TY - JOUR T1 - Caring for individuals with dementia and cognitive impairment, not dementia: findings from the aging, demographics, and memory study. JF - J Am Geriatr Soc Y1 - 2011 A1 - Gwenith G Fisher A1 - Melissa M Franks A1 - Brenda L Plassman A1 - Stephanie Brown A1 - Guy G Potter A1 - David J Llewellyn A1 - Mary A M Rogers A1 - Kenneth M. Langa KW - Activities of Daily Living KW - Aged KW - Analysis of Variance KW - Caregivers KW - Cognition Disorders KW - Cross-Sectional Studies KW - Dementia KW - Female KW - Humans KW - Linear Models KW - Male KW - Neuropsychological tests KW - Time Factors KW - United States AB -

OBJECTIVES: To compare the characteristics and outcomes of caregivers of adults with dementia with those of caregivers of adults with cognitive impairment, not dementia (CIND).

DESIGN: Cross-sectional.

SETTING: In-home assessment for cognitive impairment and self-administered caregiving questionnaire.

PARTICIPANTS: One hundred sixty-nine primary family caregivers of participants in the Aging, Demographics, and Memory Study (ADAMS). ADAMS participants were aged 71 and older drawn from the nationally representative Health and Retirement Study.

MEASUREMENTS: Neuropsychological testing, neurological examination, clinical assessment, and medical history were used to assign a diagnosis of normal cognition, CIND, or dementia. Caregiving measures included caregiving time, functional limitations, depressive symptoms, physical and emotional strain, caregiving rewards, caregiver health, and demographic characteristics.

RESULTS: Dementia caregivers spent approximately 9 hours per day providing care, compared with 4 hours per day for CIND caregivers (P=.001). Forty-four percent of dementia caregivers exhibited depressive symptoms, compared with 26.5% of CIND caregivers (P=.03). Physical and emotional strains were similar in both groups of caregivers. Regardless of the strains, nearly all caregivers reported some benefits from providing care. Behavioral problems (P=.01) and difficulty with instrumental activities of daily living (P=.01) in persons with CIND partially explained emotional strain experienced by CIND caregivers. For those with dementia, behavioral problems predicted caregiver emotional strain (P<.001) and depressive symptoms (P=.01).

CONCLUSION: Although support services are available to dementia caregivers, CIND caregivers also expend considerable time and experience strains. The real caregiver burden of cognitive impairment in the U.S. population may therefore be greatly underestimated if people who have reached the diagnostic threshold for dementia are focused on exclusively.

PB - 59 VL - 59 UR - http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1532-5415.2010.03304.x/full IS - 3 U1 - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21391939?dopt=Abstract U2 - PMC3646395 U4 - Activities of Daily Living/Analysis of Variance/Caregivers/ psychology/Caregivers/ psychology/Cognition Disorders/ nursing/Cognition Disorders/ nursing/Cross-Sectional Studies/Dementia/ nursing/Dementia/ nursing/Female/Humans/Linear Models/Linear Models/Neuropsychological Tests/Time Factors ER - TY - JOUR T1 - It takes two: marriage and smoking cessation in the middle years. JF - J Aging Health Y1 - 2002 A1 - Melissa M Franks A1 - Pienta, Amy M. A1 - Linda A. Wray KW - Female KW - Health Behavior KW - Humans KW - Male KW - Marital Status KW - Marriage KW - Middle Aged KW - Smoking cessation KW - Social Support KW - Spouses AB -

OBJECTIVES: In this prospective study of smoking cessation among married individuals in midlife we examine correspondence in the change of each partner's smoking status with that of the other, independent of established psychosocial correlates of smoking cessation.

METHODS: Using longitudinal data from the first two waves of the Health and Retirement Study, 1992-1994, hierarchical logistic regression models were estimated for married male and female smokers separately.

RESULTS: Findings support our hypothesis of correspondence in the smoking cessation of married male and female smokers net of other sociodemographic, health, and health behavior characteristics.

DISCUSSION: These findings suggest that initiation and maintenance of this positive lifestyle change may be more easily achieved when both marital partners are given information and support to quit smoking at the same time.

PB - 14 VL - 14 IS - 3 U1 - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12146510?dopt=Abstract U4 - Smoking Cessation ER -