TY - RPRT T1 - Psychosocial and Lifestyle Questionnaire 2006 - 2022 Y1 - 2023 A1 - Jacqui Smith A1 - Lindsay H Ryan A1 - Larkina, Marina A1 - Amanda Sonnega A1 - David R Weir PB - Survey Research Center, Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan CY - Ann Arbor, MI ER - TY - RPRT T1 - Creating a Public Resource: O*NET Job Characteristics Data Set for Use with the Health and Retirement Study and Other Surveys Y1 - 2022 A1 - Helppie-McFall, Brooke A1 - Carr, Dawn C A1 - Amanda Sonnega KW - O*NET KW - occupational information KW - Older workers KW - Social Security Administration KW - work environments AB - Creating a public resource of historical occupational information from the O*NET database linked with survey data in the HRS will allow researchers to better inform policy makers about the impact of long-term exposure to different types of tasks or work environments on the ability and willingness of older adults to work longer. This is relevant to informing potential behavioral responses and other effects of potential SSA policy changes such as increasing the age of eligibility for OASI. With a growing need to understand how individuals within the same work environments experience different outcomes, particularly among those from under-represented groups (e.g., racial and ethnic minorities), pairing O*NET data with HRS data has important implications for scientific advances that can promote more equitable work environments. This project will complete the documentation report of the data set linking 2019 O*NET measures to the 2010 Census occupation code frame; link 2019 O*NET-Census 2010 data set to HRS occupations from 2010 forward; write documentation report of the data set linking 2019 O*NET measures to the HRS occupation data from 2010 forward for the HRS website; and conduct validation and quality control analyses. JF - MRDRC Projects PB - Michigan Retirement and Disability Research Center, University of Michigan CY - Ann Arbor, MI UR - https://mrdrc.isr.umich.edu/projects/creating-a-public-resource-onet-job-characteristics-data-set-for-use-with-the-health-and-retirement-study-and-other-surveys/ ER - TY - RPRT T1 - LHMS User Guide 2015-2017 Y1 - 2022 A1 - Jacqui Smith A1 - Ofstedal, Mary Beth A1 - Larkina, Marina A1 - Helppie-McFall, Brooke A1 - Amanda Sonnega A1 - David R Weir KW - life history KW - mail survey KW - User guide PB - Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan CY - Ann Arbor, MI ER - TY - RPRT T1 - The Relationship Between Adverse Experiences Over the Life Course and Early Retirement Due to Disability Y1 - 2021 A1 - Amanda Sonnega A1 - Helppie-McFall, Brooke KW - Adversity KW - Disability KW - Early retirement AB - A growing body of research implicates life span adversity in later-life outcomes. We use data from the Life History Mail Survey (LHMS) with data from the Health and Retirement Study (HRS) core surveys to examine the relationship between adverse experiences over the life course and retirement due to disability. We employ 31 measures of childhood and adulthood adversities in both the financial and social domains. We create three measures of retirement due to disability based on survey responses to questions about health as a reason for retiring and the extent to which health limits work ability. For each measure of early retirement due to disability, we perform competing risk survival analysis modeling these outcomes relative to continued work or retirement for any other reason. We conduct these analyses in four samples depending on the component of the survey the data from which the data derived, with the sample including LHMS information being the most restricted but including the greatest number of adversities. Cumulative life adversity was associated with all outcomes examined, including the most conservative specification of disability retirement (i.e., retirement in the context of a health problem that completely limits work) and across all samples. We also found that childhood financial adversity and adult social adversity were most consistently associated with an increased hazard of retirement due to disability in our analysis, which balances the greatest number of adversities with a reasonably large sample (Sample 3). JF - Working Paper PB - Retirement and Disability Research Center, University of Michigan CY - Ann Arbor UR - https://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/171806 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Using HRS-ONET Linked Data to Study Subjective and Objective Mismatch Between Work Demands and Capacity at Older Ages JF - Innovation in Aging Y1 - 2021 A1 - Amanda Sonnega A1 - Gwenith G Fisher A1 - Helppie-McFall, Brooke KW - O*NET KW - work demands KW - worker ability AB - Mismatch between demands of work and workers’ ability to meet those demands may play an important role in retirement decisions. This presentation extends earlier work using Health and Retirement Study data linked to O*NET to develop measures of discrepancy between individual’s own reports of physical and mental abilities and 1) their perceptions of the physical and mental demands of their jobs and 2) O*NET ratings of the physical and mental demands of their jobs. In particular, we utilize newly available linked information using 2010 Census codes and 2019 O*NET ratings that reflect more current jobs. We then examine the impact of each type of mismatch (subjective and objective) on retirement timing. Overall, we find a stronger connection between subjective mismatch relative to objective mismatch. We discuss implications of this finding in terms of the value of the O*NET linkage and potential interventions aimed at extending working lives for positive aging. VL - 5 IS - Suppl _1 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Associations Between Diagnosis with Type 2 Diabetes and Changes in Physical Activity among Middle-Aged and Older Adults in the United States JF - Innovation in Aging Y1 - 2020 A1 - Emily J Nicklett A1 - Chen, Jieling A1 - Xiang, Xiaoling A1 - Leah R. Abrams A1 - Amanda Sonnega A1 - Kimson E Johnson A1 - Cheng, Jianjia A1 - Shervin Assari KW - Age at diagnosis KW - Chronic disease self-management KW - Event-oriented model KW - Life-course perspective KW - Piecewise regression KW - Race/ethnicity AB - BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Physical activity (PA) is an effective strategy for diabetes self-management and is central to the diabetes regimen. Diagnostic events present an opportunity for health behavior change; however, many older adults with type 2 diabetes (T2D) do not engage in regular PA. The relationships between diagnosis events and subsequent changes in PA are not well understood. Drawing upon life-course theory, this is the first study to examine whether the diagnosis of T2D is followed by a change in PA, whether these changes are sustained, and the sociodemographic characteristics associated with these changes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: We examined associations between T2D diagnosis and PA changes among 2,394 adults ages 51+ from the Health and Retirement Study (2004-2014). PA changes were measured using metabolic equivalents of task (METs) estimated values accounting for the vigor and frequency of self-reported PA. Using piecewise mixed models, we examined initial and sustained changes in METs over time and tested whether these changes were modified by race/ethnicity, educational level, gender, and age at diagnosis. RESULTS: Across participants, a significant postdiagnosis increase was observed in self-reported PA following the diagnostic event (β: 0.54, 95% CI: 0.10, 0.97). The steepness of decline in PA participation over time did not change significantly following T2D diagnosis. Age at diagnosis and race/ethnicity significantly moderated these relationships: participants diagnosed at older ages were less likely to improve PA following diagnosis and non-Hispanic whites experienced relatively steeper rates of decline following diagnosis with T2D. DISCUSSION AND IMPLICATIONS: Modest diagnosis-related increases in PA were observed among participants overall. The usual rate of decline in PA appears unaffected by diagnosis overall. Age at diagnosis and race/ethnicity moderated these relationships. Key implications for future research and clinical practice are discussed. VL - 4 SN - 2399-5300 IS - 1 U4 - igz048[PII] ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Frailty Phenotype and Cause-Specific Mortality in the United States JF - The Journals of Gerontology: Series A Y1 - 2020 A1 - Matthew C. Lohman A1 - Amanda Sonnega A1 - Nicholas V Resciniti A1 - Amanda N Leggett KW - Cause of Death KW - Frailty KW - Incidence KW - Mortality KW - Prefrailty AB - Frailty is a common condition among older adults increasing risk of adverse outcomes including mortality; however, little is known about the incidence or risk of specific causes of death among frail individuals.Data came from the Health and Retirement Study (HRS; 2004–2012), linked to underlying cause-of-death information from the National Death Index (NDI). Community-dwelling HRS participants aged 65 and older who completed a general health interview and physical measurements (n = 10,490) were included in analysis. Frailty was measured using phenotypic model criteria—exhaustion, low weight, low energy expenditure, slow gait, and weakness. Underlying causes of death were determined using International Classification of Diseases, Version 10 codes. We used Cox proportional hazards and competing risks regression models to calculate and compare incidence of cause-specific mortality by frailty status.During follow-up, prefrail and frail older adults had significantly greater hazard of all-cause mortality compared to individuals without symptoms (adjusted hazard ratio [HR] prefrail: 1.85, 95\% CI: 1.51, 2.25; HR frail: 2.75, 95\% CI: 2.14, 3.53). Frailty was associated with 2.96 (95\% CI: 2.17, 4.03), 2.82 (95\% CI: 2.02, 3.94), 3.48 (95\% CI: 2.17, 5.59), and 2.87 (95\% CI: 1.47, 5.59) times greater hazard of death from heart disease, cancer, respiratory illness, and dementia, respectively.Significantly greater risk of mortality from several different causes should be considered alongside the potential costs of screening and intervention for frailty in subspecialty and general geriatric clinical practice. Findings may help investigators estimate the potential impact of frailty reduction approaches on mortality. VL - 75 IS - 10 N1 - glaa025 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The Health and Retirement Study Harmonized Cognitive Assessment Protocol Project: Study Design and Methods JF - Neuroepidemiology Y1 - 2020 A1 - Kenneth M. Langa A1 - Lindsay H Ryan A1 - Ryan J McCammon A1 - Richard N Jones A1 - Jennifer J Manly A1 - Deborah A Levine A1 - Amanda Sonnega A1 - Farron, M. A1 - David R Weir KW - Cognition KW - cognitive assessment KW - study design AB - Introduction: The Harmonized Cognitive Assessment Protocol (HCAP) Project is a substudy within the Health and Retirement Study (HRS), an ongoing nationally representative panel study of about 20,000 adults aged 51 or older in the United States. The HCAP is part of an international research collaboration funded by the National Institute on Aging to better measure and identify cognitive impairment and dementia in representative population-based samples of older adults, in the context of ongoing longitudinal studies of aging in high-, middle-, and low-income countries around the world. Methods: The HCAP cognitive test battery was designed to measure a range of key cognitive domains affected by cognitive aging (including attention, memory, executive function, language, and visuospatial function) and to allow harmonization and comparisons to other studies in the United States and around the world. The HCAP included a pair of in-person interviews, one with the target HRS respondent (a randomly selected HRS sample member, aged 65+) that lasted approximately 1 h and one with an informant nominated by the respondent that lasted approximately 20 min. The final HRS HCAP sample included 3,496 study subjects, representing a 79% response rate among those invited to participate. Conclusion: Linking detailed HCAP cognitive assessments to the wealth of available longitudinal HRS data on cognition, health, biomarkers, genetics, health care utilization, informal care, and economic resources and behavior will provide unique and expanded opportunities to study cognitive impairment and dementia in a nationally representative US population-based sample. The fielding of similar HCAP projects in multiple countries around the world will provide additional opportunities to study international differences in the prevalence, incidence, and outcomes of dementia globally with comparable data. Like all HRS data, HCAP data are publicly available at no cost to researchers. SN - 0251-5350 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Physical Activity and Insomnia Symptoms Over 10 Years in a U.S. National Sample of Late-Middle-Age and Older Adults: Age Matters JF - Journal of Aging and Physical Activity Y1 - 2020 A1 - Amanda Sonnega A1 - Amanda N Leggett A1 - Renee Pepin A1 - Shervin Assari KW - insomnia AB - Research suggests that physical activity may influence sleep, yet more research is needed before it can be considered a frontline treatment for insomnia. Less is known about how this relationship is moderated by age. Using multilevel modeling, we examined self-reported physical activity and insomnia symptoms in 18,078 respondents from the U.S. nationally representative Health and Retirement Study (2004–2014). The mean baseline age was 64.7 years, with 53.9% female. Individuals who reported more physical activity (B = −0.005, p < .001) had fewer insomnia symptoms. Over 10 years, the respondents reported fewer insomnia symptoms at times when they reported more physical activity than was average for them (B = −0.003, p < .001). Age moderated this relationship (B = 0.0002, p < .01). Although modest, these findings concur with the literature, suggesting moderate benefits of physical activity for sleep in older adults. Future research should aim to further elucidate this relationship among adults at advanced ages. ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Sleep Difficulties and Cognition over a 10-Year Period in a National Sample of U.S. Older Adults JF - Innovation in Aging Y1 - 2020 A1 - Robbins, Rebecca A1 - Amanda Sonnega A1 - Robert W. Turner A1 - Jean-Louis, Girardin A1 - Butler, Mark A1 - Osorio, Ricardo M A1 - Kenneth M. Langa KW - cognitive function KW - Gerontology KW - healthy aging KW - Sleep KW - Translational medicine AB - Sleep difficulties are common among older adults and are associated with cognitive decline. We used data from a large, nationally representative longitudinal survey of adults over the age of 50 in the U.S. to examine the relationship between specific sleep difficulties and cognitive function over time.Longitudinal data from the 2004-2014 waves of the Health and Retirement Study were used in the current study. We examined sleep difficulties and cognitive function within participants and across time (n=16,201). Sleep difficulty measures included difficulty initiating sleep, nocturnal awakenings, early morning awakenings, and waking feeling rested from rarely/never (1) to most nights (3). The modified Telephone Interview for Cognitive Status (TICS-m) was used to measure cognitive function. Generalized Linear Mixed Models (GLMM) were used with time varying covariates to examine the relationship between sleep difficulties and cognitive function over time.In covariate-adjusted models, compared to “never” reporting sleep difficulty, difficulty initiating sleep “most nights” was associated with worse cognitive function over time (Year 2014: b=-0.40, 95%CI: -0.63 to -0.16, p<.01) as was difficulty waking up too early “most nights” (Year 2014: b=-0.31, 95%CI: -0.56 to -0.07, p<.05). In covariate-adjusted analyses, compared to “never” reporting waking up feeling rested, cognitive function was higher among those who reported waking up feeling rested “some nights” (Year 2010: b=0.21, 95%CI: 0.02 to 0.40, p<.05).Our findings highlight an association between early morning awakenings and worse cognitive function, but also an association between waking feeling rested and better cognitive function over time.Sleep difficulties are common among older adults yet reduce quality of life and also contribute to the development of and potentially accelerate cognitive decline. This study examines specific sleep difficulties (e.g., difficulty falling asleep) and their unique relationship to cognition over time among older adults in the U.S. The primary aim of this work is to illuminate the specific sleep difficulties that are most concerning from the standpoint of cognitive impairment so as to inform the design of future tailored sleep improvement programs for older adults. SN - 2399-5300 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Till death do us part: Intersecting health and spousal dementia caregiving on caregiver mortality. JF - Journal of Aging and Health Y1 - 2020 A1 - Amanda N Leggett A1 - Amanda Sonnega A1 - Matthew C. Lohman KW - Caregiving KW - Cognitive Ability KW - End of life decisions KW - Marriage AB -

OBJECTIVE: We consider whether it is the healthiest dementia caregivers who experience a mortality benefit and whether a protective association is consistent for leading causes of mortality.

METHOD: Using the Health and Retirement study (2000-2012), Cox survival models predict time to death for dementia caregivers, including an interaction between dementia caregiver status and self-rated health. The nationally representative sample consisted of 10,650 married adults aged 51 or older (917 dementia caregivers).

RESULTS: A significant interaction between dementia caregiver status and self-rated health suggested that relative to noncaregivers, dementia caregivers had reduced mortality, with this effect particularly strong at lower levels of self-rated health. The protective effect of dementia caregiver status was consistent across death by heart disease, cancer, and cerebrovascular disease.

DISCUSSION: These findings add to a growing body of literature suggesting that caregiving may provide a mortality benefit and a reason to maintain health.

VL - 32 IS - 7-8 ER - TY - Generic T1 - COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENT AND SLEEP DIFFICULTIES OVER 10 YEARS IN A NATIONAL SAMPLE OF OLDER ADULTS T2 - Innovation in Aging Y1 - 2019 A1 - Robbins, Rebecca A1 - Amanda Sonnega A1 - Turner II, Robert W A1 - Jean-Louis, Girardin A1 - Kenneth M. Langa KW - Cognition KW - cognitive impairment KW - Sleep AB - Prior studies suggest that sleep difficulties (e.g., trouble falling asleep) may be associated with cognitive impairment. We used a large, nationally representative longitudinal survey of adults over the age of 50 in the US to examine the relationship between sleep difficulties and cognitive functioning. Generalized estimation equation (GEE) linear regression models were used to analyze data from the 2004-2014 waves of the Health and Retirement Study. We examined sleep difficulties and cognitive functioning within participants and across time (n=17,642). Sleep difficulty was measured as trouble falling asleep, nocturnal awakenings, and waking too early scored as 1= rarely/never, 2=sometimes, and 3=most of the time. A summary score indicated cognitive functioning (range 0-27). Models controlled for age, gender, race/ethnicity, marital status, education, chronic medical conditions, depressive symptoms, and body mass index (BMI). Compared to those with no sleep difficulties, those who reported difficulty falling asleep [“sometimes” OR=0.83,95%CI:0.71-0.96 and “most of the time” OR=0.79,95%CI: 0.64-0.98] and waking too early [“most of the time” OR=0.79,95%CI: 0.63-0.98] had worse cognitive functioning. Compared to those with no sleep difficulties, those who reported nocturnal awakenings [“most of the time” OR=1.29,95%CI:1.08-1.54] had higher cognitive functioning. Over time, lower cognitive function was more likely among those reporting difficulty falling asleep (OR=0.73,95%CI:0.54-0.97), nocturnal awakenings (OR=0.77,95%CI:0.61-0.97) and waking too early (OR=0.65,95%CI: 0.47-0.88). In this nationally representative, longitudinal sample of older US adults, we found that over time lower cognitive function was more likely among those who reported difficulty falling asleep, nocturnal awakenings, and waking too early. JF - Innovation in Aging VL - 3 SN - 2399-5300 UR - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6840199/ IS - Suppl 1 JO - Innov Aging ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Comparing Estimates of Fall-Related Mortality Incidence Among Older Adults in the United States JF - The Journals of Gerontology: Series A Y1 - 2019 A1 - Matthew C. Lohman A1 - Amanda Sonnega A1 - Emily J Nicklett A1 - Estenson, Lillian A1 - Amanda N Leggett KW - Falls KW - Mortality KW - Risk Factors AB - Background Falls are the leading cause of injury-related mortality among older adults in the United States, but incidence and risk factors for fall-related mortality remain poorly understood. This study compared fall-related mortality incidence rate estimates from a nationally representative cohort with those from a national vital record database and identified correlates of fall-related mortality. Methods Cause-of-death data from the National Death Index (NDI; 1999–2011) were linked with eight waves from the Health and Retirement Study (HRS), a representative cohort of U.S. older adults (N = 20,639). Weighted fall-related mortality incidence rates were calculated and compared with estimates from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) vital record data. Fall-related deaths were identified using International Classification of Diseases (Version 10) codes. Person-time at risk was calculated from HRS entry until death or censoring. Cox proportional hazards models were used to identify individual-level factors associated with fall-related deaths. Results The overall incidence rate of fall-related mortality was greater in HRS–NDI data (51.6 deaths per 100,000; 95% confidence interval: 42.04, 63.37) compared with CDC data (42.00 deaths per 100,000; 95% confidence interval: 41.80, 42.19). Estimated differences between the two data sources were greater for men and adults aged 85 years and older. Greater age, male gender, and self-reported fall history were identified as independent risk factors for fall-related mortality. Conclusion Incidence rates based on aggregate vital records may substantially underestimate the occurrence of and risk for fall-related mortality differentially in men, minorities, and relatively younger adults. Cohort-based estimates of individual fall-related mortality risk are important supplements to vital record estimates. UR - https://academic.oup.com/biomedgerontology/advance-article/doi/10.1093/gerona/gly250/5144627http://academic.oup.com/biomedgerontology/advance-article-pdf/doi/10.1093/gerona/gly250/26613013/gly250.pdf ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Interpreting Subjective and Objective Measures of Job Resources: The Importance of Sociodemographic Context. JF - International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health Y1 - 2019 A1 - Lauren L Schmitz A1 - Courtney L McCluney A1 - Amanda Sonnega A1 - Margaret T Hicken KW - Job resources KW - sociodemographics AB -

Salutary retirement policy depends on a clear understanding of factors in the workplace that contribute to work ability at older ages. Research in occupational health typically uses either self-reported or objective ratings of the work environment to assess workplace determinants of health and work ability. This study assessed whether individual characteristics and work-related demands were differentially associated with (1) self-reported ratings of job resources from older workers in the Health and Retirement Study, and (2) corresponding objective ratings of job resources from the Occupational Information Network (O*NET). Results from regression and relative weights analyses showed that self-reported ratings were associated with self-reported job demands and personal resources, whereas corresponding O*NET ratings were associated with differences in gender, race, or socioeconomic standing. As a result, subjective ratings may not capture important aspects of aging workers' sociodemographic background that influence work ability, occupational sorting, opportunities for advancement, and ultimately the job resources available to them. Future studies should consider including both subjective and objective measures to capture individual and societal level processes that drive the relationship between work, health, and aging.

VL - 16 UR - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31443601 IS - 17 U1 - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31443601?dopt=Abstract ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Policy Levers May Improve Older Workers' Perceptions of Their Psychosocial Work Environment: Research findings show that workplace policies can play a crucial role in the quality of older worker's health and job longevity. JF - Generations Y1 - 2019 A1 - Lauren L Schmitz A1 - Courtney L McCluney A1 - Amanda Sonnega A1 - Margaret T Hicken KW - Policy KW - Psychosocial KW - Workers KW - workplace policies AB - A supportive psychosocial work environment (PWE) is critical to worker well-being and labor force attachment at older ages. Using data from the Health and Retirement Study, linked to workplace ratings from the Occupational Information Network (0*NET), this article explores factors associated with workers' perception of their PWE. Deviations in workers' PWE perceptions relative to corresponding 0*NET ratings are driven not by worker characteristics, but by workplace practices that better policy could amend. Findings support the important role workplace policies play in promoting health and longer working lives. VL - 43 IS - 3 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The association of insomnia and depressive symptoms with all-cause mortality among middle-aged and old adults. JF - International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry Y1 - 2018 A1 - Amanda N Leggett A1 - Amanda Sonnega A1 - Matthew C. Lohman KW - Depressive symptoms KW - Longevity KW - Mortality KW - Sleep AB -

OBJECTIVES: Insomnia and depressive symptoms are commonly reported by adults and have independently been found to be associated with mortality, though contrasting findings are reported. Given the high comorbidity and interrelatedness between these symptoms, we tested whether insomnia symptoms explain risk of death independent of depressive symptoms. We examined insomnia symptoms and depressive symptoms, in addition to other health and demographic covariates, as predictors of all-cause mortality.

METHODS: The sample included 15 418 adults aged 51 and older drawn from a nationally representative, population-based study of adults in the United States, the Health and Retirement Study. Cox survival models were used to analyze time to death between the 2002 and 2014 study waves (5 waves). Controlling for health and demographic covariates, in 3 separate models, depressive symptoms and insomnia symptoms were independently and then together considered as risk factors for all-cause mortality (drawn from the National Death Index).

RESULTS: After adjustment for covariates, insomnia symptoms (HR = 1.10, CI:1.07-1.13) and depressive symptoms (HR = 1.14, CI:1.12-1.16) each were associated with a greater hazard of death. When considered together, however, depressive symptoms fully accounted for the association between insomnia symptoms and mortality.

CONCLUSION: Though their effects are small relative to health and demographic characteristics, both insomnia symptoms and depressive symptoms were associated with a greater hazard of death. Yet depressive symptoms accounted for the insomnia association when both were considered in the model. Screening for depression and providing validated treatments may reduce mortality risk in old adults with depressive symptoms.

VL - 33 IS - 9 U1 - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29939437?dopt=Abstract ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A comparison of subjective and objective job demands and fit with personal resources as predictors of retirement timing in a national U.S. Sample JF - Work, Aging and Retirement Y1 - 2018 A1 - Amanda Sonnega A1 - Helppie-McFall, Brooke A1 - Péter Hudomiet A1 - Robert J. Willis A1 - Gwenith G Fisher KW - Comparisons KW - Job stressors KW - Retirement Planning and Satisfaction AB - Population aging and attendant pressures on public budgets have spurred considerable interest in understanding factors that influence retirement timing. A range of sociodemographic and economic characteristics predict both earlier and later retirement. Less is known about the role of job characteristics on the work choices of older workers. Researchers are increasingly using the subjective ratings of job characteristics available in the Health and Retirement Study in conjunction with more objective measures of job characteristics from the Occupational Information Network (O*NET) database. Employing a theoretically-informed model of job demands-personal resources fit, we constructed mismatch measures between resources and job demands (both subjectively and objectively assessed) in physical, emotional, and cognitive domains. When we matched comparable measures across the 2 data sources in the domains of physical, emotional, and cognitive job demands, we found that both sources of information held predictive power in relation to retirement timing. Physical and emotional but not cognitive mismatch were associated with earlier retirement. We discuss theoretical and practical implications of these findings and directions for future research. VL - 4 UR - https://academic.oup.com/workar/article-lookup/doi/10.1093/workar/wax016 IS - 1 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - Feasibility and reliability of automated coding of occupation in the Health and Retirement Study Y1 - 2018 A1 - McFall, Brooke Helppie A1 - Amanda Sonnega KW - Meta-analyses KW - Survey Methodology AB - Due to advances in computing power and the increase in coverage of longitudinal datasets in the Health and Retirement Study (HRS) that provide information about detailed occupations, demand has increased among researchers for improved occupation and industry data. The detailed data are currently hard to use because they were coded at different times, and the codeframes are, therefore, not consistent over time. Additionally, the HRS gathers new occupation and industry information from respondents every two years, and coding of new data at each wave is costly and time-consuming. In this project, we tested the NIOSH Industry and Occupation Computerized Coding System (NIOCCS) to see if it could improve processes for coding data from the HRS. We tested results from NIOCCS against results from a human coder for multiple datasets. NIOCCs does reasonably well compared to coding results from a highly trained, professional occupation and industry coder, with kappa inter-rater reliability on detailed codes of just under 70 percent and agreement rates on broader codes of around 80 percent; however, code rates for NIOCCS for the datasets tested ranged from 60 percent to 72 percent, as compared to a professional coder’s ability to code those same datasets that ranged from 95 percent to 100 percent. In its current form, we find that NIOCCS is a tool that might be best used to reduce the number of cases human coders must code, either in coding historical data to a consistent codeframe or in coding data from future HRS waves. However, it is not yet ready to fully replace human coders. JF - Michigan Retirement Research Center Working Paper Series PB - Survey Research Center, Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan CY - Ann Arbor UR - https://mrdrc.isr.umich.edu/publications/papers/pdf/wp392.pdf ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Occupational Differences in BMI, BMI Trajectories, and Implications for Employment Status among Older U.S. Workers JF - Work, Aging and Retirement Y1 - 2018 A1 - Sarah A. Burgard A1 - Amanda Sonnega ED - Gwenith G Fisher KW - BMI KW - Decision making KW - Employment and Labor Force AB - We examined associations between employment and obesity, arguing that risk for unhealthy weight may vary across occupational groups because they shape workplace exposures, social class standing, material resources, and norms and expectations about healthy behaviors and weight. We used a large sample of 51-61-year-old workers from the Health and Retirement study, tracking their body mass index (BMI) over time while accounting for potentially confounding influences of socioeconomic status and gender and exploring whether gender modified associations between occupational group, BMI, and retirement timing. Compared with women in professional occupations, women managers were less likely to be obese at baseline and were less likely to be in the obese upward trajectory class, while female professionals and operators and laborers were less likely than women in farm and precision production to be in the normal stable trajectory. Male professionals were less likely than men in sales, service, and operator and laborer positions to be obese at baseline and more often followed the normal upward trajectory than most other groups, though they and farm and precision production men were more likely to be in the overweight to obese trajectory than men in service occupations. Adjustment for sociodemographic and lifestyle characteristics reduced associations more for men than for women. While retirement risk differed across occupational groups, most of these differences were explained by socioeconomic, demographic, and lifestyle characteristics, especially for men. Obesity at baseline was an independent predictor of retirement but did not further explain differences in the timing of retirement by occupational group. VL - 4 UR - http://academic.oup.com/workar/article/4/1/21/2918780http://academic.oup.com/workar/article-pdf/4/1/21/23296108/waw038.pdf IS - 1 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Structural racism in the workplace: Does perception matter for health inequalities? JF - Social Science & Medicine Y1 - 2018 A1 - Courtney L McCluney A1 - Lauren L Schmitz A1 - Margaret T Hicken A1 - Amanda Sonnega KW - Health Disparities KW - Racial/ethnic differences KW - Racism AB - Structural racism has been linked to racial health inequalities and may operate through an unequal labor market that results in inequalities in psychosocial workplace environments (PWE). Experiences of the PWE may be a critical but understudied source of racial health disparities as most adults spend a large portion of their lives in the workplace, and work-related stress affects health outcomes. Further, it is not clear if the objective characteristics of the workplace are important for health inequalities or if these inequalities are driven by the perception of the workplace. Using data from the 2008 to 2012 waves of the Health and Retirement Study (HRS), a probability-based sample of US adults 50 years of age and older and the Department of Labor's Occupational Information Network (O*NET), we examine the role of both standardized, objective (O*NET) and survey-based, subjective (as in HRS) measures of PWEs on health and Black-White health inequalities. We find that Blacks experience more stressful PWEs and have poorer health as measured by self-rated health, episodic memory function, and mean arterial pressure. Mediation analyses suggest that these objective O*NET ratings, but not the subjective perceptions, partially explain the relationship between race and health. We discuss these results within the extant literature on workplace and health and health inequalities. Furthermore, we discuss the use of standardized objective measures of the PWE to capture racial inequalities in workplace environment. VL - 199 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - Characteristics of Second-career Occupations: A Review and Synthesis Y1 - 2017 A1 - McFall, Brooke Helppie A1 - Amanda Sonnega KW - Bridge employment KW - Employment and Labor Force KW - Retirement Planning and Satisfaction AB - This study is a literature review of research related to the characteristics of second careers undertaken after mid-life. There is a significant lack of literature directly on this topic, so we draw substantially from the literatures about retirement, bridge jobs, encore jobs, and unretirement. First, we provide a working definition of second careers after mid-life. We then provide a brief background of the existing theoretical research related to this topic, which is also in need of updating and synthesis. We find evidence that second careers may already be common, but likely are undertaken by less than half of older workers. For older workers in general, job flexibility and lower stress seem to be particularly prized job characteristics that they seem willing to trade off against earnings, benefits, and prestige. However, individual fit is also likely to be particularly important in learning about second careers. We also find useful information in studies of specific early-retiring occupations and destination second careers. Based on the existing general, late-life labor supply literature and specific occupation literature, we propose new directions for research. An important take-away is that data limitations have been a roadblock; however, forthcoming resources may help open up this area of research. JF - Michigan Retirement Research Center Working Papers PB - Michigan Retirement Research Center, Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan CY - Ann Arbor, MI UR - http://mrrc.isr.umich.edu/wp375/ ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Depressive symptoms in recipients of home- and community-based services in the United States: Are older adults receiving the care they need? JF - American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry Y1 - 2017 A1 - Renee Pepin A1 - Amanda N Leggett A1 - Amanda Sonnega A1 - Shervin Assari KW - Caregiving KW - Community-based services KW - Depressive symptoms AB -

OBJECTIVE: To understand unmet depression needs of older adults, the current study investigates depressive symptoms, psychiatric treatment, and home- and community-based service (HCBS) use in a nationally representative sample of older adults in the United States.

METHODS: Participants included 5,582 adults aged 60 and over from the 2010-2012 waves of the nationally representative Health and Retirement Study. Weighted bivariate analyses were used to examine the frequency of depressive symptoms (Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale) and psychiatric treatment among HCBS recipients compared with non-HCBS recipients. Weighted logistic regression models were used to evaluate the effect of depressive symptoms on HCBS use.

RESULTS: HCBS recipients had a higher frequency of depressive symptoms compared with nonrecipients (27.5% versus 10.4%, respectively). In particular, transportation service recipients had the highest frequency of depressive symptoms (37.5%). HCBS recipients with depressive symptoms were no more likely than nonrecipients to receive psychiatric services. Depressive symptoms were associated with HCBS use, above and beyond sociodemographic and health risk factors.

CONCLUSION: Depressive symptoms are more frequent among HCBS recipients compared with nonrecipients; however, depressed HCBS recipients are no more likely to receive psychiatric services, suggesting unmet depression needs. HCBS may be a key setting for depression detection and delivery of mental health interventions.

VL - 25 IS - 12 U1 - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28760513?dopt=Abstract ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Health and Retirement Study: A Longitudinal Data Resource for Psychologists T2 - Encyclopedia of Geropsychology Y1 - 2017 A1 - Amanda Sonnega A1 - Jacqui Smith ED - Pachana, Nancy A. KW - Psychosocial KW - Retirement Planning and Satisfaction KW - Well-being AB - This encyclopedia brings together key established and emerging research findings in geropsychology. It is a comprehensive coverage of the entire breadth of the field, giving readers access to all major subareas and illustrating their interconnections with other disciplines. Entries delve deep into key areas of geropsychology such as perception, cognition, clinical, organizational, health, social, experimental and neuropsychology. In addition to that, the encyclopedia covers related disciplines such as neuroscience, social science, population health, public policy issues pertaining to retirement, epidemiology and demography and medicine. Paying careful attention to research internationally, it cites English and non-English empirical literature from around the globe. This encyclopedia is relevant to a wide audience that include researchers, clinicians, students, policy makers and nongovernmental agencies. JF - Encyclopedia of Geropsychology PB - Springer Singapore CY - Singapore SN - 978-981-287-083-4 UR - http://link.springer.com/10.1007/978-981-287-080-3http://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/978-981-287-080-3http://link.springer.com/10.1007/978-981-287-080-3_39-1http://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/978-981-287-080-3_39-1 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Home and community-based service and other senior service use: Prevalence and characteristics in a national sample. JF - Home Health Care Serv Q Y1 - 2017 A1 - Amanda Sonnega A1 - Kristen N Robinson A1 - Helen G Levy KW - Aged KW - Aged, 80 and over KW - Community Health Services KW - Female KW - Home Care Services KW - Humans KW - Logistic Models KW - Longitudinal Studies KW - Male KW - Middle Aged KW - Prevalence KW - Senior Centers KW - United States AB -

We report on the use of home and community-based services (HCBS) and other senior services and factors affecting utilization of both among Americans over age 60 in the Health and Retirement Study (HRS). Those using HCBS were more likely to be older, single, Black, lower income, receiving Medicaid, and in worse health. Past use of less traditional senior services, such as exercise classes and help with tax preparation, were found to be associated with current use of HCBS. These findings suggest use of less traditional senior services may serve as a "gateway" to HCBS that can help keep older adults living in the community.

VL - 36 UR - https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/01621424.2016.1268552 IS - 1 U1 - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27925859?dopt=Abstract JO - Home Health Care Services Quarterly ER - TY - RPRT T1 - HRS Psychosocial and Lifestyle Questionnaire 2006-2016 Y1 - 2017 A1 - Jacqui Smith A1 - Lindsay H Ryan A1 - Gwenith G Fisher A1 - Amanda Sonnega A1 - David R Weir PB - Survey Research Center, Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan CY - Ann Arbor, Michigan U1 - Please note that this replaces an earlier version of this report. ER - TY - RPRT T1 - Issue Brief: Occupation, Cognitive Decline and Retirement Y1 - 2016 A1 - McFall, Brooke Helppie A1 - Amanda Sonnega KW - Cognitive Ability KW - Employment and Labor Force KW - Retirement Planning and Satisfaction AB - Little is known about occupational differences in age-related cognitive decline. This information is an important starting point for understanding the potential role that cognitive decline may play in workforce departure and whether, as with physical health declines, cognitive decline influences rates of Social Security disability insurance claims or claims before the full retirement age. This issue brief uses longitudinal data on cognitive functioning in the Health and Retirement Study to describe differences in rates of age-related cognitive decline across broad occupational categories and to relate these to different work transitions at common retirement ages. Findings support prior research showing that cognitive decline may lead to earlier than planned retirement, and appear to be consistent with research showing that workers may shift to less cognitively demanding jobs as a result of cognitive decline. JF - MRDRC Issue Briefs PB - Michigan Retirement and Disability Research Center, Survey Research Center, Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan CY - Ann Arbor, MI UR - https://mrdrc.isr.umich.edu/pubs/issue-brief-occupation-cognitive-decline-and-retirement-2/ ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Job Lock, Work, and Psychological Well-being in the United States JF - Work, Aging and Retirement Y1 - 2016 A1 - Gwenith G Fisher A1 - Lindsay H Ryan A1 - Amanda Sonnega A1 - Naudé, Megan N. KW - Depressive symptoms KW - Employment and Labor Force KW - Financial Health KW - Older Adults KW - Psychosocial AB - The purpose of the present study was to examine job lock in relation to well-being among workers in the United States. Job lock refers to a circumstance in which a worker would like to retire or stop working altogether, but perceives that they cannot due to needing the income, and/or health insurance. Prior to examining job lock as a potential predictor of life satisfaction we first investigated the construct validity of job lock. Results from a sample of N = 308 workers obtained via MTurk indicated that job lock due to financial need was more strongly associated with continuance and affective organizational commitment and job satisfaction compared to health insurance job lock. Job lock due to health insurance needs was related to a dimension of career entrenchment. We then tested hypotheses regarding the relation between job lock at T1 and life satisfaction at T2, 2 years later. Specifically, we hypothesized that perceptions of job lock would be negatively related to life satisfaction. Using 2 independent samples from the Health and Retirement Study (HRS), we found that both types of job lock were highly prevalent among workers aged 62–65. Job lock due to money was significantly associated with lower life satisfaction 2 years later. The findings for job lock due to health insurance were mixed across the 2 samples. This study was an important first step toward examining the relation between job lock, an economic concept, in relation to workers’ job attitudes and well-being. VL - 2 UR - http://workar.oxfordjournals.org/lookup/doi/10.1093/workar/waw004 IS - 3 JO - WORKAR ER - TY - RPRT T1 - Occupational Transitions at Older Ages: What Moves are People Making? Y1 - 2016 A1 - Amanda Sonnega A1 - McFall, Brooke Helppie A1 - Robert J. Willis KW - Employment and Labor Force KW - Older Adults KW - Transitions AB - Given the clear benefit for both public and private finances of extending work lives, many policymakers are interested in finding and promoting ways to accomplish this objective while balancing concerns for work ability at older ages. At the same time, retirement itself is transforming from a simple transition from full-time work to full and permanent retirement to more of a process, potentially occurring in several stages over a number of years. We consider a set of work transitions at ages when the largest numbers of people are retiring and potentially pursuing different paths to full and permanent retirement. Among workers who transition between occupations, the most common transitions are between those that are closely related. However, even within closely related occupations, there are no large pipelines between any two. By age 62, 57 percent of workers are no longer in the labor force, 26 percent are still in their “career” occupation, and 17 percent have changed from their career occupation to another occupation. Beginning at age 66, however, the percentages in different occupations, which may be bridge employment or unretirement, are very similar to the percentages remaining in career occupations. Occupational changes later in life tend to be accompanied by decreases in hourly earnings, suggesting that if workers are seeking flexible or part-time bridge employment, it may come at a cost. JF - Working Paper Series PB - Michigan Retirement Research Center, Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan CY - Ann Arbor, Michigan UR - http://www.mrrc.isr.umich.edu/publications/papers/pdf/wp352.pdf ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Predictors of New Onset Sleep Medication and Treatment Utilization Among Older Adults in the United States JF - The Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences Y1 - 2016 A1 - Amanda N Leggett A1 - Renee Pepin A1 - Amanda Sonnega A1 - Shervin Assari KW - Health Conditions and Status AB - Background. Sleep disturbances are common among older adults resulting in frequent sleep medication utilization, though these drugs are associated with a number of risks. We examine rates and predictors of new prescription sleep medications and sleep treatments, as well as sleep treatments without a doctor s recommendation.Methods. Participants were 8,417 adults aged 50 and older from two waves of the nationally representative Health and Retirement Study (HRS) who were not using a sleep medication or treatment at baseline (2006). Logistic regression analyses are run with sociodemographic, health, and mental health factors as predictors of three outcomes: new prescription medication use, sleep treatment use, and sleep treatment out of a doctor s recommendation in 2010.Results. New sleep medication prescriptions were started by 7.68 , 12.62 started using a new sleep treatment, and 31.93 were using the treatment outside of their doctor s recommendation. Common predictors included greater severity of insomnia, worsening insomnia, older age, and use of psychiatric medications. New prescription medication use was also associated with poorer mental and physical health, whereas new sleep treatment was associated with being White, higher educated, and drinking less alcohol.Conclusions. Starting a new prescription sleep medication may reflect poorer health and higher health care utilization, whereas beginning a sleep treatment may reflect an individual s awareness of treatments and determination to treat their problem. Clinicians should be aware of predictors of new sleep medication and treatment users and discuss various forms of treatment or behavioral changes to help patients best manage sleep disturbance. VL - 71 UR - http://biomedgerontology.oxfordjournals.org/content/early/2016/01/10/gerona.glv227.abstract IS - 7 U4 - depression/medication/sleep ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Retirement Timing: A Review and Recommendations for Future Research JF - Work, Aging and Retirement Y1 - 2016 A1 - Gwenith G Fisher A1 - Chaffee, Dorey S. A1 - Amanda Sonnega KW - Future KW - Older Adults KW - Retirement Planning and Satisfaction AB - Although there have been many reviews of the retirement literature in recent years, the issue of retirement timing has received less attention, neglecting some large and important issues. Further, a significant number of empirical articles about retirement timing have been published across multiple disciplines since these review articles were written. The purpose of our study is to review and integrate prior research regarding retirement timing. We define retirement timing as the age or relative point at which workers exit from their position or career path (e.g., early, on time, and later). We propose a model to serve as an organizing framework for understanding retirement timing. Our model includes antecedents and consequences that are each grouped in terms of individual, family, work, and sociocultural factors related to the timing of the retirement process. We identify and discuss key factors that serve to moderate the relation between retirement timing and consequences. Finally, we identify gaps in the current literature and provide recommendations for future research. VL - 2 UR - http://workar.oxfordjournals.org/lookup/doi/10.1093/workar/waw001 IS - 2 JO - WORKAR ER - TY - ADVS T1 - The Health and Retirement Study: An Introduction Y1 - 2015 A1 - Amanda Sonnega KW - Meta-analyses PB - Survey Research Center, University of Michigan CY - Ann Arbor UR - http://hrsonline.isr.umich.edu/index.php?p=trainvid1 U1 - An online training video, available here. ER - TY - RPRT T1 - Occupations and Work Characteristics: Effects on Retirement Expectations and Timing Y1 - 2015 A1 - McFall, Brooke Helppie A1 - Amanda Sonnega A1 - Robert J. Willis A1 - Péter Hudomiet KW - Employment and Labor Force KW - Retirement Planning and Satisfaction AB - Population aging and attendant pressures on public budgets have spurred considerable interest in understanding factors that influence retirement timing. A range of sociodemographic and economic characteristics have been shown to predict both earlier and later retirement. Less is known about the role of occupations and their characteristics on the work choices of older workers. Knowing more about the occupations that workers seem to stay in longer or leave earlier may point the way to policy interventions that are beneficial to both individuals and system finances. This project uses detailed occupational categories and work characteristics in the Health and Retirement Study (HRS) linked to information in the Occupational Information Network (O NET) to examine compositional changes in occupations held by older workers over time; to provide some basic and interesting information about relationships between occupations and their characteristics and retirement expectations and outcomes; and to shed some light on which occupations and associated characteristics might encourage or discourage longer working lives. There are large percentage changes (increases in decreases) in the percentage of older workers in occupations over time. Considering detailed as opposed to aggregated occupational categories yields interesting additional information. Jobs that HRS respondents say entail less physical effort, less stress, and jobs that have not increased in difficulty in recent decades, and those in which people can reduce hours if desired, are associated with longer work. While the traditional blue collar-retire earlier and white collar-work longer associations emerge, we find interesting exceptions that suggest fruitful directions for future research. PB - Ann Arbor, MI, Michigan Retirement Research Center U4 - O NET/Retirement ER - TY - CHAP T1 - Prolonged working years: Consequences and directions for interventions. T2 - Sustainable working lives: Managing work transitions and health throughout the life course Y1 - 2015 A1 - Gwenith G Fisher A1 - Lindsay H Ryan A1 - Amanda Sonnega KW - Employment and Labor Force KW - Happiness KW - Older Adults KW - Retirement Planning and Satisfaction JF - Sustainable working lives: Managing work transitions and health throughout the life course PB - Springer CY - Netherlands ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Cohort Profile: the Health and Retirement Study (HRS). JF - Int J Epidemiol Y1 - 2014 A1 - Amanda Sonnega A1 - Jessica Faul A1 - Mary Beth Ofstedal A1 - Kenneth M. Langa A1 - John W R Phillips A1 - David R Weir KW - Aged KW - Female KW - Genetic Predisposition to Disease KW - Health Status KW - Humans KW - Longitudinal Studies KW - Male KW - Mental Health KW - Middle Aged KW - Physical Fitness KW - Retirement KW - United States AB -

The Health and Retirement Study (HRS) is a nationally representative longitudinal survey of more than 37 000 individuals over age 50 in 23 000 households in the USA. The survey, which has been fielded every 2 years since 1992, was established to provide a national resource for data on the changing health and economic circumstances associated with ageing at both individual and population levels. Its multidisciplinary approach is focused on four broad topics-income and wealth; health, cognition and use of healthcare services; work and retirement; and family connections. HRS data are also linked at the individual level to administrative records from Social Security and Medicare, Veteran's Administration, the National Death Index and employer-provided pension plan information. Since 2006, data collection has expanded to include biomarkers and genetics as well as much greater depth in psychology and social context. This blend of economic, health and psychosocial information provides unprecedented potential to study increasingly complex questions about ageing and retirement. The HRS has been a leading force for rapid release of data while simultaneously protecting the confidentiality of respondents. Three categories of data-public, sensitive and restricted-can be accessed through procedures described on the HRS website (hrsonline.isr.umich.edu).

PB - 43 VL - 43 IS - 2 U1 - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24671021?dopt=Abstract U4 - administrative data/Restricted data ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The Health and Retirement Study: A Public Data Resource for Research on Aging JF - Open Health Data Y1 - 2014 A1 - Amanda Sonnega A1 - David R Weir KW - Data methods KW - Survey Methodology AB - The Health and Retirement Study (HRS) is a nationally representative longitudinal survey of more than 37,000 individuals in 23,000 households over age 50 in the United States. Fielded biennially since 1992, it was established to provide a national resource for data on the changing health and economic circumstances associated with aging. HRS covers four broad topic areas—income and wealth; health, cognition, and use of health care services; work and retirement; and family connections. HRS data are also linked at the individual level to administrative records from Social Security and Medicare, Veteran’s Administration, the National Death Index, and employer-provided pension plan information. In 2006, data collection expanded to include biomarkers and genetics and greater depth in psychosocial well-being and social context. This blend of economic, health, and psychosocial information provides unprecedented potential to study increasingly complex questions about aging and retirement. HRS prioritizes rapid release of data while simultaneously protecting the confidentiality of respondents. Three categories of data—public, sensitive, and restricted—can be accessed through procedures described on the HRS website (hrsonline.isr.umich.edu). VL - 2 UR - http://openhealthdata.metajnl.com/articles/10.5334/ohd.am/ IS - 1 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - Documentation of Biomarkers in the 2006 and 2008 Health and Retirement Study Y1 - 2013 A1 - Eileen M. Crimmins A1 - Jessica Faul A1 - Jung K Kim A1 - Heidi M Guyer A1 - Kenneth M. Langa A1 - Mary Beth Ofstedal A1 - Amanda Sonnega A1 - Robert B Wallace A1 - David R Weir KW - Health Conditions and Status KW - Healthcare KW - Methodology AB - Biomarkers refer to the general range of physiological, metabolic, biochemical, endocrine and genetic measures that can be obtained in living organisms. The term is most commonly used to refer to one-time biochemical or hematological measures made on blood or other available bodily fluids, but perhaps the term should be used for a broader range of measures. In 2006 and 2008, HRS included the following biomarkers measurements, administered in this order: Saliva collection for DNA extraction; Blood spot collection for cholesterol, hemoglobin A1C, CRP and cystatin C analysis (results for C-reactive protein and cystatin C are forthcoming). This report describes the following for each of the measures listed above: Rationale and key citations; Sample description; Measure description; Equipment; Protocol description; Special instructions. PB - Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan CY - Ann Arbor, Michigan U4 - Biomarker data/survey Methods/health measures ER - TY - RPRT T1 - New Measures of Fluid Intelligence in the HRS Y1 - 2013 A1 - Gwenith G Fisher A1 - John J McArdle A1 - Ryan J McCammon A1 - Amanda Sonnega A1 - David R Weir KW - Health Conditions and Status KW - Methodology AB - This user guide describes how measures designed to test quantitative reasoning, verbal reasoning and verbal fluency were implemented in the 2010 and 2012 waves of the Health and Retirement Study. The Number Series test and Retrieval Fluency test were administered in the 2010 and 2012 waves of HRS to the full sample. The Verbal Analogies test was administered to a 10 percent random sample of the full HRS sample in 2012. Number Series measures quantitative reasoning, a specific type of fluid cognitive ability or fluid intelligence. Quantitative reasoning ability involves reasoning with concepts that depend upon mathematical relationships. The number series task requires the respondent to look at a series of numbers with a number missing from the series. The respondent must determine the numerical pattern and then provide the missing number in the series. Retrieval Fluency measures an aspect of long-term retrieval : fluency of retrieval from stored knowledge. It was first incorporated in the HRS in the 2010 wave . This test is a typical neuropsychology test and was adapted by McArdle and Woodcock from the WJ-III Tests of Achievement: Retrieval Fluency ( Riverside Publishing). The measure consisted of a single item in which respondents were asked to name as many animals as they could within a 60-second time limit. This measure is consistent with animal fluency measures commonly administered in other neuropsychological exams (e.g., the CERAD animal fluency measure; Morris et al., 1989) . Administration protocols, test scoring, and data quality review procedures are discussed for each measure. PB - Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan CY - Ann Arbor, Michigan U4 - Quantitative Reasoning/Verbal Reasoning/Verbal Fluency/Cognition/Cognitive ability/survey Methods ER - TY - RPRT T1 - Motives for Bequests within the Middle Class Y1 - 2012 A1 - John Laitner A1 - Amanda Sonnega KW - Adult children KW - Event History/Life Cycle AB - The life-cycle model of household behavior forms the basis for most economic analysis of Social Security, private pensions, and retirement. This project seeks to extend the usefulness of the life-cycle model by considering the role of middle-class inheritances and bequests. We use HRS data. Prior work by the authors identifies key information in the HRS on the sources of private intergenerational transfers, and it shows that the frequency of couples inheritances from both spouses family lines is higher than random behavior would imply. Using additional HRS data on the ratio of parent-to-child lifetime incomes, we analyze the motives behind HRS bequests. We find support for an unintentional transfer model in which bequests arise from residual, unspent parent life-cycle resources. And, we show that our model can account for the frequency of dual inheritances that earlier work revealed. JF - MRDRC Research Brief PB - Michigan Retirement and Disability Research Center, University of Michigan CY - Ann Arbor, MI UR - https://mrdrc.isr.umich.edu/pubs/motives-for-bequests-within-the-middle-class-3/ U4 - life-cycle/Intergenerational Transfers/Bequest Motives/inheritance ER - TY - RPRT T1 - Intergenerational Transfers in the Health and Retirement Study Data Y1 - 2010 A1 - John Laitner A1 - Amanda Sonnega A1 - Michigan Retirement Research Center KW - Adult children KW - Event History/Life Cycle AB - Many economic analyses of public policy issues are based upon the life-cycle model of household behavior. The usual formulation omits private intergenerational transfers. This paper considers the possibility of a more sophisticated formulation that includes the latter. We examine 1992-2008 HRS data on inheritances and inter vivos gifts. We uncover an underreporting problem in the data: a household s financial respondent often seems to understate transfers from his/her in-laws. Nevertheless, other aspects of the data seem very useful. About 30-40 percent of households eventually inherit. Inheritances seem to reflect a mixture of intentional and accidental bequests, with the latter twice as prevalent. JF - MRDRC Publications PB - Michigan Retirement and Disability Research Center, University of Michigan CY - Ann Arbor, MI UR - https://mrdrc.isr.umich.edu/pubs/intergenerational-transfers-in-the-health-and-retirement-study-data-2/ U4 - life-Cycle/household behavior/Transfers/Inheritance/Inter Vivos Transfers ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Social Security Research at the Michigan Retirement Research Center JF - Social Security Bulletin Y1 - 2009 A1 - R.V. Burkhauser A1 - Alan L Gustman A1 - John Laitner A1 - Olivia S. Mitchell A1 - Amanda Sonnega KW - Meta-analyses KW - Older Adults KW - Research KW - Social Security AB - Social Security has been a topic of widespread discussion in the last decade. Rising longevity and falling fertility have led to an aging population, which increases solvency challenges for the Social Security system. Public concerns over low national saving have led to an extensive dialog on the merits of reform that might change the U.S. system into one with fully or partially funded personal accounts. Meanwhile, pensions in the private sector have been evolving from predominantly defined benefit (DB) to predominantly defined contribution (DC), raising concerns that workers preparing for retirement have more personal responsibility, with more complex financial challenges, than ever before. VL - 69 UR - https://www.ssa.gov/policy/docs/ssb/v69n4/v69n4p51.pdf IS - 4 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Social Security Research at the Michigan Retirement Research Center JF - Social Security Bulletin Y1 - 2009 A1 - R.V. Burkhauser A1 - Alan L Gustman A1 - John Laitner A1 - Olivia S. Mitchell A1 - Amanda Sonnega KW - Pension KW - Retirement KW - Social Security AB - Social Security has been a topic of widespread discussion in the last decade. Rising longevity and falling fertility have led to an aging population, which increases solvency challenges for the Social Security system. Public concerns over low national saving have led to an extensive dialog on the merits of reform that might change the U.S. system into one with fully or partially funded personal accounts. Meanwhile, pensions in the private sector have been evolving from predominantly defined benefit (DB) to predominantly defined contribution (DC), raising concerns that workers preparing for retirement have more personal responsibility, with more complex financial challenges, than ever before. VL - 69 UR - https://www.ssa.gov/policy/docs/ssb/v69n4/v69n4p51.html IS - 4 ER -