TY - JOUR T1 - Neighborhood Cohesion Across the Life Course and Effects on Cognitive Aging. JF - J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci Y1 - 2023 A1 - Choi, Jean A1 - Han, Sae Hwang A1 - Ng, Yee To A1 - Muñoz, Elizabeth AB -

OBJECTIVES: Greater neighborhood cohesion is associated with better cognitive function in adulthood and may serve as a protective factor against cognitive impairment and decline. We build on prior work by examining the effects of perceived neighborhood cohesion across the life course on level and change in cognitive function in adulthood.

METHODS: Utilizing longitudinal data from the Health and Retirement Study (1998-2016) and its Life History Mail Survey, we leveraged data from 3,599 study participants (baseline age: 51-89) who participated in up to 10 waves. Respondents provided retrospective ratings of neighborhood cohesion at childhood (age 10), young adulthood (age at first full-time job), early midlife (age 40), and concurrently at baseline (i.e., late midlife/adulthood); they completed the modified version of the Telephone Interview for Cognitive Status (mTICS). We fit a univariate latent growth curve model of change in cognitive function across waves and tested whether neighborhood cohesion during each recollected life stage predicted level and change in cognitive function.

RESULTS: Greater neighborhood cohesion during childhood and late midlife/adulthood each predicted higher cognitive function at baseline but not rate of cognitive decline. The final model showed that greater neighborhood cohesion in childhood and in late midlife/adulthood remained significantly associated with higher baseline cognitive function, even after accounting for one another.

DISCUSSION: Findings provide insight into life course neighborhood contextual influences on cognitive aging. Our results emphasize the need for more research to understand the life course dynamics between neighborhood environments and cognitive aging.

ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Neighborhood Characteristics and Inflammation among Older Black Americans: The Moderating Effects of Hopelessness and Pessimism. JF - The Journals of Gerontology: Series A Y1 - 2022 A1 - Ann W Nguyen A1 - Harry Owen Taylor A1 - Karen D Lincoln A1 - Qin, Weidi A1 - Tyrone C Hamler A1 - Wang, Fei A1 - Uchechi A Mitchell KW - C-reactive protein KW - cognitive disposition KW - neighborhood physical disadvantage KW - neighborhood social cohesion AB -

BACKGROUND: Research documents the adverse health effects of systemic inflammation. Overall, older Black Americans tend to have higher inflammation than older non-Hispanic white adults. Given that inflammation is related to a range of chronic health problems that disproportionately affect Blacks compared to whites, this racial disparity in inflammation may contribute to racial disparities in particular chronic health problems. Thus, a better understanding of its determinants in the older Black population is of critical importance. This analysis examined the association between neighborhood characteristics and inflammation in a national sample of older non-Hispanic Black Americans. An additional aim of this study was to determine whether hopelessness and pessimism moderates the association between neighborhood characteristics and inflammation.

METHODS: A sample of older non-Hispanic Black Americans aged 60+ were drawn from the Health and Retirement Study (N=1,004). Neighborhood characteristics included neighborhood physical disadvantage and neighborhood social cohesion. Inflammation was assessed by C-reactive protein (CRP).

RESULTS: The analyses indicated that neighborhood physical disadvantage and social cohesion were not associated with CRP. Hopelessness and pessimism moderated the association between neighborhood physical disadvantage and CRP.

CONCLUSIONS: Knowledge regarding the role of hopelessness and pessimism as moderator in the neighborhood-inflammation association can inform cognitive-behavioral interventions targeted at changes in cognition patterns.

VL - 77 IS - 2 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - Net versus Gross Measure of Monetary Transfers in Intergenerational Exchange Studies Y1 - 2019 A1 - Nizalova, Olena KW - Exchange KW - Monetary Transfers KW - Money AB - This paper investigates whether the choice of the net versus gross measure of monetary transfers from adult children to their elderly parents can explain the differences in the estimates of the wage effect on money transfers found in earlier studies. It carefully documents the transfer pattern and points to the limitations of the OLS specification in the analysis of either gross out-transfers from adult children to elderly parents or net transfers. A four-part model is offered as a better alternative for the analysis of intergenerational monetary exchange. This model consists of two Cragg's double hurdle models for out-transfers and in-transfers. The results from estimating this model uncover the following empirical regularities. First, wages of adult children play an important role in the determination of the transfers at the extensive margin: adult children with higher wages are more likely to give to their elderly parents and less likely to receive. Second, among those who participate in the exchange process wages have no effect on the amount of transfer given to parents, while having a positive effect on the amount of transfer received from parents. Finally, it has been found that certain characteristics have similar effect on both probability of being a a giver and a recipient. These features provide a useful guideline for future theoretical research. One of the possible theoretical models that possesses such features is outlined in this paper. PB - University of Kent UR - https://kar.kent.ac.uk/77494/ ER - TY - JOUR T1 - New alcohol-related genes suggest shared genetic mechanisms with neuropsychiatric disorders. JF - Nature Human Behaviour Y1 - 2019 A1 - Evangelou, Evangelos A1 - Gao, He A1 - Chu, Congying A1 - Ntritsos, Georgios A1 - Blakeley, Paul A1 - Butts, Andrew R A1 - Pazoki, Raha A1 - Suzuki, Hideaki A1 - Koskeridis, Fotios A1 - Yiorkas, Andrianos M A1 - Karaman, Ibrahim A1 - Elliott, Joshua A1 - Luo, Qiang A1 - Aeschbacher, Stefanie A1 - Traci M Bartz A1 - Baumeister, Sebastian E A1 - Braund, Peter S A1 - Brown, Michael R A1 - Brody, Jennifer A A1 - Clarke, Toni-Kim A1 - Dimou, Niki A1 - Jessica Faul A1 - Homuth, Georg A1 - Jackson, Anne U A1 - Kentistou, Katherine A A1 - Joshi, Peter K A1 - Lemaitre, Rozenn N A1 - Penelope A Lind A1 - Lyytikäinen, Leo-Pekka A1 - Mangino, Massimo A1 - Milaneschi, Yuri A1 - Nelson, Christopher P A1 - Ilja M Nolte A1 - Perälä, Mia-Maria A1 - Polasek, Ozren A1 - David J Porteous A1 - Scott M Ratliff A1 - Smith, Jennifer A A1 - Stančáková, Alena A1 - Teumer, Alexander A1 - Tuominen, Samuli A1 - Thériault, Sébastien A1 - Vangipurapu, Jagadish A1 - Whitfield, John B A1 - Wood, Alexis A1 - Yao, Jie A1 - Yu, Bing A1 - Zhao, Wei A1 - Dan E Arking A1 - Auvinen, Juha A1 - Liu, Chunyu A1 - Männikkö, Minna A1 - Risch, Lorenz A1 - Rotter, Jerome I A1 - Snieder, Harold A1 - Veijola, Juha A1 - Alexandra I Blakemore A1 - Boehnke, Michael A1 - Campbell, Harry A1 - Conen, David A1 - Johan G Eriksson A1 - Hans-Jörgen Grabe A1 - Guo, Xiuqing A1 - van der Harst, Pim A1 - Catharina A Hartman A1 - Caroline Hayward A1 - Andrew C Heath A1 - Järvelin, Marjo-Riitta A1 - Kähönen, Mika A1 - Sharon L R Kardia A1 - Kühne, Michael A1 - Kuusisto, Johanna A1 - Laakso, Markku A1 - Lahti, Jari A1 - Lehtimäki, Terho A1 - McIntosh, Andrew M A1 - Mohlke, Karen L A1 - Alanna C Morrison A1 - Nicholas G Martin A1 - Oldehinkel, Albertine J A1 - Brenda W J H Penninx A1 - Psaty, Bruce M A1 - Olli T Raitakari A1 - Rudan, Igor A1 - Nilesh J Samani A1 - Scott, Laura J A1 - Timothy Spector A1 - Verweij, Niek A1 - David R Weir A1 - James F Wilson A1 - Levy, Daniel A1 - Tzoulaki, Ioanna A1 - Bell, Jimmy D A1 - Matthews, Paul M A1 - Rothenfluh, Adrian A1 - Desrivières, Sylvane A1 - Schumann, Gunter A1 - Elliott, Paul KW - Adult KW - Aged KW - Alcohol Drinking KW - Alcoholism KW - Brain KW - Female KW - genes KW - Genetic Predisposition to Disease KW - Genome-Wide Association Study KW - Humans KW - Magnetic Resonance Imaging KW - Male KW - Mental Disorders KW - Middle Aged KW - Neuroimaging KW - Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide KW - Quantitative Trait Loci KW - Schizophrenia KW - Whites AB -

Excessive alcohol consumption is one of the main causes of death and disability worldwide. Alcohol consumption is a heritable complex trait. Here we conducted a meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies of alcohol consumption (g d) from the UK Biobank, the Alcohol Genome-Wide Consortium and the Cohorts for Heart and Aging Research in Genomic Epidemiology Plus consortia, collecting data from 480,842 people of European descent to decipher the genetic architecture of alcohol intake. We identified 46 new common loci and investigated their potential functional importance using magnetic resonance imaging data and gene expression studies. We identify genetic pathways associated with alcohol consumption and suggest genetic mechanisms that are shared with neuropsychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia.

VL - 3 IS - 9 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Negative wealth shock and short-term changes in depressive symptoms and medication adherence among late middle-aged adults. JF - Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health Y1 - 2017 A1 - Lindsay R Pool A1 - Belinda L Needham A1 - Sarah A. Burgard A1 - Michael R. Elliott A1 - Carlos F. Mendes de Leon KW - Depressive symptoms KW - Middle age KW - Prescription Medication KW - Wealth Shocks AB -

BACKGROUND: Experiencing a negative wealth shock in late middle age may cause high levels of stress and induce reductions in health-related consumption.

METHODS: We used data on late middle age individuals (51-64 years) from the longitudinal US-based Health and Retirement Study (N=19 281) to examine the relationship between negative wealth shock and short-term outcomes that serve as markers of the pathways from wealth shock to health: elevated depressive symptoms, as a marker of the stress pathway and cost-related medication non-adherence (CRN), as a marker of the consumption pathway. Negative wealth shock was considered to be a loss of total net worth of 75% or more.

RESULTS: Using a nested cross-over approach-a within-person design among exposed individuals only that adjusts by design for all time-invariant individual characteristics-we found that negative wealth shock was significantly associated with increased odds of elevated depressive symptoms (OR=1.50, CI 1.10 to 2.05), but was not significantly associated with higher odds of CRN (OR=1.18, CI 0.76 to 1.82), even after further adjustment for time-varying sociodemographic and health covariates.

CONCLUSIONS: Negative wealth shock during late middle age confers an increased risk of elevated depressive symptoms, but does not change levels of CRN. Personal and policy factors that may buffer the mental health risks of negative wealth shock, such as social support and social welfare policy, should be considered.

VL - 71 IS - 8 U1 - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28416571?dopt=Abstract ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Neighborhood Environment and Falls among Community-Dwelling Older Adults. JF - International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health Y1 - 2017 A1 - Emily J Nicklett A1 - Matthew C. Lohman A1 - Matthew Lee Smith KW - Community-dwelling KW - Health Shocks KW - Neighborhoods KW - Older Adults KW - Social Support AB -

Background: Falls present a major challenge to active aging, but the relationship between neighborhood factors and falls is poorly understood. This study examined the relationship between fall events and neighborhood factors, including neighborhood social cohesion (sense of belonging, trust, friendliness, and helpfulness) and physical environment (vandalism/graffiti, rubbish, vacant/deserted houses, and perceived safety walking home at night). Methods: Data were analyzed from 9259 participants over four biennial waves (2006-2012) of the Health and Retirement Study (HRS), a nationally representative sample of adults aged 65 and older in the United States. Results: In models adjusting for demographic and health-related covariates, a one-unit increase in neighborhood social cohesion was associated with 4% lower odds of experiencing a single fall (odds ratio (OR): 0.96, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.93-0.99) and 6% lower odds of experiencing multiple falls (OR: 0.94, 95% CI: 0.90-0.98). A one-unit increase in the physical environment scale was associated with 4% lower odds of experiencing a single fall (OR: 0.96, 95% CI: 0.93-0.99) and with 5% lower odds of experiencing multiple falls (OR: 0.95, 95% CI: 0.91-1.00) in adjusted models. Conclusions: The physical and social neighborhood environment may affect fall risk among community-dwelling older adults. Findings support the ongoing need for evidence-based fall prevention programming in community and clinical settings.

VL - 14 IS - 2 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - New Blood Pressure-Associated Loci Identified in Meta-Analyses of 475 000 Individuals. JF - Circulation: Cardiovascular Genetics Y1 - 2017 A1 - Kraja, Aldi T A1 - Cook, James P A1 - Warren, Helen R A1 - Surendran, Praveen A1 - Liu, Chunyu A1 - Evangelou, Evangelos A1 - Alisa Manning A1 - Grarup, Niels A1 - Drenos, Fotios A1 - Sim, Xueling A1 - Smith, Albert Vernon A1 - Amin, Najaf A1 - Alexandra I Blakemore A1 - Bork-Jensen, Jette A1 - Brandslund, Ivan A1 - Farmaki, Aliki-Eleni A1 - Fava, Cristiano A1 - Ferreira, Teresa A1 - Herzig, Karl-Heinz A1 - Giri, Ayush A1 - Giulianini, Franco A1 - Grove, Megan L A1 - Guo, Xiuqing A1 - Sarah E Harris A1 - Have, Christian T A1 - Havulinna, Aki S A1 - Zhang, He A1 - Jørgensen, Marit E A1 - Käräjämäki, AnneMari A1 - Charles Kooperberg A1 - Linneberg, Allan A1 - Little, Louis A1 - Liu, Yongmei A1 - Bonnycastle, Lori L A1 - Lu, Yingchang A1 - Mägi, Reedik A1 - Mahajan, Anubha A1 - Malerba, Giovanni A1 - Riccardo E Marioni A1 - Mei, Hao A1 - Menni, Cristina A1 - Alanna C Morrison A1 - Padmanabhan, Sandosh A1 - Walter R Palmas A1 - Poveda, Alaitz A1 - Rauramaa, Rainer A1 - Nigel W Rayner A1 - Riaz, Muhammad A1 - Rice, Ken A1 - Melissa Richard A1 - Smith, Jennifer A A1 - Southam, Lorraine A1 - Stančáková, Alena A1 - Kathleen E Stirrups A1 - Tragante, Vinicius A1 - Tuomi, Tiinamaija A1 - Tzoulaki, Ioanna A1 - Varga, Tibor V A1 - Weiss, Stefan A1 - Yiorkas, Andrianos M A1 - Young, Robin A1 - Zhang, Weihua A1 - Barnes, Michael R A1 - Cabrera, Claudia P A1 - Gao, He A1 - Boehnke, Michael A1 - Boerwinkle, Eric A1 - Chambers, John C A1 - Connell, John M A1 - Cramer Christensen A1 - de Boer, Rudolf A A1 - Ian J Deary A1 - George Dedoussis A1 - Deloukas, Panos A1 - Dominiczak, Anna F A1 - Dörr, Marcus A1 - Joehanes, Roby A1 - Edwards, Todd L A1 - Tõnu Esko A1 - Myriam Fornage A1 - Franceschini, Nora A1 - Franks, Paul W A1 - Gambaro, Giovanni A1 - Leif C Groop A1 - Hallmans, Göran A1 - Hansen, Torben A1 - Caroline Hayward A1 - Heikki, Oksa A1 - Ingelsson, Erik A1 - Tuomilehto, Jaakko A1 - Järvelin, Marjo-Riitta A1 - Sharon L R Kardia A1 - Karpe, Fredrik A1 - Kooner, Jaspal S A1 - Lakka, Timo A A1 - Langenberg, Claudia A1 - Lars Lind A1 - Ruth J F Loos A1 - Laakso, Markku A1 - McCarthy, Mark I A1 - Melander, Olle A1 - Mohlke, Karen L A1 - Morris, Andrew P A1 - Palmer, Colin N A A1 - Pedersen, Oluf A1 - Polasek, Ozren A1 - Neil Poulter A1 - Province, Michael A A1 - Psaty, Bruce M A1 - Ridker, Paul M A1 - Rotter, Jerome I A1 - Rudan, Igor A1 - Veikko Salomaa A1 - Nilesh J Samani A1 - Peter Sever A1 - Skaaby, Tea A1 - Stafford, Jeanette M A1 - John M Starr A1 - van der Harst, Pim A1 - van der Meer, Peter A1 - Cornelia M van Duijn A1 - Vergnaud, Anne-Claire A1 - Gudnason, Vilmundur A1 - Wareham, Nicholas J A1 - Wilson, James G A1 - Willer, Cristen J A1 - Daniel Witte A1 - Zeggini, Eleftheria A1 - Saleheen, Danish A1 - Adam S Butterworth A1 - Danesh, John A1 - Asselbergs, Folkert W A1 - Wain, Louise V A1 - Georg B Ehret A1 - Daniel I Chasman A1 - Caulfield, Mark J A1 - Elliott, Paul A1 - Lindgren, Cecilia M A1 - Levy, Daniel A1 - Newton-Cheh, Christopher A1 - Munroe, Patricia B A1 - Howson, Joanna M M KW - Antiporters KW - Blood pressure KW - Cell Adhesion Molecules, Neuronal KW - Databases, Factual KW - Genetic Loci KW - Genome-Wide Association Study KW - Genotype KW - Humans KW - Microfilament Proteins KW - Phenotype KW - Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide KW - Receptors, Lymphocyte Homing AB -

BACKGROUND: Genome-wide association studies have recently identified >400 loci that harbor DNA sequence variants that influence blood pressure (BP). Our earlier studies identified and validated 56 single nucleotide variants (SNVs) associated with BP from meta-analyses of exome chip genotype data. An additional 100 variants yielded suggestive evidence of association.

METHODS AND RESULTS: Here, we augment the sample with 140 886 European individuals from the UK Biobank, in whom 77 of the 100 suggestive SNVs were available for association analysis with systolic BP or diastolic BP or pulse pressure. We performed 2 meta-analyses, one in individuals of European, South Asian, African, and Hispanic descent (pan-ancestry, ≈475 000), and the other in the subset of individuals of European descent (≈423 000). Twenty-one SNVs were genome-wide significant (<5×10) for BP, of which 4 are new BP loci: rs9678851 (missense, ), rs7437940 (), rs13303 (missense, ), and rs1055144 (). In addition, we identified a potentially independent novel BP-associated SNV, rs3416322 (missense, ) at a known locus, uncorrelated with the previously reported SNVs. Two SNVs are associated with expression levels of nearby genes, and SNVs at 3 loci are associated with other traits. One SNV with a minor allele frequency <0.01, (rs3025380 at ) was genome-wide significant.

CONCLUSIONS: We report 4 novel loci associated with BP regulation, and 1 independent variant at an established BP locus. This analysis highlights several candidate genes with variation that alter protein function or gene expression for potential follow-up.

VL - 10 IS - 5 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Novel Methods and Data Sources for Surveillance of State-Level Diabetes and Prediabetes Prevalence JF - Preventing Chronic Disease Y1 - 2017 A1 - Mardon, Russ A1 - David A Marker A1 - Nooney, Jennifer A1 - Campione, Joanne A1 - Jenkins, Frank A1 - Johnson, Maurice A1 - Merrill, Lori A1 - Deborah B. Rolka A1 - Saydah, Sharon A1 - Geiss, Linda S. A1 - Zhang, Xuanping A1 - Shrestha, Sundar KW - Diabetes KW - Methodology KW - prediabetes AB - States bear substantial responsibility for addressing the rising rates of diabetes and prediabetes in the United States. However, accurate state-level estimates of diabetes and prediabetes prevalence that include undiagnosed cases have been impossible to produce with traditional sources of state-level data. Various new and nontraditional sources for estimating state-level prevalence are now available. These include surveys with expanded samples that can support state-level estimation in some states and administrative and clinical data from insurance claims and electronic health records. These sources pose methodologic challenges because they typically cover partial, sometimes nonrandom subpopulations; they do not always use the same measurements for all individuals; and they use different and limited sets of variables for case finding and adjustment. We present an approach for adjusting new and nontraditional data sources for diabetes surveillance that addresses these limitations, and we present the results of our proposed approach for 2 states (Alabama and California) as a proof of concept. The method reweights surveys and other data sources with population undercoverage to make them more representative of state populations, and it adjusts for nonrandom use of laboratory testing in clinically generated data sets. These enhanced diabetes and prediabetes prevalence estimates can be used to better understand the total burden of diabetes and prediabetes at the state level and to guide policies and programs designed to prevent and control these chronic diseases. VL - 14 ER -