%0 Journal Article %J Behavioral Medicine %D 2023 %T Health Behavior Changes after a Diabetes Diagnosis: The Moderating Role of Social Support. %A Qin, Weidi %K Diabetes %K Health Behavior %K Self-efficacy %K Social Support %X

The present study aims to investigate the relationship between a diagnosis of diabetes and health behavior changes among middle-aged and older adults, and whether self-efficacy and social support moderate the relationship. The study sample was selected from the 2006 to 2016 waves of the Health and Retirement Study (N = 13,143). A diagnosis of diabetes was ascertained by self-reported physician-diagnosed condition. Self-efficacy was measured using a 5-item scale. Social support from family and friends was measured separately by a same 3-item scale. Three health behaviors were assessed, including drinking, smoking, and physical activity. Mixed-effects regression models were conducted to test the study aims. Findings showed that participants reduced drinking after a diagnosis of diabetes. A significant interaction between social support from family and a diabetes diagnosis was found in predicting drinking reduction and smoking cessation. These findings suggest that a diagnosis of diabetes may trigger individuals' motivation to initiate health-promoting behaviors. Mobilizing social support from family may help individuals adopt health-promoting behaviors and manage diabetes after a diagnosis.

%B Behavioral Medicine %V 49 %P 292-301 %G eng %N 3 %R 10.1080/08964289.2022.2050670 %0 Journal Article %J Preventive Medicine %D 2022 %T A diagnosis of diabetes and health behavior maintenance in middle-aged and older adults in the United States: The role of self-efficacy and social support. %A Qin, Weidi %K Diabetes diagnosis %K Health behavior maintenance %K Self-efficacy %K Social Support %X

The present study aims to investigate the relationship between a diagnosis of diabetes and the maintenance of health behaviors, and whether self-efficacy and social support moderate the relationship. The study sample came from the 2006 to 2016 waves of the Health and Retirement Study in the United States (N = 13,143). A diagnosis of diabetes was ascertained by self-reported physician-diagnosed condition. Self-efficacy was measured using a 5-item scale. Social support from family and friends were measured separately by a 3-item scale. Three health behaviors were examined, namely alcohol consumption, smoking, and physical activity. Cox proportional hazards regression models were performed to test the study aims. Respondents who reported a diagnosis of diabetes were 1.50 times more likely to fail to maintain physical activity (95% CI = 1.26, 1.77). This relationship was moderated by social support from family, which was related to lower hazards of failure to maintain physical activity among individuals who had a diagnosis of diabetes compared to those without a diagnosis. The study suggests that a diagnosis of diabetes may be a stressful health event that negatively affects physical activity maintenance. In addition, the findings highlight the importance of incorporating strategies to mobilize social support from family, which may help individuals sustain their efforts to maintaining health-promoting behaviors after a diabetes diagnosis.

%B Preventive Medicine %V 155 %P 106958 %G eng %R 10.1016/j.ypmed.2022.106958 %0 Journal Article %J International Journal of Aging and Human Development %D 2022 %T Exploring Lifestyle Activities to Reduce Internalized Ageism: Self-Efficacy as a Mediator Between Exercise, Volunteering, Computer Use, and Self-Perceptions of Aging. %A Steward, Andrew %A Hasche, Leslie %K computer %K Exercise %K Self-efficacy %K self-perceptions of aging %K Volunteering %X

The objective of this study is to test self-efficacy as a mediator in the relationship between three lifestyle activities (exercise, volunteering, and computer use) and self-perceptions of aging (SPA) among older adults. We hypothesize that increased self-efficacy will mediate the relationship between lifestyle activities and more positive SPA. This is a cross-sectional, secondary data analysis drawn from the 2016 wave of the Health and Retirement Study (HRS; = 4,561). Bootstrapping procedures were applied to test the significance of the indirect effects of self-efficacy in the relationship between lifestyle activities and SPA. Results indicate significant direct effects between exercise, computer use, and self-efficacy. Direct effects were observed between exercise, volunteering, computer use, and SPA. Self-efficacy partially mediated the relationship between exercise, volunteering, computer use, and SPA. Implications for practitioners working with older adults are discussed. Future research should test formal intervention programs aimed at reducing internalized ageism through additional pathways.

%B International Journal of Aging and Human Development %V 94 %P 255-272 %G eng %N 3 %R 10.1177/00914150211024175 %0 Journal Article %J Journal of Economic Psychology %D 2021 %T Cognitive abilities, self-efficacy, and financial behavior %A Tang, N. %K Cognition %K Personal finance %K Self-efficacy %X This paper investigates the effect of cognitive abilities on financial behavior among older adults. Using the U.S. Health and Retirement Study, I find that cognitive abilities significantly affect financial behavior through two channels: ability and self-efficacy. People with higher cognition scores achieve better financial outcomes. This positive association is especially strong in tasks having high demand of cognitive abilities, which confirms the ability channel of the cognitive ability effect. In addition, there is evidence for the self-efficacy channel as a secondary source of cognitive influence. Lower cognitive abilities decrease people's sense of self-efficacy, which, in turn, significantly decreases financial management efficiency. The findings have important policy implications, specifically that more effort is needed to assist the growing older population through the cognitive aging process and that noncognitive skills, as a secondary source of influence, also warrant attention. © 2021 The Author %B Journal of Economic Psychology %V 87 %P 102447 %G eng %R 10.1016/j.joep.2021.102447 %0 Report %D 2021 %T Cognitive abilities, self-efficacy, and financial behavior %A Tang, Ning %K Cognition %K financial behavior %K Self-efficacy %B Trends and Issues %I TIAA Institute %G eng %U https://www.tiaainstitute.org/sites/default/files/presentations/2021-04/TIAA%20Institute_Cognitive%20abilities_TI_Tang_April%202021_0.pdf %0 Thesis %B Social Welfare %D 2021 %T Diagnosis of Diabetes and Health Behaviors in Middle-Aged and Older Adults: The Role of Self-Efficacy and Social Support %A Qin, Weidi %K Diabetes %K Self-efficacy %K Social Support %X Focusing on middle-aged and older adults, the present study objectives are to investigate the effects of a diabetes diagnosis on the initiation and maintenance of healthy behaviors and whether self-efficacy and social support modify the relationships. The study sample came from the Health and Retirement Study. The predictor variables were diabetes diagnosis, self-efficacy, and social support from family and friends. The outcome variables were three health behaviors (alcohol consumption, smoking status, and physical activity) and utilization of four preventive care services (blood test for cholesterol, influenza vaccination, prostate cancer exam, and mammography). Study 1 utilized a matched case-control difference-in-differences approach to estimate the effect of a diabetes diagnosis on the likelihood of change in health behaviors and utilization of preventive care services. Study 2 applied mixed-effects regression models to analyze the longitudinal effects of diabetes diagnosis, self-efficacy, and social support on health behavior changes and to examine the moderating effects of self-efficacy and social support. Study 3 performed Cox proportional hazards regression models to examine the effects of a diabetes diagnosis, self-efficacy, and social support on the hazards of failure to maintain healthy behaviors and to examine the moderating effects of self-efficacy and social support. Results from study 1 indicated that individuals reduced alcohol consumption and increased utilization of blood tests for cholesterol and influenza vaccination after a diagnosis of diabetes. Findings from study 2 showed that a diagnosis of diabetes was associated with reduced drinking. A significant interaction between social support from family and diabetes diagnosis was found in predicting drinking and smoking. Last, study 3 reported that a diagnosis of diabetes was associated with higher hazards of failure to maintain physical activity. A significant interaction between social support from family and diabetes diagnosis was found in predicting physical activity maintenance. The collective findings of the three studies suggest that a diagnosis of diabetes can be both a teachable moment that motivates the initiation of reducing health-risking behaviors, and a stressful health event that hinders maintenance of health-promoting behaviors. Mobilizing social support from family may help individuals adopt and maintain healthy behaviors after a diabetes diagnosis. %B Social Welfare %I Case Western Reserve University %C Cleveland, OH %V Ph.D. %G eng %U http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1625841228065432 %0 Thesis %B Psychology %D 2021 %T The Role of Self-Efficacy in the Variation of Health Outcomes Late in Life %A Bookman, Lindsey %K Ageism %K health outcomes %K Life Satisfaction %K perceived age discrimination %K Self-efficacy %X As the population of the United States ages, variation in late-life health and wellbeing outcomes have become an increasingly popular and necessary area of scientific exploration. Previous research has identified ageism (Levy et al., 2000) and perceived age discrimination (Han & Richardson, 2015; Marquet et al., 2019) as factors that negatively impact outcomes for older adults. Further, as conceptualized through the Stereotype Embodiment Theory (Levy, 2009), self-perceptions of aging have been found to mediate the influence of perceived age discrimination on health outcomes. Individuals from stigmatized groups have a physiological reaction (i.e., a stress response) to negative age stereotypes (Levy et al., 2000) and other forms of discrimination (Lui & Quezada, 2019). Therefore, analyzing the Stereotype Embodiment Theory and Transactional Model of Stress (Lazarus & Folkman, 1987) in combination allows one to consider the variation of aging outcomes as subject to individual factors involved in stress appraisal and coping. The current study utilized public data from 676 older adults who participated in two waves of the Health and Retirement Study (2012; 2016). First, conditional process analysis was employed to confirm self-perceptions of aging as a mediator between perceived age discrimination and outcomes. Next, the potential protective effects of self-efficacy in the stress appraisal process were explored. Results confirmed the indirect effect of perceived age discrimination on health outcomes and life satisfaction through self-perceptions of aging. However, the analysis did not provide evidence for self-efficacy’s moderating effect on the relationship between perceived age discrimination and self-perceptions of aging. This study provides additional support for the Stereotype Embodiment Theory and offers individual differences in stress appraisal as an explanation for variation in late-life wellness. %B Psychology %I University of Michigan - Dearborn %C Dearborn, MI %V M.S. %G eng %U https://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/handle/2027.42/169509/Bookman%2C%20Lindsey%20-%20The%20Role%20of%20Self-Efficacy%20in%20the%20Variation%20of%20Health%20Outcomes%20Later%20in%20Life.pdf?sequence=3 %0 Journal Article %J Journal of Aging and Health %D 2020 %T Self-Perceptions of Aging and Control of Life in Late Adulthood: Between-Person and Within-Person Associations %A Luo, M.S. %A Lydia W Li %A Ernest Wing Tak Chui %K attitude toward aging %K control belief %K Self-efficacy %K sold age %X Objectives: This study aimed to examine the longitudinal relationship between two central concepts in aging research—self-perceptions of aging (SPA) and perceived control of life (COL). Method: The data came from three measurement points over a 9-year period in the Health and Retirement Study (HRS). A random intercepts cross-lagged panel model (RI-CLPM) was estimated. Results: The covariations between SPA and COL across 9 years were evident at both the between-person level and the within-person within-time level. The results revealed a reciprocal relationship between SPA and COL: Higher than usual negative SPA predicted within-person decreases in COL 4 years later, and lower than usual COL predicted future within-person increases in negative SPA. Furthermore, SPA were found to have a somewhat larger effect on COL than the corresponding influence of COL on SPA. Discussion: This study enriches the stereotype embodiment theory and the practice by documenting a reciprocal interrelationship between SPA and COL. %B Journal of Aging and Health %G eng %R 10.1177/0898264320917303 %0 Journal Article %J Psychology and Aging %D 2019 %T The psychology of portfolio withdrawal rates. %A Asebedo, Sarah D. %A Chris Browning %K agreeableness %K Conscientiousness %K extraversion %K Finance %K Negative Emotions %K Neuroticism %K Openness to Experience %K Personality %K Personality Traits %K portfolio withdrawal rates %K Positive Emotions %K psychological characteristics %K Retirement %K Self-efficacy %X This study investigates how personality and psychological characteristics shape portfolio withdrawal rates (PWR) within a sample of 3,678 U.S. individuals age 50 and over from the Health and Retirement Study. Structural equation model results revealed that those with greater conscientiousness, extraversion, positive affect, and financial self-efficacy have lower PWR; whereas those with greater openness, agreeableness, neuroticism, and negative affect have higher PWR. Findings from this study break new ground by establishing a link between psychological characteristics and PWR. Moreover, results provide insight to financial planning practitioners as they explore retirement income planning beyond its technical aspects and seek to maximize their clients’ satisfaction from the consumption of their retirement portfolios. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved) %B Psychology and Aging %G eng %U https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31738071 %0 Journal Article %J Journal of Financial Therapy %D 2019 %T Psychosocial attributes and financial self-efficacy among older adults %A Asebedo, S.D. %K Finances %K Psychosocial %K Self-efficacy %X This study investigates the relationship between psychosocial characteristics and financial selfefficacy (FSE) within a sample of 9,187 U.S. individuals over age 50 from the Health and Retirement Study. Psychosocial factors were operationalized through the PERMA well-being construct from positive psychology: positive emotions, engagement, relationships, meaning, and accomplishment. Results of a second-order confirmatory factory analysis (CFA) within a structural equation modeling framework revealed that the PERMA construct was positively associated with FSE for the full sample, the spouse/partner sample, and the sample with children. Results also indicated that all individual PERMA elements were directly and positively associated with FSE except for engagement, which revealed a direct negative relationship. Researchers have found older adults' FSE to be vulnerable to a sustained decline; this study builds upon the literature by providing insight into how the psychosocial environment might contribute to or mitigate this decline. © 2019 Revista Civilistica. %B Journal of Financial Therapy %V 10 %P 1-29 %G eng %R 10.4148/1944-9771.1196 %0 Journal Article %J Journal of Financial Counseling and Planning %D 2018 %T Financial self-efficacy and the saving behavior of older pre-retirees %A Asebedo, Sarah D. %A Martin C. Seay %K Financial literacy %K Savings %K Self-efficacy %X This study investigates the relationship between financial self-efficacy (FSE) and saving behavior within a sample of 847 U.S. pre-retirees aged 50 to 70 from the Health and Retirement Study. In accordance with the social cognitive theory of self-regulation, results revealed that FSE is positively related to saving behavior after controlling for sociodemographic attributes, financial characteristics, and saving motives. Understanding how FSE contributes to saving behavior is critical as older workers attempt to bridge the retirement saving gap. Financial counselors and planners can help this population save by cultivating and supporting clients 'FSE throughout the financial planning and counseling process. %B Journal of Financial Counseling and Planning %V 29 %P 357-368 %G eng %U http://connect.springerpub.com/lookup/doi/10.1891/1052-3073.29.2.357https://syndication.highwire.org/content/doi/10.1891/1052-3073.29.2.357 %N 2 %! Journal of Financial Counseling and Planning %R 10.1891/1052-3073.29.2.357