TY - JOUR T1 - Upstream Intergenerational Transfers JF - Southern Economic Journal Y1 - 2002 A1 - Frank A Sloan A1 - Zhang, Harold H. A1 - Wang, Jingshu KW - Altruism KW - Error rates KW - Expected values KW - Nursing homes KW - Older Adults KW - Parents KW - Siblings KW - Standard of living KW - Wage rate AB - This study analyzes upstream intergenerational transfers from middle-aged children to their elderly parents. We formulate a model in which the middle-aged child transfers both money and time to an elderly parent based on an altruistic motive. We examine substitution between financial transfers and time transfers using data from the Health and Retirement Study (HRS). Empirical results support the assumption that upstream transfers are motivated by altruism, particularly financial transfers. Parents financially worse off than their middle-aged children receive more money. They are more likely to live nearby if not coresident. Overall, the results for time transfers provide weaker support for our model than financial transfers. A child with a high wage tends to transfer money rather than time, suggesting that the two types of transfers are partial substitutes. Reprinted by permission of the publisher. PB - 69 VL - 69 IS - 2 U4 - Intergenerational Transfers ER -