%0 Report %D 2013 %T New Measures of Fluid Intelligence in the HRS %A Gwenith G Fisher %A John J McArdle %A Ryan J McCammon %A Amanda Sonnega %A David R Weir %K Health Conditions and Status %K Methodology %X This user guide describes how measures designed to test quantitative reasoning, verbal reasoning and verbal fluency were implemented in the 2010 and 2012 waves of the Health and Retirement Study. The Number Series test and Retrieval Fluency test were administered in the 2010 and 2012 waves of HRS to the full sample. The Verbal Analogies test was administered to a 10 percent random sample of the full HRS sample in 2012. Number Series measures quantitative reasoning, a specific type of fluid cognitive ability or fluid intelligence. Quantitative reasoning ability involves reasoning with concepts that depend upon mathematical relationships. The number series task requires the respondent to look at a series of numbers with a number missing from the series. The respondent must determine the numerical pattern and then provide the missing number in the series. Retrieval Fluency measures an aspect of long-term retrieval : fluency of retrieval from stored knowledge. It was first incorporated in the HRS in the 2010 wave . This test is a typical neuropsychology test and was adapted by McArdle and Woodcock from the WJ-III Tests of Achievement: Retrieval Fluency ( Riverside Publishing). The measure consisted of a single item in which respondents were asked to name as many animals as they could within a 60-second time limit. This measure is consistent with animal fluency measures commonly administered in other neuropsychological exams (e.g., the CERAD animal fluency measure; Morris et al., 1989) . Administration protocols, test scoring, and data quality review procedures are discussed for each measure. %I Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan %C Ann Arbor, Michigan %G eng %4 Quantitative Reasoning/Verbal Reasoning/Verbal Fluency/Cognition/Cognitive ability/survey Methods %$ 69092 %0 Book Section %B Explorations in the Economics of Aging %D 2011 %T Cognition and Economic Outcomes %A John J McArdle %A James P Smith %A Robert J. Willis %E David A Wise %K Health Conditions and Status %B Explorations in the Economics of Aging %I University of Chicago Press %C Chicago %G eng %4 cognition %$ 23450 %! Cognition and Economic Outcomes %0 Journal Article %J Econ J (London) %D 2010 %T Financial Decision Making and Cognition in a Family Context. %A James P Smith %A John J McArdle %A Robert J. Willis %X

In this paper, we studied the association of cognitive traits and in particular numeracy of both spouses on financial outcomes of the family. We found significant effects, particularly for numeracy for financial and non-financial respondents alike, but much larger effects for the financial decision maker in the family. We also examined who makes these financial decisions in the family and why. Once again, cognitive traits such as numeracy were an important component of that decision with larger effects of numeracy for husbands compared to wives.

%B Econ J (London) %I 120 %V 120 %P F363-F380 %8 2010 Nov 01 %G eng %N 549 %L newpubs20110418_Smith.pdf %1 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21116477?dopt=Abstract %2 PMC2992344 %4 cognition/numeracy/financial decision-making/financial decision-making/Families %$ 25510 %R 10.1111/j.1468-0297.2010.02394.x %0 Journal Article %J Ann Intern Med %D 2008 %T Prevalence of cognitive impairment without dementia in the United States. %A Brenda L Plassman %A Kenneth M. Langa %A Gwenith G Fisher %A Steven G Heeringa %A David R Weir %A Mary Beth Ofstedal %A James R Burke %A Michael D Hurd %A Guy G Potter %A Willard L Rodgers %A David C Steffens %A John J McArdle %A Robert J. Willis %A Robert B Wallace %K Aged %K Aged, 80 and over %K Cognition Disorders %K Dementia %K disease progression %K Humans %K Longitudinal Studies %K Prevalence %K United States %X

BACKGROUND: Cognitive impairment without dementia is associated with increased risk for disability, increased health care costs, and progression to dementia. There are no population-based prevalence estimates of this condition in the United States.

OBJECTIVE: To estimate the prevalence of cognitive impairment without dementia in the United States and determine longitudinal cognitive and mortality outcomes.

DESIGN: Longitudinal study from July 2001 to March 2005.

SETTING: In-home assessment for cognitive impairment.

PARTICIPANTS: Participants in ADAMS (Aging, Demographics, and Memory Study) who were age 71 years or older drawn from the nationally representative HRS (Health and Retirement Study). Of 1770 selected individuals, 856 completed initial assessment, and of 241 selected individuals, 180 completed 16- to 18-month follow-up assessment.

MEASUREMENTS: Assessments, including neuropsychological testing, neurologic examination, and clinical and medical history, were used to assign a diagnosis of normal cognition, cognitive impairment without dementia, or dementia. National prevalence rates were estimated by using a population-weighted sample.

RESULTS: In 2002, an estimated 5.4 million people (22.2%) in the United States age 71 years or older had cognitive impairment without dementia. Prominent subtypes included prodromal Alzheimer disease (8.2%) and cerebrovascular disease (5.7%). Among participants who completed follow-up assessments, 11.7% with cognitive impairment without dementia progressed to dementia annually, whereas those with subtypes of prodromal Alzheimer disease and stroke progressed at annual rates of 17% to 20%. The annual death rate was 8% among those with cognitive impairment without dementia and almost 15% among those with cognitive impairment due to medical conditions.

LIMITATIONS: Only 56% of the nondeceased target sample completed the initial assessment. Population sampling weights were derived to adjust for at least some of the potential bias due to nonresponse and attrition.

CONCLUSION: Cognitive impairment without dementia is more prevalent in the United States than dementia, and its subtypes vary in prevalence and outcomes.

%B Ann Intern Med %I 148 %V 148 %P 427-34 %8 2008 Mar 18 %G eng %N 6 %L newpubs20080528_AnnIntMed.pdf %1 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18347351?dopt=Abstract %2 PMC2670458 %4 Cognitive Functioning/Dementia/Health Risk/PREVALENCE %$ 18530 %R 10.7326/0003-4819-148-6-200803180-00005