%0 Journal Article %J The Reporter %D 2020 %T Journey across a Century of Women %A Goldin, Claudia %K career %K Education %K Family %K women %X My talk will take us on a Journey across a Century of Women — a 120-year odyssey of generations of college-graduate women from a time when they were only able to have either a family or a career (sometimes a job), to now, when they anticipate having both a family and a career. More women than ever before are within striking distance of these goals. %B The Reporter %G eng %U https://www.nber.org/reporter/2020number3/journey-across-century-women %N 3 %0 Book Section %B Women Working Longer: Increased Employment at Older Ages %D 2018 %T Labor Market Implications of Providing Family Care %A Sean Fahle %A Kathleen McGarry %A Goldin, Claudia %A Katz, Lawrence F. %K Caregiving %K Employment and Labor Force %K Family Roles/Relationships %B Women Working Longer: Increased Employment at Older Ages %I University of Chicago Press %C Chicago %P 157-178 %@ 9780226532509 %G eng %R 10.7208/chicago/9780226532646.001.0001 %0 Journal Article %J Journal of Economic Perspectives %D 2017 %T The New Life Cycle of Women's Employment: Disappearing Humps, Sagging Middles, Expanding Tops %A Goldin, Claudia %A Mitchell, Joshua %B Journal of Economic Perspectives %V 31 %P 161 - 182 %8 Jan-02-2017 %G eng %U http://pubs.aeaweb.org/doi/10.1257/jep.31.1.161http://pubs.aeaweb.org/doi/pdf/10.1257/jep.31.1.161 %N 1 %! Journal of Economic Perspectives %R 10.1257/jep.31.1.161 %0 Report %D 2016 %T The New Lifecycle of Women’s Employment: Disappearing Humps, Sagging Middles, Expanding Tops %A Goldin, Claudia %A Mitchell, Joshua %K Employment and Labor Force %K Lifecycles %K Older Adults %K Retirement Planning and Satisfaction %K Women and Minorities %X A new lifecycle of women's employment emerged with cohorts born in the 1950s. For prior cohorts, lifecycle employment had a hump shape; it increased from the twenties to the forties, hit a peak and then declined starting in the fifties. The new lifecycle of employment is initially high and flat, there is a dip in the middle and a phasing out that is more prolonged than for previous cohorts. The hump is gone, the middle is a bit sagging and the top has greatly expanded. We explore the increase in cumulative work experience for women from the 1930s to the 1970s birth cohorts using the SIPP and the HRS. We investigate the changing labor force impact of a birth event across cohorts and by education and also the impact of taking leave or quitting. We find greatly increased labor force experience across cohorts, far less time out after a birth and greater labor force recovery for those who take paid or unpaid leave. Increased employment of women in their older ages is related to more continuous work experience across the lifecycle. %B NBER Working Paper Series %I National Bureau of Economic Research %C Cambridge, MA %P 1-39 %8 12/2016 %G eng %U http://www.nber.org/papers/w22913.pdf %R 10.3386/w22913 %0 Report %D 2016 %T Women Working Longer: Facts and Some Explanations %A Goldin, Claudia %A Katz, Lawrence F. %K labor force %K Older ages %K women working %X American women are working more, through their sixties and even into their seventies. Their increased participation at older ages started in the late 1980s before the turnaround in older men’s labor force participation and the economic downturns of the 2000s. The higher labor force participation of older women consists disproportionately of those working at full-time jobs. Increased labor force participation of women in their older ages is part of the general increase in cohort labor force participation. Cohort effects, in turn, are mainly a function of educational advances and greater prior work experience. But labor force participation rates of the most recent cohorts in their forties are less than those for previous cohorts. It would appear that employment at older ages could stagnate or even decrease. But several other factors will be operating in an opposing direction leading us to conclude that women are likely to continue to work even longer. %B The National Bureau of Economic Research Working Paper %I The National Bureau of Economic Research %C Cambridge %G eng %9 Report %R 10.3386/w22607