TY - JOUR T1 - Vision and Hearing Difficulties and life expectancy without ADL/IADL-limitations: Evidence from the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing and the Health and Retirement Study. JF - J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci Y1 - 2023 A1 - Zaninotto, Paola A1 - Maharani, Asri A1 - Di Gessa, Giorgio AB -

BACKGROUND: Hearing and vision difficulties are some of the most common deficits experienced by older adults. Having either visual or hearing difficulty increases the risk of comorbidity, disability, and poor quality of life. So far, however, few studies have examined the association between vision and hearing difficulties on life expectancy without activities of daily living (ADL) instrumental ADL (IADL) limitations (LEWL).

METHODS: Data came from the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing (ELSA) and the Health and Retirement Study (HRS) in the US from 2002 to 2013. The outcome was defined as reporting 2+ limitations with ADL/IADL. Life expectancy was estimated by discrete-time multistate life table models, for hearing and vision difficulty separately as well as for combined vision and hearing difficulties, by sex and age.

RESULTS: 13% of men in England and the US had ADL/IADL-limitations, whereas for women was 16% and 19% in England and the US. At all ages, either vision or hearing difficulty was associated with shorter LEWL compared to no difficulties. Dual sensory difficulty (vision and hearing) reduced LEWL by up to 12 years in both countries. At the ages of 50 and 60 in England, hearing difficulty was associated with fewer years lived without ADL/IADL-limitations than vision difficulty. In contrast, in the US, vision difficulty led to fewer years lived without ADL/IADL-limitations than hearing difficulty.

CONCLUSIONS: The implementation of strategies to reduce the prevalence and incidence of vision and hearing difficulties has the potential to increase the number of years spent without ADL/IADL-limitations.

ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Behavioural risk factors and healthy life expectancy: evidence from two longitudinal studies of ageing in England and the US JF - Scientific Reports Y1 - 2020 A1 - Zaninotto, Paola A1 - Head, Jenny A1 - Andrew Steptoe KW - Diseases KW - Risk Factors AB - We examined whether the co-occurrence of four behavioural risk factors (alcohol consumption, smoking, physical inactivity and obesity) is associated with disability-free and chronic disease-free life expectancy similarly in two longitudinal studies of ageing in England and the United States. Data were from 17,351 individuals aged 50+ from the US Health and Retirement Study (HRS) and, 10,388 from the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing (ELSA), from 2002 to 2013. Disability-free life expectancy was estimated using repeat measures of limitations with instrumental activities and activities of daily living and, chronic disease-free life expectancy was based on chronic health conditions. Multistate life table models were used to estimate sex-specific health expectancy at the ages of 50, 60 and 70. In both countries and at all ages, there was a clear gradient towards shorter health expectancy with increasing number of behavioural risk factors. Compared to people with 2+ behavioural risk factors, in both countries, those with no behavioural risk factors could expect to live up to 11 years longer without disability and, up to 12 years longer without chronic conditions. Individual and co-occurring behavioural risk factors were strongly associated with shorter healthy life expectancy in both countries, attesting to the robustness of the contribution of lifestyle factors on health expectancy. VL - 10 SN - 2045-2322 JO - Scientific Reports ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Socioeconomic Inequalities in Disability-free Life Expectancy in Older People from England and the United States: A Cross-national Population-Based Study JF - The Journals of Gerontology: Series A Y1 - 2020 A1 - Zaninotto, Paola A1 - G David Batty A1 - Stenholm, Sari A1 - Ichiro Kawachi A1 - Hyde, Martin A1 - Goldberg, Marcel A1 - Westerlund, Hugo A1 - Vahtera, Jussi A1 - Head, Jenny KW - Cross-National KW - Disability KW - Healthy life expectancy KW - socioeconomic status AB - We examined socioeconomic inequalities in disability-free life expectancy in older men and women from England and the United States and explored whether people in England can expect to live longer and healthier lives than those in the United States.We used harmonized data from the Gateway to Global Aging Data on 14,803 individuals aged 50+ from the U.S. Health and Retirement Study (HRS) and 10,754 from the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing (ELSA). Disability was measured in terms of impaired activities and instrumental activities of daily living. We used discrete-time multistate life table models to estimate total life expectancy and life expectancy free of disability.Socioeconomic inequalities in disability-free life expectancy were of a similar magnitude (in absolute terms) in England and the United States. The socioeconomic disadvantage in disability-free life expectancy was largest for wealth, in both countries: people in the poorest group could expect to live seven to nine fewer years without disability than those in the richest group at the age of 50.Inequalities in healthy life expectancy exist in both countries and are of similar magnitude. In both countries, efforts in reducing health inequalities should target people from disadvantaged socioeconomic groups. VL - 75 IS - 5 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Vision and Hearing Impairments in Relation to Disability-Free Life Expectancy in People From England and the United States JF - Innovation in Aging Y1 - 2020 A1 - Zaninotto, Paola A1 - Giorgio Di Gessa A1 - Head, Jenny KW - disability-free life expectancy KW - Hearing impairment KW - vision impairment AB - Both hearing and vision impairments are some of the most common deficits experienced by older adults. We examined the impact of self-reported vision and hearing impairments on disability-free life expectancy (DFLE). We used harmonized data from the Gateway to Global Aging Data from the US Health and Retirement Study (HRS) and the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing (ELSA). We used discrete-time multistate life table models to estimate disability-free life expectancy by sex, age and country. In both countries and at all ages either vision or hearing impairment was associated with shorter DFLE compared to those who reported no impairments. Reporting both vision and hearing impairments reduced DFLE. For example, at the age of 50, men and women with both vision and hearing impairments could expect to live up to 12 fewer years free from disability compared with men and women with no impairments, similar results were found in both countries. VL - 4 SN - 2399-5300 IS - Suppl 1 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Occupational and educational inequalities in exit from employment at older ages: evidence from seven prospective cohorts JF - Occupational and Environmental Medicine Y1 - 2018 A1 - Carr, Ewan A1 - Fleischmann, Maria A1 - Goldberg, Marcel A1 - Kuh, Diana A1 - Murray, Emily T A1 - Stafford, Mai A1 - Stansfeld, Stephen A1 - Vahtera, Jussi A1 - Xue, Baowen A1 - Zaninotto, Paola A1 - Zins, Marie A1 - Head, Jenny KW - Education KW - Employment and Labor Force KW - Europe KW - Health Disparities KW - Work AB - Objectives Past studies have identified socioeconomic inequalities in the timing and route of labour market exit at older ages. However, few studies have compared these trends cross-nationally and existing evidence focuses on specific institutional outcomes (such as disability pension and sickness absence) in Nordic countries. We examined differences by education level and occupational grade in the risks of work exit and health-related work exit. Methods Prospective longitudinal data were drawn from seven studies (n=99 164). Participants were in paid work at least once around age 50. Labour market exit was derived based on reductions in working hours, changes in self-reported employment status or from administrative records. Health-related exit was ascertained by receipt of health-related benefit or pension or from the reported reason for stopping work. Cox regression models were estimated for each study, adjusted for baseline self-rated health and birth cohort. Results There were 50 003 work exits during follow-up, of which an average of 14% (range 2-32%) were health related. Low level education and low occupational grade were associated with increased risks of health-related exit in most studies. Low level education and occupational grade were also associated with an increased risk of any exit from work, although with less consistency across studies. Conclusions Workers with low socioeconomic position have an increased risk of health-related exit from employment. Policies that extend working life may disadvantage such workers disproportionally, especially where institutional support for those exiting due to poor health is minimal. VL - 75 UR - http://oem.bmj.com/content/75/5/369 IS - 5 JO - Occup Environ Med ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Greater Perceived Age Discrimination in England than the United States: Results from HRS and ELSA. JF - J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci Y1 - 2015 A1 - Rippon, Isla A1 - Zaninotto, Paola A1 - Andrew Steptoe KW - Aged KW - Aged, 80 and over KW - Ageism KW - England KW - Female KW - Humans KW - Longitudinal Studies KW - Male KW - Middle Aged KW - Perception KW - Surveys and Questionnaires KW - United States AB -

OBJECTIVES: We examined cross-national differences in perceptions of age discrimination in England and the United States. Under the premise that the United States has had age discrimination legislation in place for considerably longer than England, we hypothesized that perceptions of age discrimination would be lower in the United States.

METHODS: We analyzed data from two nationally representative studies of aging, the U.S. Health and Retirement Study (n = 4,818) and the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing (n = 7,478). Respondents aged 52 years and older who attributed any experiences of discrimination to their age were treated as cases of perceived age discrimination. We used multivariable logistic regression to estimate the odds ratios of experiencing perceived age discrimination in relation to selected sociodemographic factors.

RESULTS: Perceptions of age discrimination were significantly higher in England than the United States, with 34.8% of men and women in England reporting age discrimination compared with 29.1% in the United States. Associations between perceived age discrimination and older age and lower levels of household wealth were observed in both countries, but we found differences between England and the United States in the relationship between perceived age discrimination and education.

DISCUSSION: Our study revealed that levels of perceived age discrimination are lower in the United States than England and are less socially patterned. This suggests that differing social and political circumstances in the two countries may have an important role to play.

PB - 70 VL - 70 UR - http://psychsocgerontology.oxfordjournals.org/content/early/2015/07/28/geronb.gbv040.abstract IS - 6 U1 - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26224759?dopt=Abstract U2 - PMC4600302 U4 - Ageism/Older adults/Cross-National Studies/Age discrimination/mental Health/International comparisons/Demographics/ELSA_ ER -