%0 Journal Article %J Molecular Psychiatry %D 2022 %T Genome-wide meta-analyses reveal novel loci for verbal short-term memory and learning. %A Lahti, Jari %A Tuominen, Samuli %A Yang, Qiong %A Pergola, Giulio %A Ahmad, Shahzad %A Amin, Najaf %A Armstrong, Nicola J %A Beiser, Alexa %A Bey, Katharina %A Bis, Joshua C %A Boerwinkle, Eric %A Bressler, Jan %A Campbell, Archie %A Campbell, Harry %A Chen, Qiang %A Corley, Janie %A Cox, Simon R %A Davies, Gail %A De Jager, Philip L %A Derks, Eske M %A Jessica Faul %A Fitzpatrick, Annette L %A Fohner, Alison E %A Ford, Ian %A Fornage, Myriam %A Gerring, Zachary %A Grabe, Hans J %A Grodstein, Francine %A Gudnason, Vilmundur %A Simonsick, Eleanor %A Holliday, Elizabeth G %A Joshi, Peter K %A Kajantie, Eero %A Kaprio, Jaakko %A Karell, Pauliina %A Kleineidam, Luca %A Knol, Maria J %A Kochan, Nicole A %A Kwok, John B %A Leber, Markus %A Lam, Max %A Lee, Teresa %A Li, Shuo %A Loukola, Anu %A Luck, Tobias %A Marioni, Riccardo E %A Mather, Karen A %A Medland, Sarah %A Mirza, Saira S %A Nalls, Mike A %A Nho, Kwangsik %A O'Donnell, Adrienne %A Oldmeadow, Christopher %A Painter, Jodie %A Pattie, Alison %A Reppermund, Simone %A Risacher, Shannon L %A Rose, Richard J %A Sadashivaiah, Vijay %A Scholz, Markus %A Satizabal, Claudia L %A Schofield, Peter W %A Schraut, Katharina E %A Scott, Rodney J %A Simino, Jeannette %A Smith, Albert V %A Smith, Jennifer A %A Stott, David J %A Surakka, Ida %A Teumer, Alexander %A Thalamuthu, Anbupalam %A Trompet, Stella %A Turner, Stephen T %A van der Lee, Sven J %A Villringer, Arno %A Völker, Uwe %A Wilson, Robert S %A Wittfeld, Katharina %A Vuoksimaa, Eero %A Xia, Rui %A Yaffe, Kristine %A Yu, Lei %A Zare, Habil %A Zhao, Wei %A Ames, David %A Attia, John %A Bennett, David A %A Brodaty, Henry %A Chasman, Daniel I %A Goldman, Aaron L %A Hayward, Caroline %A Ikram, M Arfan %A Jukema, J Wouter %A Sharon L R Kardia %A Lencz, Todd %A Loeffler, Markus %A Mattay, Venkata S %A Palotie, Aarno %A Psaty, Bruce M %A Ramirez, Alfredo %A Ridker, Paul M %A Riedel-Heller, Steffi G %A Sachdev, Perminder S %A Saykin, Andrew J %A Scherer, Martin %A Schofield, Peter R %A Sidney, Stephen %A Starr, John M %A Trollor, Julian %A Ulrich, William %A Wagner, Michael %A David R Weir %A Wilson, James F %A Wright, Margaret J %A Weinberger, Daniel R %A Debette, Stéphanie %A Eriksson, Johan G %A Mosley, Thomas H %A Launer, Lenore J %A van Duijn, Cornelia M %A Deary, Ian J %A Seshadri, Sudha %A Räikkönen, Katri %K Genome %K health outcomes %K Memory %K neurocognitive outcomes %K polygenic score %K Verbal Learning %X

Understanding the genomic basis of memory processes may help in combating neurodegenerative disorders. Hence, we examined the associations of common genetic variants with verbal short-term memory and verbal learning in adults without dementia or stroke (N = 53,637). We identified novel loci in the intronic region of CDH18, and at 13q21 and 3p21.1, as well as an expected signal in the APOE/APOC1/TOMM40 region. These results replicated in an independent sample. Functional and bioinformatic analyses supported many of these loci and further implicated POC1. We showed that polygenic score for verbal learning associated with brain activation in right parieto-occipital region during working memory task. Finally, we showed genetic correlations of these memory traits with several neurocognitive and health outcomes. Our findings suggest a role of several genomic loci in verbal memory processes.

%B Molecular Psychiatry %G eng %R 10.1038/s41380-022-01710-8 %0 Journal Article %J Mol Psychiatry %D 2021 %T Gene-educational attainment interactions in a multi-ancestry genome-wide meta-analysis identify novel blood pressure loci. %A de Las Fuentes, Lisa %A Yun Ju Sung %A Noordam, Raymond %A Thomas W Winkler %A Feitosa, Mary F %A Schwander, Karen %A Bentley, Amy R %A Brown, Michael R %A Guo, Xiuqing %A Alisa Manning %A Daniel I Chasman %A Aschard, Hugues %A Traci M Bartz %A Bielak, Lawrence F %A Campbell, Archie %A Cheng, Ching-Yu %A Dorajoo, Rajkumar %A Hartwig, Fernando P %A Horimoto, A R V R %A Li, Changwei %A Li-Gao, Ruifang %A Liu, Yongmei %A Marten, Jonathan %A Musani, Solomon K %A Ntalla, Ioanna %A Rankinen, Tuomo %A Melissa Richard %A Sim, Xueling %A Smith, Albert V %A Tajuddin, Salman M %A Bamidele O Tayo %A Vojinovic, Dina %A Warren, Helen R %A Xuan, Deng %A Alver, Maris %A Boissel, Mathilde %A Jin-Fang Chai %A Chen, Xu %A Christensen, Kaare %A Divers, Jasmin %A Evangelou, Evangelos %A Gao, Chuan %A Giorgia G Girotto %A Sarah E Harris %A He, Meian %A Hsu, Fang-Chi %A Kühnel, Brigitte %A Laguzzi, Federica %A Li, Xiaoyin %A Lyytikäinen, Leo-Pekka %A Ilja M Nolte %A Poveda, Alaitz %A Rauramaa, Rainer %A Riaz, Muhammad %A Rueedi, Rico %A Shu, Xiao-Ou %A Snieder, Harold %A Sofer, Tamar %A Takeuchi, Fumihiko %A Verweij, Niek %A Erin B Ware %A Weiss, Stefan %A Yanek, Lisa R %A Amin, Najaf %A Dan E Arking %A Donna K Arnett %A Bergmann, Sven %A Boerwinkle, Eric %A Brody, Jennifer A %A Broeckel, Ulrich %A Brumat, Marco %A Burke, Gregory %A Cabrera, Claudia P %A Canouil, Mickaël %A Chee, Miao Li %A Chen, Yii-Der Ida %A Cocca, Massimiliano %A Connell, John %A de Silva, H Janaka %A de Vries, Paul S %A Eiriksdottir, Gudny %A Jessica Faul %A Fisher, Virginia %A Forrester, Terrence %A Fox, Ervin F %A Friedlander, Yechiel %A Gao, He %A Gigante, Bruna %A Giulianini, Franco %A Gu, Chi Charles %A Gu, Dongfeng %A Tamara B Harris %A He, Jiang %A Heikkinen, Sami %A Heng, Chew-Kiat %A Hunt, Steven %A Ikram, M Arfan %A Irvin, Marguerite R %A Kähönen, Mika %A Kavousi, Maryam %A Khor, Chiea Chuen %A Kilpeläinen, Tuomas O %A Koh, Woon-Puay %A Komulainen, Pirjo %A Kraja, Aldi T %A Krieger, J E %A Langefeld, Carl D %A Li, Yize %A Liang, Jingjing %A David C Liewald %A Liu, Ching-Ti %A Liu, Jianjun %A Kurt Lohman %A Mägi, Reedik %A McKenzie, Colin A %A Meitinger, Thomas %A Andres Metspalu %A Milaneschi, Yuri %A Lili Milani %A Dennis O Mook-Kanamori %A Michael A Nalls %A Nelson, Christopher P %A Norris, Jill M %A Jeff O'Connell %A Ogunniyi, Adesola %A Padmanabhan, Sandosh %A Palmer, Nicholette D %A Nancy L Pedersen %A Thomas T Perls %A Peters, Annette %A Petersmann, Astrid %A Peyser, Patricia A %A Polasek, Ozren %A David J Porteous %A Raffel, Leslie J %A Rice, Treva K %A Rotter, Jerome I %A Rudan, Igor %A Rueda-Ochoa, Oscar-Leonel %A Sabanayagam, Charumathi %A Babatunde Salako %A Schreiner, Pamela J %A Shikany, James M %A Stephen Sidney %A Sims, Mario %A Sitlani, Colleen M %A Smith, Jennifer A %A John M Starr %A Strauch, Konstantin %A Swertz, Morris A %A Teumer, Alexander %A Tham, Yih Chung %A André G Uitterlinden %A Vaidya, Dhananjay %A van der Ende, M Yldau %A Waldenberger, Melanie %A Wang, Lihua %A Wang, Ya-Xing %A Wei, Wen-Bin %A David R Weir %A Wen, Wanqing %A Yao, Jie %A Yu, Bing %A Yu, Caizheng %A Yuan, Jian-Min %A Zhao, Wei %A Alan B Zonderman %A Becker, Diane M %A Bowden, Donald W %A Ian J Deary %A Dörr, Marcus %A Tõnu Esko %A Freedman, Barry I %A Froguel, Philippe %A Paolo P. Gasparini %A Gieger, Christian %A Jost Bruno Jonas %A Kammerer, Candace M %A Kato, Norihiro %A Lakka, Timo A %A Leander, Karin %A Lehtimäki, Terho %A Patrik K E Magnusson %A Marques-Vidal, Pedro %A Brenda W J H Penninx %A Nilesh J Samani %A van der Harst, Pim %A Wagenknecht, Lynne E %A Wu, Tangchun %A Zheng, Wei %A Zhu, Xiaofeng %A Bouchard, Claude %A Cooper, Richard S %A Correa, Adolfo %A Michele K Evans %A Gudnason, Vilmundur %A Caroline Hayward %A Horta, Bernardo L %A Tanika N Kelly %A Stephen B Kritchevsky %A Levy, Daniel %A Walter R Palmas %A Pereira, A C %A Province, Michael M %A Psaty, Bruce M %A Ridker, Paul M %A Charles N Rotimi %A Tai, E Shyong %A van Dam, Rob M %A Cornelia M van Duijn %A Wong, Tien Yin %A Kenneth Rice %A Gauderman, W James %A Alanna C Morrison %A Kari E North %A Sharon L R Kardia %A Caulfield, Mark J %A Elliott, Paul %A Munroe, Patricia B %A Franks, Paul W %A Rao, Dabeeru C %A Myriam Fornage %K Blood pressure %K Epistasis, Genetic %K Genetic Loci %K Genome-Wide Association Study %K Humans %K Hypertension %K Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide %X

Educational attainment is widely used as a surrogate for socioeconomic status (SES). Low SES is a risk factor for hypertension and high blood pressure (BP). To identify novel BP loci, we performed multi-ancestry meta-analyses accounting for gene-educational attainment interactions using two variables, "Some College" (yes/no) and "Graduated College" (yes/no). Interactions were evaluated using both a 1 degree of freedom (DF) interaction term and a 2DF joint test of genetic and interaction effects. Analyses were performed for systolic BP, diastolic BP, mean arterial pressure, and pulse pressure. We pursued genome-wide interrogation in Stage 1 studies (N = 117 438) and follow-up on promising variants in Stage 2 studies (N = 293 787) in five ancestry groups. Through combined meta-analyses of Stages 1 and 2, we identified 84 known and 18 novel BP loci at genome-wide significance level (P < 5 × 10). Two novel loci were identified based on the 1DF test of interaction with educational attainment, while the remaining 16 loci were identified through the 2DF joint test of genetic and interaction effects. Ten novel loci were identified in individuals of African ancestry. Several novel loci show strong biological plausibility since they involve physiologic systems implicated in BP regulation. They include genes involved in the central nervous system-adrenal signaling axis (ZDHHC17, CADPS, PIK3C2G), vascular structure and function (GNB3, CDON), and renal function (HAS2 and HAS2-AS1, SLIT3). Collectively, these findings suggest a role of educational attainment or SES in further dissection of the genetic architecture of BP.

%B Mol Psychiatry %V 26 %P 2111-2125 %G eng %N 6 %R 10.1038/s41380-020-0719-3 %0 Journal Article %J Nature Human Behaviour %D 2019 %T New alcohol-related genes suggest shared genetic mechanisms with neuropsychiatric disorders. %A Evangelou, Evangelos %A Gao, He %A Chu, Congying %A Ntritsos, Georgios %A Blakeley, Paul %A Butts, Andrew R %A Pazoki, Raha %A Suzuki, Hideaki %A Koskeridis, Fotios %A Yiorkas, Andrianos M %A Karaman, Ibrahim %A Elliott, Joshua %A Luo, Qiang %A Aeschbacher, Stefanie %A Traci M Bartz %A Baumeister, Sebastian E %A Braund, Peter S %A Brown, Michael R %A Brody, Jennifer A %A Clarke, Toni-Kim %A Dimou, Niki %A Jessica Faul %A Homuth, Georg %A Jackson, Anne U %A Kentistou, Katherine A %A Joshi, Peter K %A Lemaitre, Rozenn N %A Penelope A Lind %A Lyytikäinen, Leo-Pekka %A Mangino, Massimo %A Milaneschi, Yuri %A Nelson, Christopher P %A Ilja M Nolte %A Perälä, Mia-Maria %A Polasek, Ozren %A David J Porteous %A Scott M Ratliff %A Smith, Jennifer A %A Stančáková, Alena %A Teumer, Alexander %A Tuominen, Samuli %A Thériault, Sébastien %A Vangipurapu, Jagadish %A Whitfield, John B %A Wood, Alexis %A Yao, Jie %A Yu, Bing %A Zhao, Wei %A Dan E Arking %A Auvinen, Juha %A Liu, Chunyu %A Männikkö, Minna %A Risch, Lorenz %A Rotter, Jerome I %A Snieder, Harold %A Veijola, Juha %A Alexandra I Blakemore %A Boehnke, Michael %A Campbell, Harry %A Conen, David %A Johan G Eriksson %A Hans-Jörgen Grabe %A Guo, Xiuqing %A van der Harst, Pim %A Catharina A Hartman %A Caroline Hayward %A Andrew C Heath %A Järvelin, Marjo-Riitta %A Kähönen, Mika %A Sharon L R Kardia %A Kühne, Michael %A Kuusisto, Johanna %A Laakso, Markku %A Lahti, Jari %A Lehtimäki, Terho %A McIntosh, Andrew M %A Mohlke, Karen L %A Alanna C Morrison %A Nicholas G Martin %A Oldehinkel, Albertine J %A Brenda W J H Penninx %A Psaty, Bruce M %A Olli T Raitakari %A Rudan, Igor %A Nilesh J Samani %A Scott, Laura J %A Timothy Spector %A Verweij, Niek %A David R Weir %A James F Wilson %A Levy, Daniel %A Tzoulaki, Ioanna %A Bell, Jimmy D %A Matthews, Paul M %A Rothenfluh, Adrian %A Desrivières, Sylvane %A Schumann, Gunter %A Elliott, Paul %K Adult %K Aged %K Alcohol Drinking %K Alcoholism %K Brain %K Female %K genes %K Genetic Predisposition to Disease %K Genome-Wide Association Study %K Humans %K Magnetic Resonance Imaging %K Male %K Mental Disorders %K Middle Aged %K Neuroimaging %K Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide %K Quantitative Trait Loci %K Schizophrenia %K Whites %X

Excessive alcohol consumption is one of the main causes of death and disability worldwide. Alcohol consumption is a heritable complex trait. Here we conducted a meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies of alcohol consumption (g d) from the UK Biobank, the Alcohol Genome-Wide Consortium and the Cohorts for Heart and Aging Research in Genomic Epidemiology Plus consortia, collecting data from 480,842 people of European descent to decipher the genetic architecture of alcohol intake. We identified 46 new common loci and investigated their potential functional importance using magnetic resonance imaging data and gene expression studies. We identify genetic pathways associated with alcohol consumption and suggest genetic mechanisms that are shared with neuropsychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia.

%B Nature Human Behaviour %V 3 %P 950-961 %G eng %N 9 %R 10.1038/s41562-019-0653-z %0 Journal Article %J Nat Genet %D 2018 %T Protein-altering variants associated with body mass index implicate pathways that control energy intake and expenditure in obesity. %A Turcot, Valérie %A Lu, Yingchang %A Highland, Heather M %A Schurmann, Claudia %A Justice, Anne E %A Fine, Rebecca S %A Bradfield, Jonathan P %A Tõnu Esko %A Giri, Ayush %A Graff, Mariaelisa %A Guo, Xiuqing %A Hendricks, Audrey E %A Karaderi, Tugce %A Lempradl, Adelheid %A Locke, Adam E %A Mahajan, Anubha %A Marouli, Eirini %A Sivapalaratnam, Suthesh %A Young, Kristin L %A Alfred, Tamuno %A Feitosa, Mary F %A Masca, Nicholas G D %A Alisa Manning %A Medina-Gomez, Carolina %A Mudgal, Poorva %A Ng, Maggie C Y %A Reiner, Alex P %A Vedantam, Sailaja %A Willems, Sara M %A Thomas W Winkler %A Gonçalo R Abecasis %A Aben, Katja K %A Alam, Dewan S %A Alharthi, Sameer E %A Matthew A. Allison %A Amouyel, Philippe %A Asselbergs, Folkert W %A Auer, Paul L %A Balkau, Beverley %A Bang, Lia E %A Barroso, Inês %A Bastarache, Lisa %A Benn, Marianne %A Bergmann, Sven %A Bielak, Lawrence F %A Blüher, Matthias %A Boehnke, Michael %A Boeing, Heiner %A Boerwinkle, Eric %A Böger, Carsten A %A Bork-Jensen, Jette %A Bots, Michiel L %A Erwin P Bottinger %A Bowden, Donald W %A Brandslund, Ivan %A Breen, Gerome %A Brilliant, Murray H %A Broer, Linda %A Brumat, Marco %A Burt, Amber A %A Adam S Butterworth %A Campbell, Peter T %A Cappellani, Stefania %A Carey, David J %A Catamo, Eulalia %A Caulfield, Mark J %A Chambers, John C %A Daniel I Chasman %A Yii-Der I Chen %A Chowdhury, Rajiv %A Cramer Christensen %A Chu, Audrey Y %A Cocca, Massimiliano %A Collins, Francis S %A Cook, James P %A Corley, Janie %A Jordi Corominas Galbany %A Cox, Amanda J %A Crosslin, David S %A Cuellar-Partida, Gabriel %A D'Eustacchio, Angela %A Danesh, John %A Gail Davies %A Bakker, Paul I W %A Groot, Mark C H %A Mutsert, Renée %A Ian J Deary %A George Dedoussis %A Ellen W Demerath %A Heijer, Martin %A Anneke I den Hollander %A Hester M den Ruijter %A Joe G Dennis %A Denny, Josh C %A Angelantonio, Emanuele %A Drenos, Fotios %A Du, Mengmeng %A Dubé, Marie-Pierre %A Dunning, Alison M %A Easton, Douglas F %A Edwards, Todd L %A Ellinghaus, David %A Ellinor, Patrick T %A Elliott, Paul %A Evangelou, Evangelos %A Farmaki, Aliki-Eleni %A Farooqi, I Sadaf %A Jessica Faul %A Fauser, Sascha %A Feng, Shuang %A Ferrannini, Ele %A Ferrières, Jean %A Florez, Jose C %A Ford, Ian %A Myriam Fornage %A Franco, Oscar H %A Franke, Andre %A Franks, Paul W %A Friedrich, Nele %A Frikke-Schmidt, Ruth %A Galesloot, Tessel E %A Gan, Wei %A Gandin, Ilaria %A Paolo P. Gasparini %A Gibson, Jane %A Giedraitis, Vilmantas %A Gjesing, Anette P %A Gordon-Larsen, Penny %A Gorski, Mathias %A Hans-Jörgen Grabe %A Grant, Struan F A %A Grarup, Niels %A Griffiths, Helen L %A Grove, Megan L %A Gudnason, Vilmundur %A Gustafsson, Stefan %A Jeffrey Haessler %A Hakonarson, Hakon %A Anke R Hammerschlag %A Hansen, Torben %A Tamara B Harris %A Andrew T Hattersley %A Have, Christian T %A Caroline Hayward %A He, Liang %A Heard-Costa, Nancy L %A Andrew C Heath %A Iris M Heid %A Helgeland, Øyvind %A Hernesniemi, Jussi %A Hewitt, Alex W %A Oddgeir L Holmen %A Hovingh, G Kees %A Howson, Joanna M M %A Hu, Yao %A Huang, Paul L %A Huffman, Jennifer E %A Mohammed Arfan Ikram %A Ingelsson, Erik %A Jackson, Anne U %A Jansson, Jan-Håkan %A Jarvik, Gail P %A Jensen, Gorm B %A Jia, Yucheng %A Johansson, Stefan %A Jørgensen, Marit E %A Jørgensen, Torben %A Jukema, J Wouter %A Kahali, Bratati %A Kahn, René S %A Kähönen, Mika %A Kamstrup, Pia R %A Kanoni, Stavroula %A Kaprio, Jaakko %A Karaleftheri, Maria %A Sharon L R Kardia %A Karpe, Fredrik %A Kathiresan, Sekar %A Kee, Frank %A Lambertus A Kiemeney %A Eric S Kim %A Kitajima, Hidetoshi %A Komulainen, Pirjo %A Kooner, Jaspal S %A Charles Kooperberg %A Korhonen, Tellervo %A Kovacs, Peter %A Kuivaniemi, Helena %A Kutalik, Zoltán %A Kuulasmaa, Kari %A Kuusisto, Johanna %A Laakso, Markku %A Lakka, Timo A %A Lamparter, David %A Lange, Ethan M %A Leslie A Lange %A Langenberg, Claudia %A Eric B Larson %A Lee, Nanette R %A Lehtimäki, Terho %A Lewis, Cora E %A Li, Huaixing %A Li, Jin %A Li-Gao, Ruifang %A Lin, Honghuang %A Lin, Keng-Hung %A Lin, Li-An %A Lin, Xu %A Lars Lind %A Lindström, Jaana %A Linneberg, Allan %A Liu, Ching-Ti %A Liu, Dajiang J %A Yongmei Liu %A Ken Sin Lo %A Lophatananon, Artitaya %A Lotery, Andrew J %A Loukola, Anu %A Luan, Jian'an %A Lubitz, Steven A %A Lyytikäinen, Leo-Pekka %A Männistö, Satu %A Marenne, Gaëlle %A Mazul, Angela L %A McCarthy, Mark I %A McKean-Cowdin, Roberta %A Sarah E Medland %A Meidtner, Karina %A Lili Milani %A Mistry, Vanisha %A Mitchell, Paul %A Mohlke, Karen L %A Moilanen, Leena %A Moitry, Marie %A Grant W Montgomery %A Dennis O Mook-Kanamori %A Moore, Carmel %A Mori, Trevor A %A Morris, Andrew D %A Morris, Andrew P %A Müller-Nurasyid, Martina %A Munroe, Patricia B %A Michael A Nalls %A Narisu, Narisu %A Nelson, Christopher P %A Neville, Matt %A Sune Fallgaard Nielsen %A Nikus, Kjell %A Njølstad, Pål R %A Børge G Nordestgaard %A Nyholt, Dale R %A Jeff O'Connell %A O'Donoghue, Michelle L %A Ophoff, Roel A %A Owen, Katharine R %A Packard, Chris J %A Padmanabhan, Sandosh %A Palmer, Colin N A %A Palmer, Nicholette D %A Pasterkamp, Gerard %A Patel, Aniruddh P %A Pattie, Alison %A Pedersen, Oluf %A Peissig, Peggy L %A Peloso, Gina M %A Pennell, Craig E %A Markus Perola %A Perry, James A %A Perry, John R B %A Pers, Tune H %A Person, Thomas N %A Peters, Annette %A Petersen, Eva R B %A Peyser, Patricia A %A Pirie, Ailith %A Polasek, Ozren %A Tinca J Polderman %A Puolijoki, Hannu %A Olli T Raitakari %A Rasheed, Asif %A Rauramaa, Rainer %A Reilly, Dermot F %A Renstrom, Frida %A Rheinberger, Myriam %A Ridker, Paul M %A Rioux, John D %A Rivas, Manuel A %A Roberts, David J %A Neil R Robertson %A Robino, Antonietta %A Rolandsson, Olov %A Rudan, Igor %A Ruth, Katherine S %A Saleheen, Danish %A Veikko Salomaa %A Nilesh J Samani %A Sapkota, Yadav %A Sattar, Naveed %A Schoen, Robert E %A Schreiner, Pamela J %A Schulze, Matthias B %A Scott, Robert A %A Segura-Lepe, Marcelo P %A Svati H Shah %A Sheu, Wayne H-H %A Sim, Xueling %A Slater, Andrew J %A Small, Kerrin S %A Albert Vernon Smith %A Southam, Lorraine %A Timothy Spector %A Elizabeth K Speliotes %A John M Starr %A Stefansson, Kari %A Steinthorsdottir, Valgerdur %A Kathleen E Stirrups %A Strauch, Konstantin %A Heather M Stringham %A Stumvoll, Michael %A Sun, Liang %A Surendran, Praveen %A Swift, Amy J %A Tada, Hayato %A Tansey, Katherine E %A Tardif, Jean-Claude %A Kent D Taylor %A Teumer, Alexander %A Thompson, Deborah J %A Thorleifsson, Gudmar %A Thorsteinsdottir, Unnur %A Thuesen, Betina H %A Tönjes, Anke %A Tromp, Gerard %A Trompet, Stella %A Tsafantakis, Emmanouil %A Tuomilehto, Jaakko %A Tybjaerg-Hansen, Anne %A Tyrer, Jonathan P %A Uher, Rudolf %A André G Uitterlinden %A Uusitupa, Matti %A Laan, Sander W %A Duijn, Cornelia M %A Leeuwen, Nienke %A van Setten, Jessica %A Vanhala, Mauno %A Varbo, Anette %A Varga, Tibor V %A Varma, Rohit %A Digna R Velez Edwards %A Vermeulen, Sita H %A Veronesi, Giovanni %A Vestergaard, Henrik %A Vitart, Veronique %A Vogt, Thomas F %A Völker, Uwe %A Vuckovic, Dragana %A Wagenknecht, Lynne E %A Walker, Mark %A Wallentin, Lars %A Wang, Feijie %A Wang, Carol A %A Wang, Shuai %A Wang, Yiqin %A Erin B Ware %A Wareham, Nicholas J %A Warren, Helen R %A Dawn M Waterworth %A Wessel, Jennifer %A White, Harvey D %A Willer, Cristen J %A Wilson, James G %A Daniel Witte %A Andrew R Wood %A Wu, Ying %A Yaghootkar, Hanieh %A Yao, Jie %A Yao, Pang %A Laura M Yerges-Armstrong %A Young, Robin %A Zeggini, Eleftheria %A Zhan, Xiaowei %A Zhang, Weihua %A Wei Zhao %A Zhou, Wei %A Krina T Zondervan %A Rotter, Jerome I %A Pospisilik, John A %A Fernando Rivadeneira %A Ingrid B Borecki %A Deloukas, Panos %A Timothy M Frayling %A Lettre, Guillaume %A Kari E North %A Lindgren, Cecilia M %A Joel N Hirschhron %A Ruth J F Loos %X

Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified >250 loci for body mass index (BMI), implicating pathways related to neuronal biology. Most GWAS loci represent clusters of common, noncoding variants from which pinpointing causal genes remains challenging. Here we combined data from 718,734 individuals to discover rare and low-frequency (minor allele frequency (MAF) < 5%) coding variants associated with BMI. We identified 14 coding variants in 13 genes, of which 8 variants were in genes (ZBTB7B, ACHE, RAPGEF3, RAB21, ZFHX3, ENTPD6, ZFR2 and ZNF169) newly implicated in human obesity, 2 variants were in genes (MC4R and KSR2) previously observed to be mutated in extreme obesity and 2 variants were in GIPR. The effect sizes of rare variants are ~10 times larger than those of common variants, with the largest effect observed in carriers of an MC4R mutation introducing a stop codon (p.Tyr35Ter, MAF = 0.01%), who weighed ~7 kg more than non-carriers. Pathway analyses based on the variants associated with BMI confirm enrichment of neuronal genes and provide new evidence for adipocyte and energy expenditure biology, widening the potential of genetically supported therapeutic targets in obesity.

%B Nat Genet %V 50 %P 26-41 %8 2018 Jan %G eng %N 1 %1 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29273807?dopt=Abstract %R 10.1038/s41588-017-0011-x %0 Journal Article %J Biological Psychiatry %D 2017 %T An Analysis of Two Genome-wide Association Meta-analyses Identifies a New Locus for Broad Depression Phenotype. %A Nese Direk %A Williams, Stephanie %A Smith, Jennifer A %A Ripke, Stephan %A Air, Tracy %A Amare, Azmeraw T %A Amin, Najaf %A Baune, Bernhard T %A David A Bennett %A Blackwood, Douglas H R %A Dorret I Boomsma %A Breen, Gerome %A Buttenschøn, Henriette N %A Byrne, Enda M %A Børglum, Anders D %A Castelao, Enrique %A Cichon, Sven %A Clarke, Toni-Kim %A Marilyn C Cornelis %A Dannlowski, Udo %A Philip L de Jager %A Demirkan, Ayse %A Domenici, Enrico %A Cornelia M van Duijn %A Dunn, Erin C %A Johan G Eriksson %A Tõnu Esko %A Jessica Faul %A Luigi Ferrucci %A Myriam Fornage %A Eco J. C. de Geus %A Gill, Michael %A Gordon, Scott D %A Hans-Jörgen Grabe %A van Grootheest, Gerard %A Hamilton, Steven P %A Catharina A Hartman %A Andrew C Heath %A Karin Hek %A Hofman, Albert %A Homuth, Georg %A Horn, Carsten %A Jouke-Jan Hottenga %A Sharon L R Kardia %A Kloiber, Stefan %A Karestan C Koenen %A Kutalik, Zoltán %A Ladwig, Karl-Heinz %A Lahti, Jari %A Douglas F Levinson %A Lewis, Cathryn M %A Lewis, Glyn %A Li, Qingqin S %A David J Llewellyn %A Lucae, Susanne %A Kathryn L Lunetta %A MacIntyre, Donald J %A Pamela A F Madden %A Nicholas G Martin %A McIntosh, Andrew M %A Andres Metspalu %A Milaneschi, Yuri %A Grant W Montgomery %A Mors, Ole %A Thomas H Mosley %A Joanne M Murabito %A Müller-Myhsok, Bertram %A Markus M Nöthen %A Nyholt, Dale R %A O'Donovan, Michael C %A Brenda W J H Penninx %A Pergadia, Michele L %A Perlis, Roy %A Potash, James B %A Preisig, Martin %A Shaun M Purcell %A Quiroz, Jorge A %A Katri Räikkönen %A Rice, John P %A Rietschel, Marcella %A Rivera, Margarita %A Schulze, Thomas G %A Shi, Jianxin %A Shyn, Stanley %A Sinnamon, Grant C %A Johannes H Smit %A Smoller, Jordan W %A Snieder, Harold %A Toshiko Tanaka %A Tansey, Katherine E %A Teumer, Alexander %A Uher, Rudolf %A Umbricht, Daniel %A Van der Auwera, Sandra %A Erin B Ware %A David R Weir %A Weissman, Myrna M %A Gonneke Willemsen %A Yang, Jingyun %A Zhao, Wei %A Henning Tiemeier %A Patrick F. Sullivan %K Acid Anhydride Hydrolases %K depression %K Depressive Disorder %K Genetic Loci %K Genetic Predisposition to Disease %K Genome-Wide Association Study %K Humans %K Neoplasm Proteins %K Phenotype %K Whites %X

BACKGROUND: The genetics of depression has been explored in genome-wide association studies that focused on either major depressive disorder or depressive symptoms with mostly negative findings. A broad depression phenotype including both phenotypes has not been tested previously using a genome-wide association approach. We aimed to identify genetic polymorphisms significantly associated with a broad phenotype from depressive symptoms to major depressive disorder.

METHODS: We analyzed two prior studies of 70,017 participants of European ancestry from general and clinical populations in the discovery stage. We performed a replication meta-analysis of 28,328 participants. Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)-based heritability and genetic correlations were calculated using linkage disequilibrium score regression. Discovery and replication analyses were performed using a p-value-based meta-analysis. Lifetime major depressive disorder and depressive symptom scores were used as the outcome measures.

RESULTS: The SNP-based heritability of major depressive disorder was 0.21 (SE = 0.02), the SNP-based heritability of depressive symptoms was 0.04 (SE = 0.01), and their genetic correlation was 1.001 (SE = 0.2). We found one genome-wide significant locus related to the broad depression phenotype (rs9825823, chromosome 3: 61,082,153, p = 8.2 × 10) located in an intron of the FHIT gene. We replicated this SNP in independent samples (p = .02) and the overall meta-analysis of the discovery and replication cohorts (1.0 × 10).

CONCLUSIONS: This large study identified a new locus for depression. Our results support a continuum between depressive symptoms and major depressive disorder. A phenotypically more inclusive approach may help to achieve the large sample sizes needed to detect susceptibility loci for depression.

%B Biological Psychiatry %V 82 %P 322-329 %G eng %N 5 %R 10.1016/j.biopsych.2016.11.013 %0 Journal Article %J Nature %D 2017 %T Rare and low-frequency coding variants alter human adult height. %A Marouli, Eirini %A Graff, Mariaelisa %A Medina-Gomez, Carolina %A Ken Sin Lo %A Andrew R Wood %A Kjaer, Troels R %A Fine, Rebecca S %A Lu, Yingchang %A Schurmann, Claudia %A Highland, Heather M %A Rüeger, Sina %A Thorleifsson, Gudmar %A Justice, Anne E %A Lamparter, David %A Kathleen E Stirrups %A Turcot, Valérie %A Young, Kristin L %A Thomas W Winkler %A Tõnu Esko %A Karaderi, Tugce %A Locke, Adam E %A Masca, Nicholas G D %A Ng, Maggie C Y %A Mudgal, Poorva %A Rivas, Manuel A %A Vedantam, Sailaja %A Mahajan, Anubha %A Guo, Xiuqing %A Gonçalo R Abecasis %A Aben, Katja K %A Adair, Linda S %A Alam, Dewan S %A Albrecht, Eva %A Allin, Kristine H %A Matthew A. Allison %A Amouyel, Philippe %A Appel, Emil V %A Arveiler, Dominique %A Asselbergs, Folkert W %A Auer, Paul L %A Balkau, Beverley %A Banas, Bernhard %A Bang, Lia E %A Benn, Marianne %A Bergmann, Sven %A Bielak, Lawrence F %A Blüher, Matthias %A Boeing, Heiner %A Boerwinkle, Eric %A Böger, Carsten A %A Bonnycastle, Lori L %A Bork-Jensen, Jette %A Bots, Michiel L %A Erwin P Bottinger %A Bowden, Donald W %A Brandslund, Ivan %A Breen, Gerome %A Brilliant, Murray H %A Broer, Linda %A Burt, Amber A %A Adam S Butterworth %A Carey, David J %A Caulfield, Mark J %A Chambers, John C %A Daniel I Chasman %A Yii-Der I Chen %A Chowdhury, Rajiv %A Cramer Christensen %A Chu, Audrey Y %A Cocca, Massimiliano %A Collins, Francis S %A Cook, James P %A Corley, Janie %A Jordi Corominas Galbany %A Cox, Amanda J %A Cuellar-Partida, Gabriel %A Danesh, John %A Gail Davies %A de Bakker, Paul I W %A de Borst, Gert J %A de Denus, Simon %A de Groot, Mark C H %A de Mutsert, Renée %A Ian J Deary %A George Dedoussis %A Ellen W Demerath %A Anneke I den Hollander %A Joe G Dennis %A Di Angelantonio, Emanuele %A Drenos, Fotios %A Du, Mengmeng %A Dunning, Alison M %A Easton, Douglas F %A Ebeling, Tapani %A Edwards, Todd L %A Ellinor, Patrick T %A Elliott, Paul %A Evangelou, Evangelos %A Farmaki, Aliki-Eleni %A Jessica Faul %A Feitosa, Mary F %A Feng, Shuang %A Ferrannini, Ele %A Marco M Ferrario %A Ferrières, Jean %A Florez, Jose C %A Ford, Ian %A Myriam Fornage %A Franks, Paul W %A Frikke-Schmidt, Ruth %A Galesloot, Tessel E %A Gan, Wei %A Gandin, Ilaria %A Paolo P. Gasparini %A Giedraitis, Vilmantas %A Giri, Ayush %A Giorgia G Girotto %A Gordon, Scott D %A Gordon-Larsen, Penny %A Gorski, Mathias %A Grarup, Niels %A Grove, Megan L %A Gudnason, Vilmundur %A Gustafsson, Stefan %A Hansen, Torben %A Kathleen Mullan Harris %A Tamara B Harris %A Andrew T Hattersley %A Caroline Hayward %A He, Liang %A Iris M Heid %A Heikkilä, Kauko %A Helgeland, Øyvind %A Hernesniemi, Jussi %A Hewitt, Alex W %A Lynne J Hocking %A Hollensted, Mette %A Oddgeir L Holmen %A Hovingh, G Kees %A Howson, Joanna M M %A Hoyng, Carel B %A Huang, Paul L %A Hveem, Kristian %A Mohammed Arfan Ikram %A Ingelsson, Erik %A Jackson, Anne U %A Jansson, Jan-Håkan %A Jarvik, Gail P %A Jensen, Gorm B %A Jhun, Min A %A Jia, Yucheng %A Jiang, Xuejuan %A Johansson, Stefan %A Jørgensen, Marit E %A Jørgensen, Torben %A Jousilahti, Pekka %A Jukema, J Wouter %A Kahali, Bratati %A Kahn, René S %A Kähönen, Mika %A Kamstrup, Pia R %A Kanoni, Stavroula %A Kaprio, Jaakko %A Karaleftheri, Maria %A Sharon L R Kardia %A Karpe, Fredrik %A Kee, Frank %A Keeman, Renske %A Lambertus A Kiemeney %A Kitajima, Hidetoshi %A Kluivers, Kirsten B %A Kocher, Thomas %A Komulainen, Pirjo %A Kontto, Jukka %A Kooner, Jaspal S %A Charles Kooperberg %A Kovacs, Peter %A Kriebel, Jennifer %A Kuivaniemi, Helena %A Küry, Sébastien %A Kuusisto, Johanna %A La Bianca, Martina %A Laakso, Markku %A Lakka, Timo A %A Lange, Ethan M %A Leslie A Lange %A Langefeld, Carl D %A Langenberg, Claudia %A Eric B Larson %A Lee, I-Te %A Lehtimäki, Terho %A Lewis, Cora E %A Li, Huaixing %A Li, Jin %A Li-Gao, Ruifang %A Lin, Honghuang %A Lin, Li-An %A Lin, Xu %A Lars Lind %A Lindström, Jaana %A Linneberg, Allan %A Liu, Yeheng %A Yongmei Liu %A Lophatananon, Artitaya %A Luan, Jian'an %A Lubitz, Steven A %A Lyytikäinen, Leo-Pekka %A Mackey, David A %A Pamela A F Madden %A Alisa Manning %A Männistö, Satu %A Marenne, Gaëlle %A Marten, Jonathan %A Nicholas G Martin %A Mazul, Angela L %A Meidtner, Karina %A Andres Metspalu %A Mitchell, Paul %A Mohlke, Karen L %A Dennis O Mook-Kanamori %A Morgan, Anna %A Morris, Andrew D %A Morris, Andrew P %A Müller-Nurasyid, Martina %A Munroe, Patricia B %A Michael A Nalls %A Nauck, Matthias %A Nelson, Christopher P %A Neville, Matt %A Sune Fallgaard Nielsen %A Nikus, Kjell %A Njølstad, Pål R %A Børge G Nordestgaard %A Ntalla, Ioanna %A Jeff O'Connell %A Oksa, Heikki %A Loes M Olde Loohuis %A Ophoff, Roel A %A Owen, Katharine R %A Packard, Chris J %A Padmanabhan, Sandosh %A Palmer, Colin N A %A Pasterkamp, Gerard %A Patel, Aniruddh P %A Pattie, Alison %A Pedersen, Oluf %A Peissig, Peggy L %A Peloso, Gina M %A Pennell, Craig E %A Markus Perola %A Perry, James A %A Perry, John R B %A Person, Thomas N %A Pirie, Ailith %A Polasek, Ozren %A Posthuma, Danielle %A Olli T Raitakari %A Rasheed, Asif %A Rauramaa, Rainer %A Reilly, Dermot F %A Reiner, Alex P %A Renstrom, Frida %A Ridker, Paul M %A Rioux, John D %A Neil R Robertson %A Robino, Antonietta %A Rolandsson, Olov %A Rudan, Igor %A Ruth, Katherine S %A Saleheen, Danish %A Veikko Salomaa %A Nilesh J Samani %A Sandow, Kevin %A Sapkota, Yadav %A Sattar, Naveed %A Schmidt, Marjanka K %A Schreiner, Pamela J %A Schulze, Matthias B %A Scott, Robert A %A Segura-Lepe, Marcelo P %A Svati H Shah %A Sim, Xueling %A Sivapalaratnam, Suthesh %A Small, Kerrin S %A Albert Vernon Smith %A Jennifer A Smith %A Southam, Lorraine %A Timothy Spector %A Elizabeth K Speliotes %A John M Starr %A Steinthorsdottir, Valgerdur %A Heather M Stringham %A Stumvoll, Michael %A Surendran, Praveen %A 't Hart, Leen M %A Tansey, Katherine E %A Tardif, Jean-Claude %A Kent D Taylor %A Teumer, Alexander %A Thompson, Deborah J %A Thorsteinsdottir, Unnur %A Thuesen, Betina H %A Tönjes, Anke %A Tromp, Gerard %A Trompet, Stella %A Tsafantakis, Emmanouil %A Tuomilehto, Jaakko %A Tybjaerg-Hansen, Anne %A Tyrer, Jonathan P %A Uher, Rudolf %A André G Uitterlinden %A Ulivi, Sheila %A van der Laan, Sander W %A Van Der Leij, Andries R %A Cornelia M van Duijn %A van Schoor, Natasja M %A van Setten, Jessica %A Varbo, Anette %A Varga, Tibor V %A Varma, Rohit %A Digna R Velez Edwards %A Vermeulen, Sita H %A Vestergaard, Henrik %A Vitart, Veronique %A Vogt, Thomas F %A Vozzi, Diego %A Walker, Mark %A Wang, Feijie %A Wang, Carol A %A Wang, Shuai %A Wang, Yiqin %A Wareham, Nicholas J %A Warren, Helen R %A Wessel, Jennifer %A Willems, Sara M %A Wilson, James G %A Daniel Witte %A Woods, Michael O %A Wu, Ying %A Yaghootkar, Hanieh %A Yao, Jie %A Yao, Pang %A Laura M Yerges-Armstrong %A Young, Robin %A Zeggini, Eleftheria %A Zhan, Xiaowei %A Zhang, Weihua %A Jing Hua Zhao %A Wei Zhao %A Wei Zhao %A Zheng, He %A Zhou, Wei %A Rotter, Jerome I %A Boehnke, Michael %A Kathiresan, Sekar %A McCarthy, Mark I %A Willer, Cristen J %A Stefansson, Kari %A Ingrid B Borecki %A Liu, Dajiang J %A Kari E North %A Heard-Costa, Nancy L %A Pers, Tune H %A Lindgren, Cecilia M %A Oxvig, Claus %A Kutalik, Zoltán %A Fernando Rivadeneira %A Ruth J F Loos %A Timothy M Frayling %A Joel N Hirschhron %A Deloukas, Panos %A Lettre, Guillaume %X

Height is a highly heritable, classic polygenic trait with approximately 700 common associated variants identified through genome-wide association studies so far. Here, we report 83 height-associated coding variants with lower minor-allele frequencies (in the range of 0.1-4.8%) and effects of up to 2 centimetres per allele (such as those in IHH, STC2, AR and CRISPLD2), greater than ten times the average effect of common variants. In functional follow-up studies, rare height-increasing alleles of STC2 (giving an increase of 1-2 centimetres per allele) compromised proteolytic inhibition of PAPP-A and increased cleavage of IGFBP-4 in vitro, resulting in higher bioavailability of insulin-like growth factors. These 83 height-associated variants overlap genes that are mutated in monogenic growth disorders and highlight new biological candidates (such as ADAMTS3, IL11RA and NOX4) and pathways (such as proteoglycan and glycosaminoglycan synthesis) involved in growth. Our results demonstrate that sufficiently large sample sizes can uncover rare and low-frequency variants of moderate-to-large effect associated with polygenic human phenotypes, and that these variants implicate relevant genes and pathways.

%B Nature %V 542 %P 186-190 %8 2017 Feb 09 %G eng %N 7640 %1 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28146470?dopt=Abstract %R 10.1038/nature21039 %0 Journal Article %J Journal of the American Society of Nephrology %D 2017 %T SOS2 and ACP1 Loci Identified through Large-Scale Exome Chip Analysis Regulate Kidney Development and Function. %A Li, Man %A Li, Yong %A Weeks, Olivia %A Mijatovic, Vladan %A Teumer, Alexander %A Huffman, Jennifer E %A Tromp, Gerard %A Fuchsberger, Christian %A Gorski, Mathias %A Lyytikäinen, Leo-Pekka %A Nutile, Teresa %A Sedaghat, Sanaz %A Sorice, Rossella %A Tin, Adrienne %A Yang, Qiong %A Ahluwalia, Tarunveer S %A Dan E Arking %A Bihlmeyer, Nathan A %A Böger, Carsten A %A Carroll, Robert J %A Daniel I Chasman %A Marilyn C Cornelis %A Dehghan, Abbas %A Jessica Faul %A Feitosa, Mary F %A Gambaro, Giovanni %A Paolo P. Gasparini %A Giulianini, Franco %A Iris M Heid %A Huang, Jinyan %A Imboden, Medea %A Jackson, Anne U %A Janina Jeff %A Jhun, Min A %A Katz, Ronit %A Kifley, Annette %A Kilpeläinen, Tuomas O %A Kumar, Ashish %A Laakso, Markku %A Li-Gao, Ruifang %A Kurt Lohman %A Lu, Yingchang %A Mägi, Reedik %A Malerba, Giovanni %A Mihailov, Evelin %A Mohlke, Karen L %A Dennis O Mook-Kanamori %A Robino, Antonietta %A Ruderfer, Douglas %A Salvi, Erika %A Schick, Ursula M %A Schulz, Christina-Alexandra %A Smith, Albert V %A Smith, Jennifer A %A Traglia, Michela %A Laura M Yerges-Armstrong %A Zhao, Wei %A Goodarzi, Mark O %A Kraja, Aldi T %A Liu, Chunyu %A Wessel, Jennifer %A Boerwinkle, Eric %A Ingrid B Borecki %A Bork-Jensen, Jette %A Erwin P Bottinger %A Braga, Daniele %A Brandslund, Ivan %A Brody, Jennifer A %A Campbell, Archie %A Carey, David J %A Cramer Christensen %A Coresh, Josef %A Crook, Errol %A Curhan, Gary C %A Cusi, Daniele %A de Boer, Ian H %A de Vries, Aiko P J %A Denny, Joshua C %A Devuyst, Olivier %A Dreisbach, Albert W %A Endlich, Karlhans %A Tõnu Esko %A Franco, Oscar H %A Fulop, Tibor %A Gerhard, Glenn S %A Glümer, Charlotte %A Gottesman, Omri %A Grarup, Niels %A Gudnason, Vilmundur %A Hansen, Torben %A Tamara B Harris %A Caroline Hayward %A Lynne J Hocking %A Hofman, Albert %A Hu, Frank B %A Husemoen, Lise Lotte N %A Jackson, Rebecca D %A Jørgensen, Torben %A Jørgensen, Marit E %A Kähönen, Mika %A Sharon L R Kardia %A König, Wolfgang %A Charles Kooperberg %A Kriebel, Jennifer %A Lenore J Launer %A Lauritzen, Torsten %A Lehtimäki, Terho %A Levy, Daniel %A Linksted, Pamela %A Linneberg, Allan %A Liu, Yongmei %A Ruth J F Loos %A Lupo, Antonio %A Meisinger, Christine %A Melander, Olle %A Andres Metspalu %A Mitchell, Paul %A Nauck, Matthias %A Nürnberg, Peter %A Orho-Melander, Marju %A Parsa, Afshin %A Pedersen, Oluf %A Peters, Annette %A Peters, Ulrike %A Polasek, Ozren %A David J Porteous %A Nicole M Probst-Hensch %A Psaty, Bruce M %A Qi, Lu %A Olli T Raitakari %A Reiner, Alex P %A Rettig, Rainer %A Ridker, Paul M %A Fernando Rivadeneira %A Rossouw, Jacques E %A Schmidt, Frank %A David S Siscovick %A Soranzo, Nicole %A Strauch, Konstantin %A Toniolo, Daniela %A Stephen T Turner %A André G Uitterlinden %A Ulivi, Sheila %A Velayutham, Dinesh %A Völker, Uwe %A Völzke, Henry %A Waldenberger, Melanie %A Wang, Jie Jin %A David R Weir %A Daniel Witte %A Kuivaniemi, Helena %A Caroline S Fox %A Franceschini, Nora %A Goessling, Wolfram %A Köttgen, Anna %A Chu, Audrey Y %K Animals %K Exome %K Genetic Loci %K Genome-Wide Association Study %K Glomerular Filtration Rate %K Humans %K kidney %K Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases %K Proto-Oncogene Proteins %K Son of Sevenless Proteins %K Zebrafish %X

Genome-wide association studies have identified >50 common variants associated with kidney function, but these variants do not fully explain the variation in eGFR. We performed a two-stage meta-analysis of associations between genotypes from the Illumina exome array and eGFR on the basis of serum creatinine (eGFRcrea) among participants of European ancestry from the CKDGen Consortium (: 111,666; : 48,343). In single-variant analyses, we identified single nucleotide polymorphisms at seven new loci associated with eGFRcrea (, , and ; <3.7×10), of which most were common and annotated as nonsynonymous variants. Gene-based analysis identified associations of functional rare variants in three genes with eGFRcrea, including a novel association with the SOS Ras/Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factor 2 gene, (=5.4×10 by sequence kernel association test). Experimental follow-up in zebrafish embryos revealed changes in glomerular gene expression and renal tubule morphology in the embryonic kidney of and -knockdowns. These developmental abnormalities associated with altered blood clearance rate and heightened prevalence of edema. This study expands the number of loci associated with kidney function and identifies novel genes with potential roles in kidney formation.

%B Journal of the American Society of Nephrology %V 28 %P 981-994 %G eng %N 3 %R 10.1681/ASN.2016020131 %0 Journal Article %J Nat Commun %D 2016 %T Genetic associations at 53 loci highlight cell types and biological pathways relevant for kidney function. %A Pattaro, Cristian %A Teumer, Alexander %A Gorski, Mathias %A Chu, Audrey Y %A Li, Man %A Mijatovic, Vladan %A Garnaas, Maija %A Tin, Adrienne %A Sorice, Rossella %A Yong Li %A Taliun, Daniel %A Olden, Matthias %A Foster, Meredith %A Qiong Yang %A Chen, Ming-Huei %A Pers, Tune H %A Andrew D Johnson %A Ko, Yi-An %A Fuchsberger, Christian %A Bamidele O Tayo %A Michael A Nalls %A Feitosa, Mary F %A Isaacs, Aaron %A Dehghan, Abbas %A d'Adamo, Pio %A Adebawole Adeyemo %A Dieffenbach, Aida Karina %A Alan B Zonderman %A Ilja M Nolte %A van der Most, Peter J %A Alan F Wright %A Alan R Shuldiner %A Alanna C Morrison %A Hofman, Albert %A Albert Vernon Smith %A Dreisbach, Albert W %A Franke, Andre %A André G Uitterlinden %A Andres Metspalu %A Tönjes, Anke %A Lupo, Antonio %A Robino, Antonietta %A Johansson, Åsa %A Demirkan, Ayse %A Kollerits, Barbara %A Freedman, Barry I %A Ponte, Belen %A Ben A Oostra %A Paulweber, Bernhard %A Krämer, Bernhard K %A Mitchell, Braxton D %A Buckley, Brendan M %A Peralta, Carmen A %A Caroline Hayward %A Helmer, Catherine %A Charles N Rotimi %A Shaffer, Christian M %A Müller, Christian %A Cinzia Felicita Sala %A Cornelia M van Duijn %A Saint-Pierre, Aude %A Daniel Ackermann %A Daniel Shriner %A Ruggiero, Daniela %A Toniolo, Daniela %A Lu, Yingchang %A Cusi, Daniele %A Czamara, Darina %A Ellinghaus, David %A David S Siscovick %A Ruderfer, Douglas %A Gieger, Christian %A Grallert, Harald %A Rochtchina, Elena %A Atkinson, Elizabeth J %A Holliday, Elizabeth G %A Boerwinkle, Eric %A Salvi, Erika %A Erwin P Bottinger %A Murgia, Federico %A Fernando Rivadeneira %A Ernst, Florian %A Kronenberg, Florian %A Hu, Frank B %A Navis, Gerjan J %A Curhan, Gary C %A Georg B Ehret %A Homuth, Georg %A Coassin, Stefan %A Thun, Gian-Andri %A Pistis, Giorgio %A Gambaro, Giovanni %A Malerba, Giovanni %A Grant W Montgomery %A Guðny Eiríksdóttir %A Jacobs, Gunnar %A Guo Li %A Wichmann, H-Erich %A Campbell, Harry %A Schmidt, Helena %A Wallaschofski, Henri %A Völzke, Henry %A Brenner, Hermann %A Kroemer, Heyo K %A Kramer, Holly %A Lin, Honghuang %A Irene Mateo Leach %A Ford, Ian %A Guessous, Idris %A Rudan, Igor %A Prokopenko, Inga %A Ingrid B Borecki %A Iris M Heid %A Kolcic, Ivana %A Persico, Ivana %A Jukema, J Wouter %A James F Wilson %A Felix, Janine F %A Divers, Jasmin %A Lambert, Jean-Charles %A Stafford, Jeanette M %A Gaspoz, Jean-Michel %A Jennifer A Smith %A Jessica Faul %A Wang, Jie Jin %A Ding, Jingzhong %A Joel N Hirschhron %A John R. Attia %A Whitfield, John B %A Chalmers, John %A Viikari, Jorma %A Coresh, Josef %A Denny, Joshua C %A Karjalainen, Juha %A Fernandes, Jyotika K %A Endlich, Karlhans %A Butterbach, Katja %A Keene, Keith L %A Kurt Lohman %A Portas, Laura %A Lenore J Launer %A Lyytikäinen, Leo-Pekka %A Yengo, Loic %A Lude L Franke %A Luigi Ferrucci %A Rose, Lynda M %A Kedenko, Lyudmyla %A Rao, Madhumathi %A Struchalin, Maksim %A Kleber, Marcus E %A Cavalieri, Margherita %A Haun, Margot %A Marilyn C Cornelis %A Ciullo, Marina %A Pirastu, Mario %A de Andrade, Mariza %A McEvoy, Mark A %A Woodward, Mark %A Adam, Martin %A Cocca, Massimiliano %A Nauck, Matthias %A Imboden, Medea %A Waldenberger, Melanie %A Pruijm, Menno %A Metzger, Marie %A Stumvoll, Michael %A Michele K Evans %A Sale, Michele M %A Kähönen, Mika %A Boban, Mladen %A Bochud, Murielle %A Rheinberger, Myriam %A Verweij, Niek %A Bouatia-Naji, Nabila %A Nicholas G Martin %A Nicholas D Hastie %A Nicole M Probst-Hensch %A Soranzo, Nicole %A Devuyst, Olivier %A Olli T Raitakari %A Gottesman, Omri %A Franco, Oscar H %A Polasek, Ozren %A Paolo P. Gasparini %A Munroe, Patricia B %A Ridker, Paul M %A Mitchell, Paul %A Muntner, Paul %A Meisinger, Christa %A Johannes H Smit %A Kovacs, Peter %A Wild, Philipp S %A Froguel, Philippe %A Rettig, Rainer %A Mägi, Reedik %A Biffar, Reiner %A Schmidt, Reinhold %A Middelberg, Rita P S %A Carroll, Robert J %A Brenda W J H Penninx %A Rodney J Scott %A Katz, Ronit %A Sedaghat, Sanaz %A Sarah Wild %A Sharon L R Kardia %A Ulivi, Sheila %A Hwang, Shih-Jen %A Enroth, Stefan %A Kloiber, Stefan %A Trompet, Stella %A Stengel, Benedicte %A Hancock, Stephen J %A Stephen T Turner %A Rosas, Sylvia E %A Stracke, Sylvia %A Tamara B Harris %A Zeller, Tanja %A Zemunik, Tatijana %A Lehtimäki, Terho %A Illig, Thomas %A Aspelund, Thor %A Nikopensius, Tiit %A Tõnu Esko %A Toshiko Tanaka %A Gyllensten, Ulf %A Völker, Uwe %A Emilsson, Valur %A Vitart, Veronique %A Aalto, Ville %A Gudnason, Vilmundur %A Chouraki, Vincent %A Chen, Wei-Min %A Igl, Wilmar %A März, Winfried %A Koenig, Wolfgang %A Lieb, Wolfgang %A Ruth J F Loos %A Yongmei Liu %A Snieder, Harold %A Pramstaller, Peter P %A Parsa, Afshin %A Jeff O'Connell %A Susztak, Katalin %A Hamet, Pavel %A Tremblay, Johanne %A de Boer, Ian H %A Böger, Carsten A %A Goessling, Wolfram %A Daniel I Chasman %A Köttgen, Anna %A Kao, W H Linda %A Caroline S Fox %K Chronic disease %K Genome-Wide Association Study %K Genotype %K Humans %X

Reduced glomerular filtration rate defines chronic kidney disease and is associated with cardiovascular and all-cause mortality. We conducted a meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies for estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), combining data across 133,413 individuals with replication in up to 42,166 individuals. We identify 24 new and confirm 29 previously identified loci. Of these 53 loci, 19 associate with eGFR among individuals with diabetes. Using bioinformatics, we show that identified genes at eGFR loci are enriched for expression in kidney tissues and in pathways relevant for kidney development and transmembrane transporter activity, kidney structure, and regulation of glucose metabolism. Chromatin state mapping and DNase I hypersensitivity analyses across adult tissues demonstrate preferential mapping of associated variants to regulatory regions in kidney but not extra-renal tissues. These findings suggest that genetic determinants of eGFR are mediated largely through direct effects within the kidney and highlight important cell types and biological pathways.

%B Nat Commun %V 7 %P 10023 %8 2016 Jan 21 %G eng %1 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26831199?dopt=Abstract %R 10.1038/ncomms10023 %0 Journal Article %J Nature %D 2016 %T Genome-wide association study identifies 74 loci associated with educational attainment. %A Okbay, Aysu %A Jonathan P. Beauchamp %A Mark Alan Fontana %A Lee, James J %A Pers, Tune H %A Cornelius A Rietveld %A Turley, Patrick %A Chen, Guo-Bo %A Emilsson, Valur %A Meddens, S Fleur W %A Oskarsson, Sven %A Pickrell, Joseph K %A Thom, Kevin %A Pascal N Timshel %A de Vlaming, Ronald %A Abdel Abdellaoui %A Ahluwalia, Tarunveer S %A Bacelis, Jonas %A Baumbach, Clemens %A Bjornsdottir, Gyda %A Brandsma, Johannes H %A Maria Pina Concas %A Derringer, Jaime %A Furlotte, Nicholas A %A Galesloot, Tessel E %A Giorgia G Girotto %A Gupta, Richa %A Hall, Leanne M %A Sarah E Harris %A Edith Hofer %A Horikoshi, Momoko %A Huffman, Jennifer E %A Kaasik, Kadri %A Ioanna Panagiota Kalafati %A Karlsson, Robert %A Kong, Augustine %A Lahti, Jari %A Sven J van der Lee %A Christiaan de Leeuw %A Penelope A Lind %A Lindgren, Karl-Oskar %A Tian Liu %A Mangino, Massimo %A Marten, Jonathan %A Mihailov, Evelin %A Michael B Miller %A van der Most, Peter J %A Christopher J Oldmeadow %A Payton, Antony %A Pervjakova, Natalia %A Wouter J Peyrot %A Qian, Yong %A Olli T Raitakari %A Rueedi, Rico %A Salvi, Erika %A Schmidt, Börge %A Schraut, Katharina E %A Jianxin Shi %A Albert Vernon Smith %A Poot, Raymond A %A St Pourcain, Beate %A Teumer, Alexander %A Thorleifsson, Gudmar %A Verweij, Niek %A Vuckovic, Dragana %A Jürgen Wellmann %A Westra, Harm-Jan %A Yang, Jingyun %A Wei Zhao %A Zhihong Zhu %A Alizadeh, Behrooz Z %A Amin, Najaf %A Bakshi, Andrew %A Baumeister, Sebastian E %A Biino, Ginevra %A Bønnelykke, Klaus %A Patricia A. Boyle %A Campbell, Harry %A Cappuccio, Francesco P %A Gail Davies %A De Neve, Jan-Emmanuel %A Deloukas, Panos %A Demuth, Ilja %A Ding, Jun %A Eibich, Peter %A Eisele, Lewin %A Eklund, Niina %A Jessica Faul %A Feitosa, Mary F %A Andreas J Forstner %A Gandin, Ilaria %A Gunnarsson, Bjarni %A Halldórsson, Bjarni V %A Tamara B Harris %A Andrew C Heath %A Lynne J Hocking %A Holliday, Elizabeth G %A Homuth, Georg %A Horan, Michael A %A Jouke-Jan Hottenga %A Philip L de Jager %A Joshi, Peter K %A Jugessur, Astanand %A Marika A Kaakinen %A Kähönen, Mika %A Kanoni, Stavroula %A Keltigangas-Järvinen, Liisa %A Lambertus A Kiemeney %A Kolcic, Ivana %A Koskinen, Seppo %A Kraja, Aldi T %A Kroh, Martin %A Kutalik, Zoltán %A Latvala, Antti %A Lenore J Launer %A Lebreton, Maël P %A Douglas F Levinson %A Paul Lichtenstein %A Lichtner, Peter %A David C Liewald %A Loukola, Anu %A Pamela A F Madden %A Mägi, Reedik %A Mäki-Opas, Tomi %A Riccardo E Marioni %A Marques-Vidal, Pedro %A Meddens, Gerardus A %A McMahon, George %A Meisinger, Christa %A Meitinger, Thomas %A Milaneschi, Yusplitri %A Lili Milani %A Grant W Montgomery %A Myhre, Ronny %A Nelson, Christopher P %A Nyholt, Dale R %A William E R Ollier %A Aarno Palotie %A Paternoster, Lavinia %A Nancy L Pedersen %A Katja E Petrovic %A David J Porteous %A Katri Räikkönen %A Ring, Susan M %A Robino, Antonietta %A Rostapshova, Olga %A Rudan, Igor %A Rustichini, Aldo %A Veikko Salomaa %A Sanders, Alan R %A Sarin, Antti-Pekka %A Schmidt, Helena %A Rodney J Scott %A Smith, Blair H %A Jennifer A Smith %A Staessen, Jan A %A Steinhagen-Thiessen, Elisabeth %A Strauch, Konstantin %A Antonio Terracciano %A Tobin, Martin D %A Ulivi, Sheila %A Vaccargiu, Simona %A Quaye, Lydia %A van Rooij, Frank J A %A Venturini, Cristina %A Anna A E Vinkhuyzen %A Völker, Uwe %A Völzke, Henry %A Vonk, Judith M %A Vozzi, Diego %A Waage, Johannes %A Erin B Ware %A Gonneke Willemsen %A John R. Attia %A David A Bennett %A Klaus Berger %A Bertram, Lars %A Bisgaard, Hans %A Dorret I Boomsma %A Ingrid B Borecki %A Bültmann, Ute %A Chabris, Christopher F %A Francesco Cucca %A Cusi, Daniele %A Ian J Deary %A George Dedoussis %A Cornelia M van Duijn %A Johan G Eriksson %A Franke, Barbara %A Lude L Franke %A Paolo P. Gasparini %A Gejman, Pablo V %A Gieger, Christian %A Hans-Jörgen Grabe %A Gratten, Jacob %A Groenen, Patrick J F %A Gudnason, Vilmundur %A van der Harst, Pim %A Caroline Hayward %A Hinds, David A %A Hoffmann, Wolfgang %A Hyppönen, Elina %A Iacono, William G %A Jacobsson, Bo %A Järvelin, Marjo-Riitta %A Jöckel, Karl-Heinz %A Kaprio, Jaakko %A Sharon L R Kardia %A Lehtimäki, Terho %A Lehrer, Steven F %A Patrik K E Magnusson %A Nicholas G Martin %A McGue, Matt %A Andres Metspalu %A Pendleton, Neil %A Brenda W J H Penninx %A Markus Perola %A Nicola Pirastu %A Pirastu, Mario %A Polasek, Ozren %A Posthuma, Danielle %A Power, Christine %A Province, Michael A %A Nilesh J Samani %A Schlessinger, David %A Schmidt, Reinhold %A Thorkild I. A. Sørensen %A Timothy Spector %A Stefansson, Kari %A Thorsteinsdottir, Unnur %A A. Roy Thurik %A Nicholas J Timpson %A Henning Tiemeier %A Tung, Joyce Y %A André G Uitterlinden %A Vitart, Veronique %A Vollenweider, Peter %A David R Weir %A James F Wilson %A Alan F Wright %A Dalton C Conley %A Krueger, Robert F %A George Davey Smith %A Hofman, Albert %A David I Laibson %A Sarah E Medland %A Meyer, Michelle N %A Yang, Jian %A Johannesson, Magnus %A Peter M Visscher %A Tõnu Esko %A Philipp D Koellinger %A Cesarini, David %A Daniel J. Benjamin %K Alzheimer's disease %K Bipolar Disorder %K Cognitive Ability %K Education %K Fetus %K Genome-Wide Association Study %K Humans %K Molecular Sequence Annotation %K Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide %K Schizophrenia %K United Kingdom %X

Educational attainment is strongly influenced by social and other environmental factors, but genetic factors are estimated to account for at least 20% of the variation across individuals. Here we report the results of a genome-wide association study (GWAS) for educational attainment that extends our earlier discovery sample of 101,069 individuals to 293,723 individuals, and a replication study in an independent sample of 111,349 individuals from the UK Biobank. We identify 74 genome-wide significant loci associated with the number of years of schooling completed. Single-nucleotide polymorphisms associated with educational attainment are disproportionately found in genomic regions regulating gene expression in the fetal brain. Candidate genes are preferentially expressed in neural tissue, especially during the prenatal period, and enriched for biological pathways involved in neural development. Our findings demonstrate that, even for a behavioural phenotype that is mostly environmentally determined, a well-powered GWAS identifies replicable associated genetic variants that suggest biologically relevant pathways. Because educational attainment is measured in large numbers of individuals, it will continue to be useful as a proxy phenotype in efforts to characterize the genetic influences of related phenotypes, including cognition and neuropsychiatric diseases.

%B Nature %V 533 %P 539-42 %8 2016 05 26 %G eng %N 7604 %1 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27225129?dopt=Abstract %R 10.1038/nature17671 %0 Journal Article %J Aging Cell %D 2016 %T GWAS analysis of handgrip and lower body strength in older adults in the CHARGE consortium. %A Amy M Matteini %A Toshiko Tanaka %A Karasik, David %A Atzmon, Gil %A Chou, Wen-Chi %A John D Eicher %A Andrew D Johnson %A Alice M. Arnold %A Michele L Callisaya %A Gail Davies %A Daniel S Evans %A Holtfreter, Birte %A Kurt Lohman %A Kathryn L Lunetta %A Mangino, Massimo %A Albert Vernon Smith %A Jennifer A Smith %A Teumer, Alexander %A Lei Yu %A Dan E Arking %A Aron S Buchman %A Chibinik, Lori B %A Philip L de Jager %A Jessica Faul %A Melissa E Garcia %A Gillham-Nasenya, Irina %A Gudnason, Vilmundur %A Hofman, Albert %A Hsu, Yi-Hsiang %A Ittermann, Till %A Lahousse, Lies %A David C Liewald %A Yongmei Liu %A Lopez, Lorna %A Fernando Rivadeneira %A Rotter, Jerome I %A Siggeirsdottir, Kristin %A John M Starr %A Thomson, Russell %A Tranah, Gregory J %A André G Uitterlinden %A Völker, Uwe %A Völzke, Henry %A David R Weir %A Kristine Yaffe %A Wei Zhao %A Wei Vivian Zhuang %A Zmuda, Joseph M %A David A Bennett %A Steven R Cummings %A Ian J Deary %A Luigi Ferrucci %A Tamara B Harris %A Sharon L R Kardia %A Kocher, Thomas %A Stephen B Kritchevsky %A Psaty, Bruce M %A Seshadri, Sudha %A Timothy Spector %A Velandai K Srikanth %A Beverly G Windham %A Zillikens, M Carola %A Anne B Newman %A Jeremy D Walston %A Douglas P Kiel %A Joanne M Murabito %K Adult %K Aged %K Chromatin Immunoprecipitation %K Cohort Studies %K Epigenesis, Genetic %K Genome-Wide Association Study %K Hand Strength %K Humans %K Molecular Sequence Annotation %K Muscle Strength %K Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide %K Quantitative Trait Loci %K Reproducibility of Results %X

Decline in muscle strength with aging is an important predictor of health trajectory in the elderly. Several factors, including genetics, are proposed contributors to variability in muscle strength. To identify genetic contributors to muscle strength, a meta-analysis of genomewide association studies of handgrip was conducted. Grip strength was measured using a handheld dynamometer in 27 581 individuals of European descent over 65 years of age from 14 cohort studies. Genomewide association analysis was conducted on ~2.7 million imputed and genotyped variants (SNPs). Replication of the most significant findings was conducted using data from 6393 individuals from three cohorts. GWAS of lower body strength was also characterized in a subset of cohorts. Two genomewide significant (P-value< 5 × 10(-8) ) and 39 suggestive (P-value< 5 × 10(-5) ) associations were observed from meta-analysis of the discovery cohorts. After meta-analysis with replication cohorts, genomewide significant association was observed for rs752045 on chromosome 8 (β = 0.47, SE = 0.08, P-value = 5.20 × 10(-10) ). This SNP is mapped to an intergenic region and is located within an accessible chromatin region (DNase hypersensitivity site) in skeletal muscle myotubes differentiated from the human skeletal muscle myoblasts cell line. This locus alters a binding motif of the CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein-β (CEBPB) that is implicated in muscle repair mechanisms. GWAS of lower body strength did not yield significant results. A common genetic variant in a chromosomal region that regulates myotube differentiation and muscle repair may contribute to variability in grip strength in the elderly. Further studies are needed to uncover the mechanisms that link this genetic variant with muscle strength.

%B Aging Cell %V 15 %P 792-800 %8 2016 10 %G eng %N 5 %1 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27325353?dopt=Abstract %R 10.1111/acel.12468 %0 Journal Article %J Nature %D 2015 %T Directional dominance on stature and cognition in diverse human populations. %A Joshi, Peter K %A Tõnu Esko %A Mattsson, Hannele %A Eklund, Niina %A Gandin, Ilaria %A Nutile, Teresa %A Jackson, Anne U %A Schurmann, Claudia %A Albert Vernon Smith %A Zhang, Weihua %A Okada, Yukinori %A Stančáková, Alena %A Jessica Faul %A Wei Zhao %A Traci M Bartz %A Maria Pina Concas %A Franceschini, Nora %A Enroth, Stefan %A Vitart, Veronique %A Trompet, Stella %A Guo, Xiuqing %A Daniel I Chasman %A Jeff O'Connell %A Corre, Tanguy %A Nongmaithem, Suraj S %A Chen, Yuning %A Mangino, Massimo %A Ruggiero, Daniela %A Traglia, Michela %A Farmaki, Aliki-Eleni %A Kacprowski, Tim %A Bjonnes, Andrew %A van der Spek, Ashley %A Wu, Ying %A Giri, Anil K %A Yanek, Lisa R %A Wang, Lihua %A Edith Hofer %A Cornelius A Rietveld %A McLeod, Olga %A Marilyn C Cornelis %A Pattaro, Cristian %A Verweij, Niek %A Baumbach, Clemens %A Abdel Abdellaoui %A Warren, Helen R %A Vuckovic, Dragana %A Mei, Hao %A Bouchard, Claude %A Perry, John R B %A Cappellani, Stefania %A Saira S Mirza %A Benton, Miles C %A Broeckel, Ulrich %A Sarah E Medland %A Penelope A Lind %A Malerba, Giovanni %A Alexander W Drong %A Yengo, Loic %A Bielak, Lawrence F %A Zhi, Degui %A van der Most, Peter J %A Daniel Shriner %A Mägi, Reedik %A Hemani, Gibran %A Karaderi, Tugce %A Wang, Zhaoming %A Tian Liu %A Demuth, Ilja %A Jing Hua Zhao %A Meng, Weihua %A Lataniotis, Lazaros %A van der Laan, Sander W %A Bradfield, Jonathan P %A Andrew R Wood %A Bonnefond, Amelie %A Ahluwalia, Tarunveer S %A Hall, Leanne M %A Salvi, Erika %A Yazar, Seyhan %A Carstensen, Lisbeth %A de Haan, Hugoline G %A Abney, Mark %A Afzal, Uzma %A Matthew A. Allison %A Amin, Najaf %A Asselbergs, Folkert W %A Bakker, Stephan J L %A Barr, R Graham %A Baumeister, Sebastian E %A Daniel J. Benjamin %A Bergmann, Sven %A Boerwinkle, Eric %A Erwin P Bottinger %A Campbell, Archie %A Chakravarti, Aravinda %A Chan, Yingleong %A Chanock, Stephen J %A Chen, Constance %A Yii-Der I Chen %A Collins, Francis S %A Connell, John %A Correa, Adolfo %A Cupples, L Adrienne %A Gail Davies %A Dörr, Marcus %A Georg B Ehret %A Ellis, Stephen B %A Feenstra, Bjarke %A Feitosa, Mary F %A Ford, Ian %A Caroline S Fox %A Timothy M Frayling %A Friedrich, Nele %A Geller, Frank %A Scotland, Generation %A Gillham-Nasenya, Irina %A Gottesman, Omri %A Graff, Misa %A Grodstein, Francine %A Gu, Charles %A Haley, Chris %A Hammond, Christopher J %A Sarah E Harris %A Tamara B Harris %A Nicholas D Hastie %A Heard-Costa, Nancy L %A Heikkilä, Kauko %A Lynne J Hocking %A Homuth, Georg %A Jouke-Jan Hottenga %A Huang, Jinyan %A Huffman, Jennifer E %A Hysi, Pirro G %A Mohammed Arfan Ikram %A Ingelsson, Erik %A Joensuu, Anni %A Johansson, Åsa %A Jousilahti, Pekka %A Jukema, J Wouter %A Kähönen, Mika %A Kamatani, Yoichiro %A Kanoni, Stavroula %A Kerr, Shona M %A Khan, Nazir M %A Philipp D Koellinger %A Koistinen, Heikki A %A Kooner, Manraj K %A Kubo, Michiaki %A Kuusisto, Johanna %A Lahti, Jari %A Lenore J Launer %A Lea, Rodney A %A Lehne, Benjamin %A Lehtimäki, Terho %A David C Liewald %A Lars Lind %A Loh, Marie %A Lokki, Marja-Liisa %A London, Stephanie J %A Loomis, Stephanie J %A Loukola, Anu %A Lu, Yingchang %A Lumley, Thomas %A Lundqvist, Annamari %A Männistö, Satu %A Marques-Vidal, Pedro %A Masciullo, Corrado %A Matchan, Angela %A Mathias, Rasika A %A Matsuda, Koichi %A Meigs, James B %A Meisinger, Christa %A Meitinger, Thomas %A Menni, Cristina %A Mentch, Frank D %A Mihailov, Evelin %A Lili Milani %A Montasser, May E %A Grant W Montgomery %A Alanna C Morrison %A Myers, Richard H %A Nadukuru, Rajiv %A Navarro, Pau %A Nelis, Mari %A Nieminen, Markku S %A Ilja M Nolte %A O'Connor, George T %A Ogunniyi, Adesola %A Padmanabhan, Sandosh %A Walter R Palmas %A Pankow, James S %A Patarcic, Inga %A Pavani, Francesca %A Peyser, Patricia A %A Pietilainen, Kirsi %A Neil Poulter %A Prokopenko, Inga %A Ralhan, Sarju %A Redmond, Paul %A Rich, Stephen S %A Rissanen, Harri %A Robino, Antonietta %A Rose, Lynda M %A Rose, Richard %A Cinzia Felicita Sala %A Babatunde Salako %A Veikko Salomaa %A Sarin, Antti-Pekka %A Saxena, Richa %A Schmidt, Helena %A Scott, Laura J %A Scott, William R %A Sennblad, Bengt %A Seshadri, Sudha %A Peter Sever %A Shrestha, Smeeta %A Smith, Blair H %A Jennifer A Smith %A Soranzo, Nicole %A Sotoodehnia, Nona %A Southam, Lorraine %A Stanton, Alice V %A Stathopoulou, Maria G %A Strauch, Konstantin %A Strawbridge, Rona J %A Suderman, Matthew J %A Tandon, Nikhil %A Tang, Sian-Tsun %A Kent D Taylor %A Bamidele O Tayo %A Töglhofer, Anna Maria %A Tomaszewski, Maciej %A Tšernikova, Natalia %A Tuomilehto, Jaakko %A André G Uitterlinden %A Vaidya, Dhananjay %A van Hylckama Vlieg, Astrid %A van Setten, Jessica %A Vasankari, Tuula %A Vedantam, Sailaja %A Vlachopoulou, Efthymia %A Vozzi, Diego %A Vuoksimaa, Eero %A Waldenberger, Melanie %A Erin B Ware %A Wentworth-Shields, William %A Whitfield, John B %A Sarah Wild %A Gonneke Willemsen %A Yajnik, Chittaranjan S %A Yao, Jie %A Zaza, Gianluigi %A Zhu, Xiaofeng %A Salem, Rany M %A Melbye, Mads %A Bisgaard, Hans %A Nilesh J Samani %A Cusi, Daniele %A Mackey, David A %A Cooper, Richard S %A Froguel, Philippe %A Pasterkamp, Gerard %A Grant, Struan F A %A Hakonarson, Hakon %A Luigi Ferrucci %A Scott, Robert A %A Morris, Andrew D %A Palmer, Colin N A %A George Dedoussis %A Deloukas, Panos %A Bertram, Lars %A Lindenberger, Ulman %A Berndt, Sonja I %A Lindgren, Cecilia M %A Nicholas J Timpson %A Tönjes, Anke %A Munroe, Patricia B %A Thorkild I. A. Sørensen %A Charles N Rotimi %A Donna K Arnett %A Oldehinkel, Albertine J %A Sharon L R Kardia %A Balkau, Beverley %A Gambaro, Giovanni %A Morris, Andrew P %A Johan G Eriksson %A Margaret J Wright %A Nicholas G Martin %A Hunt, Steven C %A John M Starr %A Ian J Deary %A Griffiths, Lyn R %A Henning Tiemeier %A Nicola Pirastu %A Kaprio, Jaakko %A Wareham, Nicholas J %A Pérusse, Louis %A Wilson, James G %A Giorgia G Girotto %A Caulfield, Mark J %A Olli T Raitakari %A Dorret I Boomsma %A Gieger, Christian %A van der Harst, Pim %A Hicks, Andrew A %A Kraft, Peter %A Sinisalo, Juha %A Knekt, Paul %A Johannesson, Magnus %A Patrik K E Magnusson %A Hamsten, Anders %A Schmidt, Reinhold %A Ingrid B Borecki %A Vartiainen, Erkki %A Becker, Diane M %A Bharadwaj, Dwaipayan %A Mohlke, Karen L %A Boehnke, Michael %A Cornelia M van Duijn %A Sanghera, Dharambir K %A Teumer, Alexander %A Zeggini, Eleftheria %A Andres Metspalu %A Paolo P. Gasparini %A Ulivi, Sheila %A Ober, Carole %A Toniolo, Daniela %A Rudan, Igor %A David J Porteous %A Ciullo, Marina %A Timothy Spector %A Caroline Hayward %A Dupuis, Josée %A Ruth J F Loos %A Alan F Wright %A Chandak, Giriraj R %A Vollenweider, Peter %A Alan R Shuldiner %A Ridker, Paul M %A Rotter, Jerome I %A Sattar, Naveed %A Gyllensten, Ulf %A Kari E North %A Pirastu, Mario %A Psaty, Bruce M %A David R Weir %A Laakso, Markku %A Gudnason, Vilmundur %A Takahashi, Atsushi %A Chambers, John C %A Kooner, Jaspal S %A David P Strachan %A Campbell, Harry %A Joel N Hirschhron %A Markus Perola %A Polasek, Ozren %A James F Wilson %K Biological Evolution %K Blood pressure %K Body Height %K Cholesterol %K Cognitive Ability %K Cohort Studies %K Education %K Female %K Forced Expiratory Volume %K Genome %K Homozygote %K Humans %K Lung Volume Measurements %K Male %K Phenotype %X

Homozygosity has long been associated with rare, often devastating, Mendelian disorders, and Darwin was one of the first to recognize that inbreeding reduces evolutionary fitness. However, the effect of the more distant parental relatedness that is common in modern human populations is less well understood. Genomic data now allow us to investigate the effects of homozygosity on traits of public health importance by observing contiguous homozygous segments (runs of homozygosity), which are inferred to be homozygous along their complete length. Given the low levels of genome-wide homozygosity prevalent in most human populations, information is required on very large numbers of people to provide sufficient power. Here we use runs of homozygosity to study 16 health-related quantitative traits in 354,224 individuals from 102 cohorts, and find statistically significant associations between summed runs of homozygosity and four complex traits: height, forced expiratory lung volume in one second, general cognitive ability and educational attainment (P < 1 × 10(-300), 2.1 × 10(-6), 2.5 × 10(-10) and 1.8 × 10(-10), respectively). In each case, increased homozygosity was associated with decreased trait value, equivalent to the offspring of first cousins being 1.2 cm shorter and having 10 months' less education. Similar effect sizes were found across four continental groups and populations with different degrees of genome-wide homozygosity, providing evidence that homozygosity, rather than confounding, directly contributes to phenotypic variance. Contrary to earlier reports in substantially smaller samples, no evidence was seen of an influence of genome-wide homozygosity on blood pressure and low density lipoprotein cholesterol, or ten other cardio-metabolic traits. Since directional dominance is predicted for traits under directional evolutionary selection, this study provides evidence that increased stature and cognitive function have been positively selected in human evolution, whereas many important risk factors for late-onset complex diseases may not have been.

%B Nature %V 523 %P 459-62 %8 2015 Jul 23 %G eng %N 7561 %1 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26131930?dopt=Abstract %R 10.1038/nature14618 %0 Journal Article %J Nature %D 2015 %T Genetic studies of body mass index yield new insights for obesity biology. %A Locke, Adam E %A Kahali, Bratati %A Berndt, Sonja I %A Justice, Anne E %A Pers, Tune H %A Day, Felix R %A Powell, Corey %A Vedantam, Sailaja %A Buchkovich, Martin L %A Yang, Jian %A Croteau-Chonka, Damien C %A Tõnu Esko %A Fall, Tove %A Ferreira, Teresa %A Gustafsson, Stefan %A Kutalik, Zoltán %A Luan, Jian'an %A Mägi, Reedik %A Randall, Joshua C %A Thomas W Winkler %A Andrew R Wood %A Workalemahu, Tsegaselassie %A Jessica Faul %A Jennifer A Smith %A Jing Hua Zhao %A Wei Zhao %A Chen, Jin %A Rudolf Ferhmann %A Hedman, Åsa K %A Karjalainen, Juha %A Schmidt, Ellen M %A Absher, Devin %A Amin, Najaf %A Anderson, Denise %A Beekman, Marian %A Bolton, Jennifer L %A Bragg-Gresham, Jennifer L %A Buyske, Steven %A Demirkan, Ayse %A Deng, Guohong %A Georg B Ehret %A Feenstra, Bjarke %A Feitosa, Mary F %A Fischer, Krista %A Goel, Anuj %A Gong, Jian %A Jackson, Anne U %A Kanoni, Stavroula %A Kleber, Marcus E %A Kristiansson, Kati %A Lim, Unhee %A Lotay, Vaneet %A Mangino, Massimo %A Irene Mateo Leach %A Medina-Gomez, Carolina %A Sarah E Medland %A Michael A Nalls %A Palmer, Cameron D %A Pasko, Dorota %A Pechlivanis, Sonali %A Peters, Marjolein J %A Prokopenko, Inga %A Shungin, Dmitry %A Stančáková, Alena %A Strawbridge, Rona J %A Yun Ju Sung %A Toshiko Tanaka %A Teumer, Alexander %A Trompet, Stella %A van der Laan, Sander W %A van Setten, Jessica %A Jana V. van Vliet-Ostaptchouk %A Wang, Zhaoming %A Yengo, Loic %A Zhang, Weihua %A Isaacs, Aaron %A Albrecht, Eva %A Ärnlöv, Johan %A Arscott, Gillian M %A Attwood, Antony P %A Bandinelli, Stefania %A Barrett, Amy %A Bas, Isabelita N %A Bellis, Claire %A Bennett, Amanda J %A Berne, Christian %A Blagieva, Roza %A Blüher, Matthias %A Böhringer, Stefan %A Bonnycastle, Lori L %A Böttcher, Yvonne %A Boyd, Heather A %A Bruinenberg, Marcel %A Caspersen, Ida H %A Yii-Der I Chen %A Robert Clark %A Daw, E Warwick %A de Craen, Anton J M %A Delgado, Graciela %A Dimitriou, Maria %A Doney, Alex S F %A Eklund, Niina %A Estrada, Karol %A Eury, Elodie %A Folkersen, Lasse %A Fraser, Ross M %A Melissa E Garcia %A Geller, Frank %A Giedraitis, Vilmantas %A Gigante, Bruna %A Alan S Go %A Golay, Alain %A Goodall, Alison H %A Gordon, Scott D %A Gorski, Mathias %A Hans-Jörgen Grabe %A Grallert, Harald %A Grammer, Tanja B %A Gräßler, Jürgen %A Grönberg, Henrik %A Groves, Christopher J %A Gusto, Gaëlle %A Jeffrey Haessler %A Hall, Per %A Haller, Toomas %A Hallmans, Göran %A Catharina A Hartman %A Hassinen, Maija %A Caroline Hayward %A Heard-Costa, Nancy L %A Helmer, Quinta %A Hengstenberg, Christian %A Oddgeir L Holmen %A Jouke-Jan Hottenga %A James, Alan L %A Janina Jeff %A Johansson, Åsa %A Jolley, Jennifer %A Juliusdottir, Thorhildur %A Kinnunen, Leena %A Koenig, Wolfgang %A Koskenvuo, Markku %A Kratzer, Wolfgang %A Laitinen, Jaana %A Lamina, Claudia %A Leander, Karin %A Lee, Nanette R %A Lichtner, Peter %A Lars Lind %A Lindström, Jaana %A Ken Sin Lo %A Lobbens, Stéphane %A Lorbeer, Roberto %A Lu, Yingchang %A Mach, François %A Patrik K E Magnusson %A Mahajan, Anubha %A McArdle, Wendy L %A McLachlan, Stela %A Menni, Cristina %A Merger, Sigrun %A Mihailov, Evelin %A Lili Milani %A Moayyeri, Alireza %A Monda, Keri L %A Morken, Mario A %A Mulas, Antonella %A Müller, Gabriele %A Müller-Nurasyid, Martina %A Musk, Arthur W %A Nagaraja, Ramaiah %A Markus M Nöthen %A Ilja M Nolte %A Pilz, Stefan %A Nigel W Rayner %A Renstrom, Frida %A Rettig, Rainer %A Ried, Janina S %A Ripke, Stephan %A Neil R Robertson %A Rose, Lynda M %A Sanna, Serena %A Scharnagl, Hubert %A Scholtens, Salome %A Schumacher, Fredrick R %A Scott, William R %A Seufferlein, Thomas %A Jianxin Shi %A Albert Vernon Smith %A Smolonska, Joanna %A Stanton, Alice V %A Steinthorsdottir, Valgerdur %A Kathleen E Stirrups %A Heather M Stringham %A Sundström, Johan %A Swertz, Morris A %A Swift, Amy J %A Syvänen, Ann-Christine %A Tan, Sian-Tsung %A Bamidele O Tayo %A Thorand, Barbara %A Thorleifsson, Gudmar %A Tyrer, Jonathan P %A Uh, Hae-Won %A Vandenput, Liesbeth %A Verhulst, Frank C %A Vermeulen, Sita H %A Verweij, Niek %A Vonk, Judith M %A Lindsay L Waite %A Warren, Helen R %A Dawn M Waterworth %A Michael N Weedon %A Wilkens, Lynne R %A Willenborg, Christina %A Wilsgaard, Tom %A Wojczynski, Mary K %A Wong, Andrew %A Alan F Wright %A Zhang, Qunyuan %A Brennan, Eoin P %A Murim Choi %A Dastani, Zari %A Alexander W Drong %A Eriksson, Per %A Franco-Cereceda, Anders %A Gådin, Jesper R %A Gharavi, Ali G %A Goddard, Michael E %A Handsaker, Robert E %A Huang, Jinyan %A Karpe, Fredrik %A Kathiresan, Sekar %A Keildson, Sarah %A Kiryluk, Krzysztof %A Kubo, Michiaki %A Lee, Jong-Young %A Liang, Liming %A Lifton, Richard P %A Ma, Baoshan %A McCarroll, Steven A %A McKnight, Amy J %A Min, Josine L %A Moffatt, Miriam F %A Grant W Montgomery %A Joanne M Murabito %A Nicholson, George %A Nyholt, Dale R %A Okada, Yukinori %A Perry, John R B %A Dorajoo, Rajkumar %A Reinmaa, Eva %A Salem, Rany M %A Sandholm, Niina %A Scott, Robert A %A Stolk, Lisette %A Takahashi, Atsushi %A Tanaka, Toshihiro %A Ferdinand M van 't Hooft %A Anna A E Vinkhuyzen %A Westra, Harm-Jan %A Wei Zhang %A Krina T Zondervan %A Andrew C Heath %A Arveiler, Dominique %A Bakker, Stephan J L %A Beilby, John %A Bergman, Richard N %A Blangero, John %A Bovet, Pascal %A Campbell, Harry %A Caulfield, Mark J %A Cesana, Giancarlo %A Chakravarti, Aravinda %A Daniel I Chasman %A Chines, Peter S %A Collins, Francis S %A Crawford, Dana C %A Cupples, L Adrienne %A Cusi, Daniele %A Danesh, John %A de Faire, Ulf %A Hester M den Ruijter %A Dominiczak, Anna F %A Erbel, Raimund %A Erdmann, Jeanette %A Johan G Eriksson %A Farrall, Martin %A Felix, Stephan B %A Ferrannini, Ele %A Ferrières, Jean %A Ford, Ian %A Forouhi, Nita G %A Forrester, Terrence %A Franco, Oscar H %A Gansevoort, Ron T %A Gejman, Pablo V %A Gieger, Christian %A Gottesman, Omri %A Gudnason, Vilmundur %A Gyllensten, Ulf %A Hall, Alistair S %A Tamara B Harris %A Andrew T Hattersley %A Hicks, Andrew A %A Hindorff, Lucia A %A Aroon Hingorani %A Hofman, Albert %A Homuth, Georg %A Hovingh, G Kees %A Humphries, Steve E %A Hunt, Steven C %A Hyppönen, Elina %A Illig, Thomas %A Jacobs, Kevin B %A Järvelin, Marjo-Riitta %A Jöckel, Karl-Heinz %A Johansen, Berit %A Jousilahti, Pekka %A Jukema, J Wouter %A Jula, Antti M %A Kaprio, Jaakko %A Kastelein, John J P %A Keinanen-Kiukaanniemi, Sirkka M %A Lambertus A Kiemeney %A Knekt, Paul %A Kooner, Jaspal S %A Charles Kooperberg %A Kovacs, Peter %A Kraja, Aldi T %A Kumari, Meena %A Kuusisto, Johanna %A Lakka, Timo A %A Langenberg, Claudia %A Loic Le Marchand %A Lehtimäki, Terho %A Lyssenko, Valeriya %A Männistö, Satu %A Marette, André %A Matise, Tara C %A McKenzie, Colin A %A McKnight, Barbara %A Moll, Frans L %A Morris, Andrew D %A Morris, Andrew P %A Murray, Jeffrey C %A Nelis, Mari %A Ohlsson, Claes %A Oldehinkel, Albertine J %A Ong, Ken K %A Pamela A F Madden %A Pasterkamp, Gerard %A Peden, John F %A Peters, Annette %A Postma, Dirkje S %A Pramstaller, Peter P %A Price, Jackie F %A Qi, Lu %A Olli T Raitakari %A Rankinen, Tuomo %A Rao, D C %A Rice, Treva K %A Ridker, Paul M %A Rioux, John D %A Ritchie, Marylyn D %A Rudan, Igor %A Veikko Salomaa %A Nilesh J Samani %A Saramies, Jouko %A Sarzynski, Mark A %A Schunkert, Heribert %A Schwarz, Peter E H %A Peter Sever %A Alan R Shuldiner %A Sinisalo, Juha %A Stolk, Ronald P %A Strauch, Konstantin %A Tönjes, Anke %A Trégouët, David-Alexandre %A Tremblay, Angelo %A Tremoli, Elena %A Virtamo, Jarmo %A Vohl, Marie-Claude %A Völker, Uwe %A Waeber, Gérard %A Gonneke Willemsen %A Witteman, Jacqueline C %A Zillikens, M Carola %A Adair, Linda S %A Amouyel, Philippe %A Asselbergs, Folkert W %A Assimes, Themistocles L %A Bochud, Murielle %A Boehm, Bernhard O %A Boerwinkle, Eric %A Bornstein, Stefan R %A Erwin P Bottinger %A Bouchard, Claude %A Cauchi, Stéphane %A Chambers, John C %A Chanock, Stephen J %A Cooper, Richard S %A de Bakker, Paul I W %A George Dedoussis %A Luigi Ferrucci %A Franks, Paul W %A Froguel, Philippe %A Leif C Groop %A Christopher A Haiman %A Hamsten, Anders %A Hui, Jennie %A Hunter, David J %A Hveem, Kristian %A Kaplan, Robert C %A Mika Kivimäki %A Kuh, Diana %A Laakso, Markku %A Yongmei Liu %A Nicholas G Martin %A März, Winfried %A Melbye, Mads %A Andres Metspalu %A Moebus, Susanne %A Munroe, Patricia B %A Njølstad, Inger %A Ben A Oostra %A Palmer, Colin N A %A Nancy L Pedersen %A Markus Perola %A Pérusse, Louis %A Peters, Ulrike %A Power, Chris %A Quertermous, Thomas %A Rauramaa, Rainer %A Fernando Rivadeneira %A Saaristo, Timo E %A Saleheen, Danish %A Sattar, Naveed %A Eric E Schadt %A Schlessinger, David %A Eline P Slagboom %A Snieder, Harold %A Timothy Spector %A Thorsteinsdottir, Unnur %A Stumvoll, Michael %A Tuomilehto, Jaakko %A André G Uitterlinden %A Uusitupa, Matti %A van der Harst, Pim %A Walker, Mark %A Wallaschofski, Henri %A Wareham, Nicholas J %A Watkins, Hugh %A David R Weir %A Wichmann, H-Erich %A James F Wilson %A Zanen, Pieter %A Ingrid B Borecki %A Deloukas, Panos %A Caroline S Fox %A Iris M Heid %A Jeff O'Connell %A David P Strachan %A Stefansson, Kari %A Cornelia M van Duijn %A Gonçalo R Abecasis %A Lude L Franke %A Timothy M Frayling %A McCarthy, Mark I %A Peter M Visscher %A Scherag, Andre %A Willer, Cristen J %A Boehnke, Michael %A Mohlke, Karen L %A Lindgren, Cecilia M %A Beckmann, Jacques S %A Barroso, Inês %A Kari E North %A Ingelsson, Erik %A Joel N Hirschhron %A Ruth J F Loos %A Elizabeth K Speliotes %K Age Factors %K BMI %K Continental Population Groups %K Energy Metabolism %K Europe %K Female %K Genome-Wide Association Study %K Glutamic Acid %K Humans %K Insulin %K Male %K Obesity %K Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide %K Quantitative Trait Loci %K Synapses %X

Obesity is heritable and predisposes to many diseases. To understand the genetic basis of obesity better, here we conduct a genome-wide association study and Metabochip meta-analysis of body mass index (BMI), a measure commonly used to define obesity and assess adiposity, in up to 339,224 individuals. This analysis identifies 97 BMI-associated loci (P < 5 × 10(-8)), 56 of which are novel. Five loci demonstrate clear evidence of several independent association signals, and many loci have significant effects on other metabolic phenotypes. The 97 loci account for ∼2.7% of BMI variation, and genome-wide estimates suggest that common variation accounts for >20% of BMI variation. Pathway analyses provide strong support for a role of the central nervous system in obesity susceptibility and implicate new genes and pathways, including those related to synaptic function, glutamate signalling, insulin secretion/action, energy metabolism, lipid biology and adipogenesis.

%B Nature %V 518 %P 197-206 %8 2015 Feb 12 %G eng %N 7538 %1 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25673413?dopt=Abstract %R 10.1038/nature14177 %0 Journal Article %J Nat Genet %D 2015 %T Large-scale genomic analyses link reproductive aging to hypothalamic signaling, breast cancer susceptibility and BRCA1-mediated DNA repair. %A Day, Felix R %A Ruth, Katherine S %A Thompson, Deborah J %A Kathryn L Lunetta %A Pervjakova, Natalia %A Daniel I Chasman %A Stolk, Lisette %A Finucane, Hilary K %A Sulem, Patrick %A Bulik-Sullivan, Brendan %A Tõnu Esko %A Andrew D Johnson %A Elks, Cathy E %A Franceschini, Nora %A He, Chunyan %A Altmaier, Elisabeth %A Brody, Jennifer A %A Lude L Franke %A Huffman, Jennifer E %A Keller, Margaux F %A McArdle, Patrick F %A Nutile, Teresa %A Porcu, Eleonora %A Robino, Antonietta %A Rose, Lynda M %A Schick, Ursula M %A Jennifer A Smith %A Teumer, Alexander %A Traglia, Michela %A Vuckovic, Dragana %A Yao, Jie %A Wei Zhao %A Albrecht, Eva %A Amin, Najaf %A Corre, Tanguy %A Jouke-Jan Hottenga %A Mangino, Massimo %A Albert Vernon Smith %A Toshiko Tanaka %A Gonçalo R Abecasis %A Andrulis, Irene L %A Anton-Culver, Hoda %A Antoniou, Antonis C %A Arndt, Volker %A Alice M. Arnold %A Barbieri, Caterina %A Beckmann, Matthias W %A Beeghly-Fadiel, Alicia %A Benitez, Javier %A Bernstein, Leslie %A Bielinski, Suzette J %A Blomqvist, Carl %A Boerwinkle, Eric %A Bogdanova, Natalia V %A Bojesen, Stig E %A Manjeet K. Bolla %A Borresen-Dale, Anne-Lise %A Boutin, Thibaud S %A Brauch, Hiltrud %A Brenner, Hermann %A Brüning, Thomas %A Burwinkel, Barbara %A Campbell, Archie %A Campbell, Harry %A Chanock, Stephen J %A Chapman, J Ross %A Yii-Der I Chen %A Chenevix-Trench, Georgia %A Couch, Fergus J %A Coviello, Andrea D %A Cox, Angela %A Czene, Kamila %A Darabi, Hatef %A De Vivo, Immaculata %A Ellen W Demerath %A Joe G Dennis %A Devilee, Peter %A Dörk, Thilo %A Dos-Santos-Silva, Isabel %A Dunning, Alison M %A John D Eicher %A Fasching, Peter A %A Jessica Faul %A Figueroa, Jonine %A Flesch-Janys, Dieter %A Gandin, Ilaria %A Melissa E Garcia %A García-Closas, Montserrat %A Giles, Graham G %A Giorgia G Girotto %A Goldberg, Mark S %A González-Neira, Anna %A Goodarzi, Mark O %A Grove, Megan L %A Gudbjartsson, Daniel F %A Guénel, Pascal %A Guo, Xiuqing %A Christopher A Haiman %A Hall, Per %A Hamann, Ute %A Henderson, Brian E %A Lynne J Hocking %A Hofman, Albert %A Homuth, Georg %A Hooning, Maartje J %A John L Hopper %A Hu, Frank B %A Huang, Jinyan %A Humphreys, Keith %A Hunter, David J %A Jakubowska, Anna %A Jones, Samuel E %A Kabisch, Maria %A Karasik, David %A Knight, Julia A %A Kolcic, Ivana %A Charles Kooperberg %A Kosma, Veli-Matti %A Kriebel, Jennifer %A Kristensen, Vessela %A Lambrechts, Diether %A Langenberg, Claudia %A Li, Jingmei %A Li, Xin %A Lindström, Sara %A Yongmei Liu %A Luan, Jian'an %A Lubinski, Jan %A Mägi, Reedik %A Mannermaa, Arto %A Manz, Judith %A Margolin, Sara %A Marten, Jonathan %A Nicholas G Martin %A Masciullo, Corrado %A Meindl, Alfons %A Michailidou, Kyriaki %A Mihailov, Evelin %A Lili Milani %A Milne, Roger L %A Müller-Nurasyid, Martina %A Michael A Nalls %A Neale, Benjamin M %A Nevanlinna, Heli %A Neven, Patrick %A Anne B Newman %A Børge G Nordestgaard %A Olson, Janet E %A Padmanabhan, Sandosh %A Peterlongo, Paolo %A Peters, Ulrike %A Petersmann, Astrid %A Peto, Julian %A Pharoah, Paul D P %A Nicola Pirastu %A Pirie, Ailith %A Pistis, Giorgio %A Polasek, Ozren %A David J Porteous %A Psaty, Bruce M %A Pylkäs, Katri %A Radice, Paolo %A Raffel, Leslie J %A Fernando Rivadeneira %A Rudan, Igor %A Rudolph, Anja %A Ruggiero, Daniela %A Cinzia Felicita Sala %A Sanna, Serena %A Sawyer, Elinor J %A Schlessinger, David %A Schmidt, Marjanka K %A Schmidt, Frank %A Schmutzler, Rita K %A Schoemaker, Minouk J %A Scott, Robert A %A Seynaeve, Caroline M %A Simard, Jacques %A Sorice, Rossella %A Southey, Melissa C %A Stöckl, Doris %A Strauch, Konstantin %A Swerdlow, Anthony %A Kent D Taylor %A Thorsteinsdottir, Unnur %A Toland, Amanda E %A Tomlinson, Ian %A Truong, Thérèse %A Tryggvadottir, Laufey %A Stephen T Turner %A Vozzi, Diego %A Wang, Qin %A Wellons, Melissa %A Gonneke Willemsen %A James F Wilson %A Winqvist, Robert %A Wolffenbuttel, Bruce B H R %A Alan F Wright %A Yannoukakos, Drakoulis %A Zemunik, Tatijana %A Wei Zhang %A Zygmunt, Marek %A Bergmann, Sven %A Dorret I Boomsma %A Buring, Julie E %A Luigi Ferrucci %A Grant W Montgomery %A Gudnason, Vilmundur %A Timothy Spector %A Cornelia M van Duijn %A Alizadeh, Behrooz Z %A Ciullo, Marina %A Crisponi, Laura %A Easton, Douglas F %A Paolo P. Gasparini %A Gieger, Christian %A Tamara B Harris %A Caroline Hayward %A Sharon L R Kardia %A Kraft, Peter %A McKnight, Barbara %A Andres Metspalu %A Alanna C Morrison %A Reiner, Alex P %A Ridker, Paul M %A Rotter, Jerome I %A Toniolo, Daniela %A André G Uitterlinden %A Ulivi, Sheila %A Völzke, Henry %A Wareham, Nicholas J %A David R Weir %A Laura M Yerges-Armstrong %A Price, Alkes L %A Stefansson, Kari %A Visser, Jenny A %A Ong, Ken K %A Chang-Claude, Jenny %A Joanne M Murabito %A Perry, John R B %A Murray, Anna %K Age Factors %K Aging %K BRCA1 Protein %K Breast Neoplasms %K DNA Repair %K Female %K Genome %K Genome-Wide Association Study %K Genotype %K Humans %K Hypothalamus %K Menopause %K Middle Aged %K Models, Genetic %K Older Adults %K Phenotype %K Reproduction %K Signal Transduction %X

Menopause timing has a substantial impact on infertility and risk of disease, including breast cancer, but the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. We report a dual strategy in ∼70,000 women to identify common and low-frequency protein-coding variation associated with age at natural menopause (ANM). We identified 44 regions with common variants, including two regions harboring additional rare missense alleles of large effect. We found enrichment of signals in or near genes involved in delayed puberty, highlighting the first molecular links between the onset and end of reproductive lifespan. Pathway analyses identified major association with DNA damage response (DDR) genes, including the first common coding variant in BRCA1 associated with any complex trait. Mendelian randomization analyses supported a causal effect of later ANM on breast cancer risk (∼6% increase in risk per year; P = 3 × 10(-14)), likely mediated by prolonged sex hormone exposure rather than DDR mechanisms.

%B Nat Genet %V 47 %P 1294-303 %8 2015 Nov %G eng %N 11 %1 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26414677?dopt=Abstract %R 10.1038/ng.3412 %0 Journal Article %J BMC Genet %D 2014 %T Genetic diversity is a predictor of mortality in humans. %A Bihlmeyer, Nathan A %A Brody, Jennifer A %A Albert Vernon Smith %A Kathryn L Lunetta %A Michael A Nalls %A Jennifer A Smith %A Toshiko Tanaka %A Gail Davies %A Lei Yu %A Saira S Mirza %A Teumer, Alexander %A Coresh, Josef %A Pankow, James S %A Franceschini, Nora %A Scaria, Anish %A Oshima, Junko %A Psaty, Bruce M %A Gudnason, Vilmundur %A Guðny Eiríksdóttir %A Tamara B Harris %A Li, Hanyue %A Karasik, David %A Douglas P Kiel %A Melissa E Garcia %A Yongmei Liu %A Jessica Faul %A Sharon L R Kardia %A Wei Zhao %A Luigi Ferrucci %A Allerhand, Michael %A David C Liewald %A Redmond, Paul %A John M Starr %A Philip L de Jager %A Nese Direk %A Mohammed Arfan Ikram %A André G Uitterlinden %A Homuth, Georg %A Lorbeer, Roberto %A Hans-Jörgen Grabe %A Lenore J Launer %A Joanne M Murabito %A Andrew B Singleton %A David R Weir %A Bandinelli, Stefania %A Ian J Deary %A David A Bennett %A Henning Tiemeier %A Kocher, Thomas %A Lumley, Thomas %A Dan E Arking %K Genome-Wide Association Study %K Heterozygote %K Humans %K Mortality %K Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide %K Proportional Hazards Models %X

BACKGROUND: It has been well-established, both by population genetics theory and direct observation in many organisms, that increased genetic diversity provides a survival advantage. However, given the limitations of both sample size and genome-wide metrics, this hypothesis has not been comprehensively tested in human populations. Moreover, the presence of numerous segregating small effect alleles that influence traits that directly impact health directly raises the question as to whether global measures of genomic variation are themselves associated with human health and disease.

RESULTS: We performed a meta-analysis of 17 cohorts followed prospectively, with a combined sample size of 46,716 individuals, including a total of 15,234 deaths. We find a significant association between increased heterozygosity and survival (P = 0.03). We estimate that within a single population, every standard deviation of heterozygosity an individual has over the mean decreases that person's risk of death by 1.57%.

CONCLUSIONS: This effect was consistent between European and African ancestry cohorts, men and women, and major causes of death (cancer and cardiovascular disease), demonstrating the broad positive impact of genomic diversity on human survival.

%B BMC Genet %V 15 %P 159 %8 2014 Dec 29 %G eng %U https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4301661/ %1 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25543667?dopt=Abstract %R 10.1186/s12863-014-0159-7 %0 Journal Article %J Science %D 2013 %T GWAS of 126,559 individuals identifies genetic variants associated with educational attainment. %A Cornelius A Rietveld %A Sarah E Medland %A Derringer, Jaime %A Yang, Jian %A Tõnu Esko %A Martin, Nicolas W %A Westra, Harm-Jan %A Shakhbazov, Konstantin %A Abdel Abdellaoui %A Agrawal, Arpana %A Albrecht, Eva %A Alizadeh, Behrooz Z %A Amin, Najaf %A Barnard, John %A Baumeister, Sebastian E %A Benke, Kelly S %A Bielak, Lawrence F %A Boatman, Jeffrey A %A Patricia A. Boyle %A Gail Davies %A Christiaan de Leeuw %A Eklund, Niina %A Daniel S Evans %A Rudolf Ferhmann %A Fischer, Krista %A Gieger, Christian %A Gjessing, Håkon K %A Hägg, Sara %A Harris, Jennifer R %A Caroline Hayward %A Holzapfel, Christina %A Carla A Ibrahim-Verbaas %A Ingelsson, Erik %A Jacobsson, Bo %A Joshi, Peter K %A Jugessur, Astanand %A Marika A Kaakinen %A Kanoni, Stavroula %A Karjalainen, Juha %A Kolcic, Ivana %A Kristiansson, Kati %A Kutalik, Zoltán %A J. Lahti %A Lee, Sang H %A Lin, Peng %A Penelope A Lind %A Yongmei Liu %A Kurt Lohman %A Loitfelder, Marisa %A McMahon, George %A Vidal, Pedro Marques %A Osorio Meirelles %A Lili Milani %A Myhre, Ronny %A Nuotio, Marja-Liisa %A Christopher J Oldmeadow %A Katja E Petrovic %A Wouter J Peyrot %A Polasek, Ozren %A Quaye, Lydia %A Reinmaa, Eva %A Rice, John P %A Rizzi, Thais S %A Schmidt, Helena %A Schmidt, Reinhold %A Albert Vernon Smith %A Jennifer A Smith %A Toshiko Tanaka %A Antonio Terracciano %A van der Loos, Matthijs J H M %A Vitart, Veronique %A Völzke, Henry %A Jürgen Wellmann %A Lei Yu %A Wei Zhao %A Allik, Jüri %A John R. Attia %A Bandinelli, Stefania %A Bastardot, François %A Jonathan P. Beauchamp %A David A Bennett %A Klaus Berger %A Laura Bierut %A Dorret I Boomsma %A Bültmann, Ute %A Campbell, Harry %A Chabris, Christopher F %A Cherkas, Lynn %A Chung, Mina K %A Francesco Cucca %A de Andrade, Mariza %A Philip L de Jager %A De Neve, Jan-Emmanuel %A Ian J Deary %A George Dedoussis %A Deloukas, Panos %A Dimitriou, Maria %A Guðny Eiríksdóttir %A Elderson, Martin F %A Johan G Eriksson %A Jessica Faul %A Luigi Ferrucci %A Melissa E Garcia %A Grönberg, Henrik %A Guðnason, Vilmundur %A Hall, Per %A Harris, Juliette M %A Tamara B Harris %A Nicholas D Hastie %A Andrew C Heath %A Dena G Hernandez %A Hoffmann, Wolfgang %A Hofman, Adriaan %A Holle, Rolf %A Holliday, Elizabeth G %A Jouke-Jan Hottenga %A Iacono, William G %A Illig, Thomas %A Järvelin, Marjo-Riitta %A Kähönen, Mika %A Kaprio, Jaakko %A Kirkpatrick, Robert M %A Kowgier, Matthew %A Latvala, Antti %A Lenore J Launer %A Lawlor, Debbie A %A Lehtimäki, Terho %A Li, Jingmei %A Paul Lichtenstein %A Lichtner, Peter %A David C Liewald %A Pamela A F Madden %A Patrik K E Magnusson %A Mäkinen, Tomi E %A Masala, Marco %A McGue, Matt %A Andres Metspalu %A Mielck, Andreas %A Michael B Miller %A Grant W Montgomery %A Mukherjee, Sutapa %A Nyholt, Dale R %A Ben A Oostra %A Palmer, Lyle J %A Aarno Palotie %A Brenda W J H Penninx %A Markus Perola %A Peyser, Patricia A %A Preisig, Martin %A Katri Räikkönen %A Olli T Raitakari %A Realo, Anu %A Ring, Susan M %A Ripatti, Samuli %A Fernando Rivadeneira %A Rudan, Igor %A Rustichini, Aldo %A Veikko Salomaa %A Sarin, Antti-Pekka %A Schlessinger, David %A Rodney J Scott %A Snieder, Harold %A St Pourcain, Beate %A John M Starr %A Sul, Jae Hoon %A Surakka, Ida %A Svento, Rauli %A Teumer, Alexander %A Henning Tiemeier %A van Rooij, Frank J A %A Van Wagoner, David R %A Vartiainen, Erkki %A Viikari, Jorma %A Vollenweider, Peter %A Vonk, Judith M %A Waeber, Gérard %A David R Weir %A Wichmann, H-Erich %A Elisabeth Widen %A Gonneke Willemsen %A James F Wilson %A Alan F Wright %A Dalton C Conley %A Davey-Smith, George %A Lude L Franke %A Groenen, Patrick J F %A Hofman, Albert %A Johannesson, Magnus %A Sharon L R Kardia %A Krueger, Robert F %A David I Laibson %A Nicholas G Martin %A Meyer, Michelle N %A Posthuma, Danielle %A A. Roy Thurik %A Nicholas J Timpson %A André G Uitterlinden %A Cornelia M van Duijn %A Peter M Visscher %A Daniel J. Benjamin %A Cesarini, David %A Philipp D Koellinger %K Cognition %K Educational Status %K Endophenotypes %K Female %K Genetic Loci %K Genome-Wide Association Study %K Humans %K Male %K Multifactorial Inheritance %K Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide %X

A genome-wide association study (GWAS) of educational attainment was conducted in a discovery sample of 101,069 individuals and a replication sample of 25,490. Three independent single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are genome-wide significant (rs9320913, rs11584700, rs4851266), and all three replicate. Estimated effects sizes are small (coefficient of determination R(2) ≈ 0.02%), approximately 1 month of schooling per allele. A linear polygenic score from all measured SNPs accounts for ≈2% of the variance in both educational attainment and cognitive function. Genes in the region of the loci have previously been associated with health, cognitive, and central nervous system phenotypes, and bioinformatics analyses suggest the involvement of the anterior caudate nucleus. These findings provide promising candidate SNPs for follow-up work, and our effect size estimates can anchor power analyses in social-science genetics.

%B Science %V 340 %P 1467-71 %8 2013 Jun 21 %G eng %N 6139 %1 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23722424?dopt=Abstract %R 10.1126/science.1235488