%0 Book Section %B Developments in the economics of aging %D 2009 %T The SES Health Gradient On Both Sides Of The Atlantic %A James Banks %A Michael Marmot %A Oldfield, Zoƫ %A James P Smith %E David A Wise %K Cross-National %K Healthcare %K Risk Taking %X Looking across many diseases, average health among mature men is much worse in America compared to England. Second, there exists a steep negative health gradient for men in both countries where men at the bottom of the economic hierarchy are in much worse health than those at the top. This health gradient exists whether education, income, or financial wealth is used as the marker of one's SES status. These conclusions are maintained even after controlling for a standard set of behavioral risk factors such as smoking, drinking, and obesity and are equally true using either biological measures of disease or individual self-reports. In contrast to these disease based measures, health of American men appears to be superior to the health of English men when self-reported general health status is used. The contradiction most likely stems instead from different thresholds used by Americans and English when evaluating health status on subjective scales. For the same objective health status, Americans are much more likely to say that their health is good than are the English. Finally, feedbacks from new health events to household income are one of the reasons that underlie the strength of the income gradient with health in England. %B Developments in the economics of aging %S A National Bureau of Economic Research conference report %I University of Chicago Press %C Chicago %P 359-406 %G eng %U https://ssrn.com/abstract=942969 %4 health outcomes/cross-national comparison/risk Factors/ELSA_ %$ 24190 %! The SES Health Gradient On Both Sides Of The Atlantic %& 10 %0 Journal Article %J Journal of Human Resources %D 2003 %T Special Issue on Cross-National Comparative Research Using Panel Surveys (Introduction) %A James P Smith %A Stafford, Frank %A Walker, James R. %K Households %K retirement savings %K Wealth %K Workforce %X Until recently, international comparative research had a poor reputation, especially in economics. Panel surveys comparable to those in the United States either did not exist or were viewed as being of low quality. However, the number and quantity of international panels surveys are improving rapidly and in many dimensions will soon exceed those of their U.S. counterparts, particularly as foreign-born academics trained in the United States use data from their home countries in their research. This article introduces a series of papers presented at a conference on comparative international research using panel surveys, which took place in Ann Arbor, Michigan in October 2000. Its goal was to encourage researchers in the social sciences to use panel surveys to address critical scientific and policy issues that would be better informed by international comparisons and the variation in policy environments across countries. Five of the seven papers explicitly or implicitly examine international differences in savings behavior and wealth accumulation; the two remaining papers use international comparisons to assess the status of young children. %B Journal of Human Resources %I 38 %V 38 %P 231-240 %G eng %N 2 %4 Longitudinal Studies/Panel Data/Cross Cultural Comparison %$ 11512 %R 10.2307/1558744 %0 Book Section %B Wealth, Work and Health: Innovations in Measurement in the Social Sciences %D 1999 %T The Several Cultures of Research on Subjective Expectations %A Dominitz, Jeff %A Charles F Manski %E James P Smith %E Robert J. Willis %K Expectations %K Methodology %B Wealth, Work and Health: Innovations in Measurement in the Social Sciences %I University of Michigan Press %C Ann Arbor, MI %P 15-33 %@ 0472110268 %G eng %U https://books.google.com/books?id=lKvp4D1HuH8C&pg=PA209&lpg=PA209&dq=The+Size+Distribution+of+Wealth+in+the+United+States:+A+Comparison+Among+Recent+Household+Surveys&source=bl&ots=hFIAdSeWob&sig=ACfU3U2nIQ6QSOJ4wEBUDcbZOo-x7n8b7g&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjQ %4 Methodology/Subjective Expectations %$ 8188 %! The Several Cultures of Research on Subjective Expectations %0 Book Section %B Wealth, Work and Health: Innovations in Measurement in the Social Sciences %D 1999 %T The Size Distribution of Wealth in the United States: A Comparison Among Recent Household Surveys %A Wolff, Edward %E James P Smith %E Robert J. Willis %K Income %K Methodology %B Wealth, Work and Health: Innovations in Measurement in the Social Sciences %I University of Michigan Press %C Ann Arbor, MI %P 209-32 %G eng %U https://books.google.com/books?id=lKvp4D1HuH8C&pg=PA209&lpg=PA209&dq=The+Size+Distribution+of+Wealth+in+the+United+States:+A+Comparison+Among+Recent+Household+Surveys&source=bl&ots=hFIAdSeWob&sig=ACfU3U2nIQ6QSOJ4wEBUDcbZOo-x7n8b7g&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjQ %4 Personal Income and Wealth Distribution/Microeconomic Data Management %$ 8200 %! The Size Distribution of Wealth in the United States: A Comparison Among Recent Household Surveys %0 Journal Article %J American Economic Review %D 1998 %T Socioeconomic Status and Health %A James P Smith %K Consumption and Savings %K Demographics %K Health Conditions and Status %B American Economic Review %I 88 %V 88 %P 192-96 %G eng %N 2 %L pubs_1998_Smith_JAER.pdf %4 Health Production/Economic Behavior/Health Status/Socioeconomic Status %$ 1104 %0 Journal Article %J American Journal of Public Health %D 1997 %T Socioeconomic Status and Racial and Ethnic Differences in Functional Status Associated with Chronic Diseases %A Raynard Kington %A James P Smith %K Demographics %K Health Conditions and Status %K Income %K Methodology %K Other %K Retirement Planning and Satisfaction %K Women and Minorities %X OBJECTIVES: This study examined the relationships between wealth and income and selected racial and ethnic differences in health. METHODS: Cross-sectional data on a national sample of 9744 men and women aged 51 through 61 from the 1992 Health and Retirement Survey were analyzed to examine the association between socioeconomic status and racial and ethnic differences in functional status among those with hypertension, diabetes, a heart condition, and arthritis. RESULTS: Compared with Whites, African Americans report higher rates of hypertension, diabetes, and arthritis, while Hispanics report higher rates of hypertension and diabetes and a lower rate of heart conditions. Accounting for differences in education, income, and wealth had little effect on these prevalence differences. In general, among those with chronic diseases, African Americans and Hispanics reported worse function than Whites. This disadvantage was eliminated in every case by controlling for socioeconomic status. CONCLUSIONS: While socioeconomic status, including wealth, accounts for much of the difference in functional status associated with these chronic diseases. It plays a relatively small role in explaining differences in the prevalence of chronic disease, possibly reflecting different causal pathways. %B American Journal of Public Health %I 87 %V 87 %P 805-10 %G eng %N 5 %4 Arthritis/Blacks/Chronic Disease/Cross Sectional Studies/Diabetes Mellitus/Female/Health Surveys/Heart Diseases/Hispanic Americans/Human/Hypertension/Ethnology/Etiology/Physiopathology/Income/Middle Age/Prevalence/Research Design/Retirement/Socioeconomic Factors/Support, U.S. Government--PHS/Whites %$ 4260