TY - JOUR T1 - Social relationships, leisure activity, and health in older adults. JF - Health Psychol Y1 - 2014 A1 - Chang, Po-Ju A1 - Linda A. Wray A1 - Lin, Yeqiang KW - Aged KW - Aged, 80 and over KW - Female KW - Health Status KW - Humans KW - Interpersonal Relations KW - Leisure activities KW - Longitudinal Studies KW - Male KW - Middle Aged KW - United States AB -

OBJECTIVE: Although the link between enhanced social relationships and better health has generally been well established, few studies have examined the role of leisure activity in this link. This study examined how leisure influences the link between social relationships and health in older age.

METHOD: Using data from the 2006 and 2010 waves of the nationally representative U.S. Health and Retirement Study and structural equation modeling analyses, we examined data on 2,965 older participants to determine if leisure activities mediated the link between social relationships and health in 2010, controlling for race, education level, and health in 2006.

RESULTS: The results demonstrated that leisure activities mediate the link between social relationships and health in these age groups. Perceptions of positive social relationships were associated with greater involvement in leisure activities, and greater involvement in leisure activities was associated with better health in older age.

CONCLUSION: The contribution of leisure to health in these age groups is receiving increasing attention, and the results of this study add to the literature on this topic, by identifying the mediating effect of leisure activity on the link between social relationships and health. Future studies aimed at increasing leisure activity may contribute to improved health outcomes in older adults.

PB - 33 VL - 33 IS - 6 N1 - Times Cited: 1 Si U1 - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24884905?dopt=Abstract U2 - PMC4467537 U4 - Social relationships/leisure activity/health outcomes ER - TY - JOUR T1 - BMI change patterns and disability development of middle-aged adults with diabetes: a dual trajectory modeling approach. JF - J Gen Intern Med Y1 - 2013 A1 - Chiu, Ching-Ju A1 - Linda A. Wray A1 - Lu, Feng-hwa A1 - Elizabeth A Beverly KW - Activities of Daily Living KW - Body Mass Index KW - Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 KW - Disability Evaluation KW - Disabled Persons KW - Female KW - Humans KW - Longitudinal Studies KW - Male KW - Middle Aged KW - Models, Statistical KW - Obesity KW - Obesity, Morbid KW - Overweight KW - Retrospective Studies KW - United States KW - Weight Gain KW - Weight Loss AB -

BACKGROUND: Few longitudinal studies have examined associations between body mass index (BMI) changes in adults with diabetes and the development of disability.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate association patterns between BMI and disability in middle-aged adults with diabetes.

DESIGN AND SETTING: Retrospective cohort design with data from the 1992-2006 Health and Retirement Study (HRS). A group-based joint trajectory method identified distinct BMI change trajectories and their link to subsequent disability trajectories.

PARTICIPANTS: U.S. nationally representative adults aged 51-61 who reported a diagnosis of diabetes in the 1992 HRS (N = 1,064).

MEASUREMENTS: BMI and self-reported disability score were the main variables. Sociodemographic, clinical, behavioral, and diabetes-related factors were also examined.

RESULTS: Four distinct weight trajectories (stable normal weight, 28.7 %; stable overweight, 46.2 %; loss and regain obese, 18.0 %; weight cumulating morbidly obese, 7.1 %) and three disability trajectories (little or low increase, 34.4 %; moderate increase, 45.4 %; chronic high increase, 20.2 %) best characterized the long-term patterns of BMI and disability change in middle-aged adults with diabetes. Adults in stable normal weight had the highest probability of being in the little/low increase disability group; however, one in five adults in that group progressed into chronic high disability, a higher proportion compared to the stable overweight group.

CONCLUSIONS: Although there were various ways in which the two trajectories were linked, the beneficial impacts of optimizing weight in adults with diabetes were supported. In addition, the complexity of diabetes control in those with relatively normal weight was highlighted from this study.

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HUMAN KINETICS PUBL INC WRAY, L. A.; HERZOG, A. R.; WILLIS, R. J.; WALLACE, R. B. The impact of education and heart attack on smoking cessation among middle-aged adults. Journal of health and social behavior, 39. 4 (1998): 271-294. American Sociological Association Zamboni, M.; Mazzali, G.; Zoico, E.; Di Francesco, V.; et al. Health consequences of obesity in the elderly: A review of four unresolved questions. International Journal of Obesity, 29. 9 (2005): 1011-1029. Nature Publishing Group U1 - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23463456?dopt=Abstract U2 - PMC3744313 U4 - Medical Sciences/Body fat/Disability/Disability/Middle age/Diabetes/Models ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The Effect of Diabetes on Diability in Middle-Aged and Older Adults JF - The Journals of Gerontology, Series A: Medical Sciences Y1 - 2005 A1 - Linda A. Wray A1 - Mary Beth Ofstedal A1 - Kenneth M. Langa A1 - Caroline S Blaum KW - Demographics KW - Disabilities KW - Health Conditions and Status AB - Background. Physical disability is increasingly recognized as an adverse health consequence of type 2 diabetes in older adults. We studied the effect of diabetes on disability in middle-aged and older adults to: 1) characterize the association of diabetes with physical disability in middle-aged adults, and 2) determine the extent to which the effect of diabetes is explained by related covariates in either or both age groups. Methods. We used data from two parallel national panel studies of middle-aged and older adults to study the effect of self-reported diabetes at baseline on disability 2 years later, adjusting for baseline covariates. Results. Diabetes was strongly associated with subsequent physical disability (measured by a composite variable combining activities of daily living, mobility, and strength tasks) in middle-aged and older adults. Controlling for socioeconomic characteristics and common diabetes-related and unrelated comorbidities and conditions reduced the diabetes effect substantially, but it remained a significant predictor of disability in both groups. Conclusions. Our analyses demonstrated that disability is an important diabetes-related health outcome in middle-aged and older adults that should be prevented or mitigated through appropriate diabetes management. PB - 60A VL - 60A UR - http://biomedgerontology.oxfordjournals.org/content/60/9/1206.long IS - 9 U4 - Diabetes/Disability/Disability/Middle Aged Adults ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Functional Status and Health Outcomes in Older Americans with Diabetes: Should diabetes management be targeted to health status? JF - Journal of the American Geriatrics Society Y1 - 2003 A1 - Caroline S Blaum A1 - Mary Beth Ofstedal A1 - Kenneth M. Langa A1 - Linda A. Wray KW - Diabetes Mellitus KW - Functional status KW - Older Adults AB - OBJECTIVES: To determine how baseline functional status affects health outcomes in older adults with diabetes mellitus (DM). DESIGN: Nationally representative cross‐sectional and longitudinal health interview survey. SETTING: Waves I (1993) and II (1995) of the Assets and Health Dynamics of the Oldest Old Survey (AHEAD) in the United States. PARTICIPANTS: AHEAD respondents aged 70 and older (n = 7,447, including 995 with DM). MEASUREMENTS: At baseline, the entire sample was divided into three groups: high‐functioning group, defined as having no physical limitations or instrumental activities of daily living/activities of daily living (IADL/ADL) disabilities (39%); low‐functioning group, having three or more limitations or IADL/ADL disabilities (24%); and intermediate‐functioning group, those in the middle (36%). Older adults with and without DM, within each of the functioning groups, were compared at 2‐year follow‐up with respect to demographic characteristics, weight/body mass index, baseline and incident chronic diseases and conditions, and follow‐up functioning. RESULTS: Of people aged 70 and older, 28% with DM and 41% without were high functioning; 38% with DM and 22% without were low functioning (both P < .001). High‐functioning people with DM remained high functioning at 2 years but had a significantly higher incidence of heart disease and mortality than high‐functioning people without DM. Low‐functioning people with DM were significantly more likely to have vascular comorbidities at baseline than low‐functioning people without DM, but their 2‐year outcomes were similar. The intermediate‐functioning group showed the most differences between those with and without DM; those with DM were significantly (P < .01) more likely to have baseline vascular disease, low cognitive performance, increased incident vascular disease, and significantly worse 2‐year functioning and to have experienced falls (P < .001). CONCLUSION: Differences in baseline functional status in older adults with DM were associated with outcome differences. High‐functioning older people with DM tended to remain high functioning but demonstrated significantly higher incidence of heart disease and mortality than those without DM, whereas low‐functioning people with and without DM had similar outcomes. However, intermediate‐functioning older diabetics had worse health and functioning outcomes than a similarly impaired group without DM. DM management adjusted to functional status can potentially address the most‐relevant outcomes in the heterogeneous older population with DM. PB - 51 VL - 51 IS - 6 U4 - Diabetes/Health Status ER - TY - RPRT T1 - The Impact of Poor Health Behaviors on Workforce Disability Y1 - 2003 A1 - Richardson, Caroline R. A1 - Jennifer T. Hanlon A1 - Hillary J. Mull A1 - Sandeep Vijan A1 - Rodney A. Hayward A1 - Linda A. Wray A1 - Kenneth M. Langa KW - Disabilities KW - Health Behavior KW - Labor force participation KW - Older Adults AB - The effects of poor health habits on mortality have been studied extensively. However, few studies have examined the impact of these health behaviors on workforce disability. In the Health and Retirement Study, a nationally representative cohort of 6044 Americans who were between the ages of 51 and 61 and who were working in 1992, we found that both baseline smoking status and a sedentary lifestyle predict workforce disability six years later. If this relationship is causal, cost-benefit analyses of health behavior intervention that neglect workforce disability may substantially underestimate the benefits of such interventions. PB - University of Michigan Retirement Research Center CY - Ann Arbor UR - https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/7189096.pdf ER - TY - RPRT T1 - Prevalence and Incidence of Health Problems in the First Two Waves of the Health and Retirement Study Y1 - 1995 A1 - Eileen M. Crimmins A1 - Mark D Hayward A1 - Linda A. Wray A1 - Lu, Ranyan KW - Health Conditions and Status U4 - Health status ER -