change in episodic memory in the period leading up to retirement, but were associated with significantly poorer episodic memory at retirement and an accelerated rate of decline in episodic memory following retirement. The results did not vary for men and women or by self-employment status. Conclusions: Job strain expressed mainly as low job control is linked to poorer episodic memory at retirement and more decline after retirement. Job characteristics appear to have implications for cognitive ageing independent of relevant confounds. PB - 69 VL - 69 IS - 5 N1 - Times Cited: 0 0 U4 - Job strain/episodic Memory/Cognitive Aging ER - TY - RPRT T1 - New Measures of Fluid Intelligence in the HRS Y1 - 2013 A1 - Gwenith G Fisher A1 - John J McArdle A1 - Ryan J McCammon A1 - Amanda Sonnega A1 - David R Weir KW - Health Conditions and Status KW - Methodology AB - This user guide describes how measures designed to test quantitative reasoning, verbal reasoning and verbal fluency were implemented in the 2010 and 2012 waves of the Health and Retirement Study. The Number Series test and Retrieval Fluency test were administered in the 2010 and 2012 waves of HRS to the full sample. The Verbal Analogies test was administered to a 10 percent random sample of the full HRS sample in 2012. Number Series measures quantitative reasoning, a specific type of fluid cognitive ability or fluid intelligence. Quantitative reasoning ability involves reasoning with concepts that depend upon mathematical relationships. The number series task requires the respondent to look at a series of numbers with a number missing from the series. The respondent must determine the numerical pattern and then provide the missing number in the series. Retrieval Fluency measures an aspect of long-term retrieval : fluency of retrieval from stored knowledge. It was first incorporated in the HRS in the 2010 wave . This test is a typical neuropsychology test and was adapted by McArdle and Woodcock from the WJ-III Tests of Achievement: Retrieval Fluency ( Riverside Publishing). The measure consisted of a single item in which respondents were asked to name as many animals as they could within a 60-second time limit. This measure is consistent with animal fluency measures commonly administered in other neuropsychological exams (e.g., the CERAD animal fluency measure; Morris et al., 1989) . Administration protocols, test scoring, and data quality review procedures are discussed for each measure. PB - Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan CY - Ann Arbor, Michigan U4 - Quantitative Reasoning/Verbal Reasoning/Verbal Fluency/Cognition/Cognitive ability/survey Methods ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Incidence of dementia and cognitive impairment, not dementia in the United States. JF - Ann Neurol Y1 - 2011 A1 - Brenda L Plassman A1 - Kenneth M. Langa A1 - Ryan J McCammon A1 - Gwenith G Fisher A1 - Guy G Potter A1 - James R Burke A1 - David C Steffens A1 - Norman L Foster A1 - Bruno J Giordani A1 - Frederick W Unverzagt A1 - Kathleen A Welsh-Bohmer A1 - Steven G Heeringa A1 - David R Weir A1 - Robert B Wallace KW - Aged KW - Aged, 80 and over KW - Alzheimer disease KW - Cognition Disorders KW - Cohort Studies KW - Dementia KW - Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders KW - disease progression KW - Female KW - Humans KW - Logistic Models KW - Longitudinal Studies KW - Male KW - Models, Statistical KW - United States AB -

OBJECTIVE: Estimates of incident dementia, and cognitive impairment, not dementia (CIND) (or the related mild cognitive impairment) are important for public health and clinical care policy. In this paper, we report US national incidence rates for dementia and CIND.

METHODS: Participants in the Aging, Demographic, and Memory Study (ADAMS) were evaluated for cognitive impairment using a comprehensive in-home assessment. A total of 456 individuals aged 72 years and older, who were not demented at baseline, were followed longitudinally from August 2001 to December 2009. An expert consensus panel assigned a diagnosis of normal cognition, CIND, or dementia and its subtypes. Using a population-weighted sample, we estimated the incidence of dementia, Alzheimer disease (AD), vascular dementia (VaD), and CIND by age. We also estimated the incidence of progression from CIND to dementia.

RESULTS: The incidence of dementia was 33.3 (standard error [SE], 4.2) per 1,000 person-years and 22.9 (SE, 2.9) per 1,000 person-years for AD. The incidence of CIND was 60.4 (SE, 7.2) cases per 1,000 person-years. An estimated 120.3 (SE, 16.9) individuals per 1,000 person-years progressed from CIND to dementia. Over a 5.9-year period, about 3.4 million individuals aged 72 and older in the United States developed incident dementia, of whom approximately 2.3 million developed AD, and about 637,000 developed VaD. Over this same period, almost 4.8 million individuals developed incident CIND.

INTERPRETATION: The incidence of CIND is greater than the incidence of dementia, and those with CIND are at high risk of progressing to dementia, making CIND a potentially valuable target for treatments aimed at slowing cognitive decline.

VL - 70 IS - 3 U1 - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21425187?dopt=Abstract U2 - PMC3139807 U4 - Dementia/Cognitive Impairment/Alzheimer disease/vascular dementia/incident dementia ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Vascular health, diabetes, APOE and dementia: the Aging, Demographics, and Memory Study. JF - Alzheimers Res Ther Y1 - 2010 A1 - David J Llewellyn A1 - Iain A Lang A1 - Fiona E Matthews A1 - Brenda L Plassman A1 - Mary A M Rogers A1 - Lewis B Morgenstern A1 - Gwenith G Fisher A1 - Mohammed U Kabeto A1 - Kenneth M. Langa AB -

INTRODUCTION: Evidence from clinical samples and geographically limited population studies suggests that vascular health, diabetes and apolipoprotein epsilon4 (APOE) are associated with dementia.

METHODS: A population-based sample of 856 individuals aged 71 years or older from all contiguous regions of the United States received an extensive in-home clinical and neuropsychological assessment in 2001-2003. The relation of hypertension, diabetes, heart disease, stroke, medication usage, and APOE epsilon4 to dementia was modelled using adjusted multivariable logistic regression.

RESULTS: Treated stroke (odds ratio [OR] 3.8, 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.0, 7.2), untreated stroke (OR 3.5, 95% CI 1.7, 7.3), and APOE epsilon4 (OR 2.8, 95% CI 1.7, 4.5) all increased the odds of dementia. Treated hypertension was associated with lower odds of dementia (OR 0.5, 95% CI 0.3, 1.0). Diabetes and heart disease were not significantly associated with dementia. A significant interaction was observed between APOE epsilon4 and stroke (P = 0.001).

CONCLUSIONS: Data from the first dementia study that is representative of the United States population suggest that stroke, the APOE epsilon4 allele and their interaction are strongly associated with dementia.

PB - 2 VL - 2 UR - http://alzres.com/content/2/3/19 IS - 3 U1 - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20576093?dopt=Abstract U2 - PMC2919699 U4 - Dementia/Vascular dementia/Stroke ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Parental education and late-life dementia in the United States. JF - J Geriatr Psychiatry Neurol Y1 - 2009 A1 - Mary A M Rogers A1 - Brenda L Plassman A1 - Mohammed U Kabeto A1 - Gwenith G Fisher A1 - John J McArdle A1 - David J Llewellyn A1 - Guy G Potter A1 - Kenneth M. Langa KW - Age Distribution KW - Aged KW - Aged, 80 and over KW - Apolipoproteins E KW - Biomarkers KW - Cognition Disorders KW - Dementia KW - Educational Status KW - Fathers KW - Female KW - Genetic Predisposition to Disease KW - Humans KW - Longitudinal Studies KW - Male KW - Mothers KW - Odds Ratio KW - Parents KW - Prevalence KW - Prospective Studies KW - Racial Groups KW - Risk Factors KW - Sex Distribution KW - United States AB -

We investigated the relation between parental education and dementia in the United States. Participants in the Aging, Demographics, and Memory Study were included, with information regarding parental education obtained from the Health and Retirement Study. The odds of dementia in elderly Americans whose mothers had less then 8 years of schooling were twice (95% CI, 1.1-3.8) that of individuals with higher maternal education, when adjusted for paternal education. Of elderly Americans with less educated mothers, 45.4% (95% CI, 37.4-53.4%) were diagnosed with dementia or ;;cognitive impairment, no dementia'' compared to 31.2% (95% CI, 25.0-37.4%) of elderly Americans whose mothers had at least an 8th grade education. The population attributable risk of dementia due to low maternal education was 18.8% (95% CI, 9.4-28.2%). The education of girls in a population may be protective of dementia in the next generation.

PB - 22 VL - 22 IS - 1 U1 - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19073840?dopt=Abstract U2 - PMC2670459 U4 - Dementia/Education/Women ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Prevalence of cognitive impairment without dementia in the United States. JF - Ann Intern Med Y1 - 2008 A1 - Brenda L Plassman A1 - Kenneth M. Langa A1 - Gwenith G Fisher A1 - Steven G Heeringa A1 - David R Weir A1 - Mary Beth Ofstedal A1 - James R Burke A1 - Michael D Hurd A1 - Guy G Potter A1 - Willard L Rodgers A1 - David C Steffens A1 - John J McArdle A1 - Robert J. Willis A1 - Robert B Wallace KW - Aged KW - Aged, 80 and over KW - Cognition Disorders KW - Dementia KW - disease progression KW - Humans KW - Longitudinal Studies KW - Prevalence KW - United States AB -

BACKGROUND: Cognitive impairment without dementia is associated with increased risk for disability, increased health care costs, and progression to dementia. There are no population-based prevalence estimates of this condition in the United States.

OBJECTIVE: To estimate the prevalence of cognitive impairment without dementia in the United States and determine longitudinal cognitive and mortality outcomes.

DESIGN: Longitudinal study from July 2001 to March 2005.

SETTING: In-home assessment for cognitive impairment.

PARTICIPANTS: Participants in ADAMS (Aging, Demographics, and Memory Study) who were age 71 years or older drawn from the nationally representative HRS (Health and Retirement Study). Of 1770 selected individuals, 856 completed initial assessment, and of 241 selected individuals, 180 completed 16- to 18-month follow-up assessment.

MEASUREMENTS: Assessments, including neuropsychological testing, neurologic examination, and clinical and medical history, were used to assign a diagnosis of normal cognition, cognitive impairment without dementia, or dementia. National prevalence rates were estimated by using a population-weighted sample.

RESULTS: In 2002, an estimated 5.4 million people (22.2%) in the United States age 71 years or older had cognitive impairment without dementia. Prominent subtypes included prodromal Alzheimer disease (8.2%) and cerebrovascular disease (5.7%). Among participants who completed follow-up assessments, 11.7% with cognitive impairment without dementia progressed to dementia annually, whereas those with subtypes of prodromal Alzheimer disease and stroke progressed at annual rates of 17% to 20%. The annual death rate was 8% among those with cognitive impairment without dementia and almost 15% among those with cognitive impairment due to medical conditions.

LIMITATIONS: Only 56% of the nondeceased target sample completed the initial assessment. Population sampling weights were derived to adjust for at least some of the potential bias due to nonresponse and attrition.

CONCLUSION: Cognitive impairment without dementia is more prevalent in the United States than dementia, and its subtypes vary in prevalence and outcomes.

PB - 148 VL - 148 IS - 6 U1 - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18347351?dopt=Abstract U2 - PMC2670458 U4 - Cognitive Functioning/Dementia/Health Risk/PREVALENCE ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Latent variable analyses of age trends of cognition in the Health and Retirement Study, 1992-2004. JF - Psychol Aging Y1 - 2007 A1 - John J McArdle A1 - Gwenith G Fisher A1 - Kelly M Kadlec KW - Aged KW - Aged, 80 and over KW - Aging KW - Cognition KW - Female KW - Health Surveys KW - Humans KW - Individuality KW - Longitudinal Studies KW - Male KW - Mental Recall KW - Mental Status Schedule KW - Middle Aged KW - Models, Statistical KW - Neuropsychological tests KW - Psychometrics KW - Retention, Psychology KW - Sex Factors KW - United States AB -

The present study was conducted to better describe age trends in cognition among older adults in the longitudinal Health and Retirement Study (HRS) from 1992 to 2004 (N = 17,000). The authors used contemporary latent variable models to organize this information in terms of both cross-sectional and longitudinal inferences about age and cognition. Common factor analysis results yielded evidence for at least 2 common factors, labeled Episodic Memory and Mental Status, largely separable from vocabulary. Latent path models with these common factors were based on demographic characteristics. Multilevel models of factorial invariance over age indicated that at least 2 common factors were needed. Latent curve models of episodic memory were based on age at testing and showed substantial age differences and age changes, including impacts due to retesting as well as several time-invariant and time-varying predictors.

PB - 22 VL - 22 IS - 3 U1 - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17874952?dopt=Abstract U4 - Cognition/Methodology ER -